Outcomes of acute versus delayed total hip arthroplasty following acetabular fracture.

PURPOSE: Post-traumatic arthritis is known complication following acetabular fracture. The aim was to compare mid- to long-term outcomes of acute THA (aTHA) for acetabular fracture and delayed THA (dTHA) following failure of ORIF or conservative management. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 60 THA (21 aTHA; 39 dTHA) performed for acetabular fracture between 2004 and 2014 in 60 patients with a mean age of 59 years (20-94). Functional and Radiographic outcomes were assessed at a mean follow-up of 5 years (2-13) utilizing Oxford, Harris Hip (HHS), and Postel Merle d'Aubigné (PMA) scores and Brooker classification. RESULTS: The mean HHS (73), Oxford (32) and PMA (12) scores were significantly lower in the aTHA group. Acute THA was significantly associated with lower postoperative Oxford (ß = -4.2), HHS (ß = -7.8), and PMA (ß = -2.2) scores at mean 5 years (2-13). Eleven patients returned to the operating room. There were no significant differences between THA performed in acute or delayed fashion. The two primary reasons for revision were periprosthetic joint infection (n = 5) and aseptic loosening (n = 4). Survivorship free from reoperation at 10 years was 91% and 82% for aTHA and dTHA, respectively (p = 0.24). Increased PMA scores were associated with decreased overall survival of the THA free from reoperation (HR = 0.60). The degree of heterotopic ossification was significantly higher in the aTHA group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Acute THA in the setting of acetabular fracture is a technically challenging procedure. However, in the present series, aTHA provided satisfactory immediate stability and good survivorship at 10 years in a medically vulnerable patient population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3; Therapeutic study.

Paediatric anterior cruciate ligament tears: management and growth disturbances. A survey of EPOS and POSNA membership.

PURPOSE: The therapeutic algorithm of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears remains controversial. The primary aim of the study was to describe variations in practice patterns among European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS) and Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) members with respect to management of ACL tears in skeletally immature patients. The secondary objective was to determine the number, type and severity of growth disturbances associated with ACL reconstruction (ACLR). METHODS: An email invitation to complete a 52-question survey was sent to all members of POSNA and EPOS. Data were collected automatically. Descriptive statistics were applied. RESULTS: In all, 305 (25.4%) surgeon members responded. Only 182 (60%) of the participants treated ACL injuries in skeletally immature patients and completed the survey. A total of 17% of EPOS and 70% of POSNA members recommended ACLR within three months for a prepubescent paediatric ACL tear. In total, 61% of POSNA and 83% of EPOS members recommended ACLR within three months for a pubescent paediatric ACL tear. Epiphyseal tunnels were the preferred technique in prepubescent children (43% at the tibia and 49% at the femur), while transphyseal tunnels were recommended preferentially in pubescent children (85% at the tibia and 63% at the femur). In all, 5.5% of participants reported growth disturbances after ACLR. CONCLUSION: Current practice patterns across the Atlantic remain varied and controversial. Consensus remains elusive; as such, research collaboration among societies will be important to develop an evidence-based treatment algorithm. The use of transphyseal tunnels has been reinforced. The number of cases of significant growth disturbance is minimal, yet worrisome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

Clinical and Epidemiologic Description of Orofacial Clefts in Bogota and Cali, Colombia, 2001-2015.

OBJECTIVES: Among congenital craniofacial anomalies, orofacial clefts (OFCs) are the most common. Global prevalence is 2 in 1000 and in Colombia, 1 in 700. Our goal was to describe cleft palate (CP) prevalence and cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) from 2001 to 2015 in Bogota and Cali, Colombia. METHOD: Using the ECLAMC case-control design method, information was obtained from the Congenital Anomalies Monitoring and Surveillance Programs in Bogota and Cali. We describe the prevalence of cases classified into the following groups: isolated, polymalformed, and syndromic. The proportion of cases and controls was 1:4. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution and Student t test to compare means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: We identified 529 OFC cases and 2116 controls from 448,930 births: a rate of 11.8 per 10,000 (CI = 10.80-12.83). From the total cases, 73% were identified with CL/CP compared to 27% with CP. Males had higher CL±P (59%) prevalence, whereas the highest neonatal mortality was observed among polymalformed cases (7%). The most common anomaly identified among our cases was cleft lip without isolated cleft palate (58%). We found that OFCs are linked to birthweight, size, and gestational age and higher parity with statistically significant differences in all variables compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS: OFC is a highly prevalent anomaly in Colombia, with a range of maternal and infant differences across case subgroups. The identification of important OFC subgroups that follow certain patterns of prevalence may prove useful to primary and tertiary care facilities with the goal of reducing further disability.

Proximal femoral fractures in centenarians. A retrospective analysis of 39 patients.

BACKGROUND: A corollary of the current population ageing in France is an increase in proximal femoral fractures (PFFs), particularly among centenarians. The outcomes of PFFs in centenarians in France are unknown. We therefore conducted a retrospective study of centenarians with PFFs both to assess: (1) assess clinical outcomes according to geriatric and trauma scores, (2) and to determine whether routine surgery is warranted. HYPOTHESIS: Morbidity and mortality in a single-centre cohort of centenarians with surgically treated PFFs are consistent with previous reports. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 33 women and 6 men aged 100 years or over who were treated surgically for PFFs at a single-centre between 2008 and 2014. Of the 39 patients, 15 were living at home and 24 in an institution at the time of the injury. Mean (range) values were 3.30 (0-7) for the Parker Mobility Score, 5.84 (0-12) for the Katz index, and 7.46 (2-12) for the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Mean time from injury to surgery was 1.7 days (0-12). The 26 extra-capsular fractures were managed by internal fixation and the 13 intra-capsular fractures by hip arthroplasty (n=12) or screw fixation (n=1). RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 23±14 months (6-60 months), 29 patients had died, including 3 within 48h, 10 within 3 months, and 15 within 1 year. Sequential mortality rates were 33.3% within the first 3 months, 26.9% from months 4 to 9, and 42.2% within the first year. Early dislocation occurred in 3 patients and surgical-site infection in 2 patients. Other complications were heart failure (n=1), confusional state (n=2), pneumonia (n=2), and pyelonephritis (n=2). DISCUSSION: A PubMed search identified five studies of PFFs in more than 10 centenarians, of which only 2 provided detailed information on postoperative general and local morbidity related to the surgical treatment. Our hypothesis was confirmed for 3-month and 1-year mortality rates, which were at the lower ends of previously reported ranges. Local complications related directly to surgery were considerably more common in our study. PFFs in centenarians carry a high risk of death. Despite the absence of a control group, our data support surgery as the best treatment option. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, retrospective study.

Description of Bogotá Birth Defects Surveillance and Follow-up Program.

Congenital anomalies contribute greatly to child mortality and physical disabilities. Strategies used around the world to reduce the frequency and impact of congenital anomalies require epidemiologic surveillance systems to verify their effectiveness. In Bogotá, Colombia, implementation of an accurate monitoring system has been challenging. METHODS: The Bogotá Congenital Malformations Surveillance Program (BCMSP) gathers data on malformations from 2 sources: (1) the National Public Health Surveillance System (SIVIGILA), applying methodology from the National Health Institute, and (2) cases and control logs from hospitals. RESULTS: Since the Secretaría Distrital de Salud was established in 2006, BCMSP has monitored 431,670 births, which have included 9,724 congenital malformations (approximately 2 percent of the cases). CONCLUSION: This report describes the methodology of the BCMSP, and presents specific key results.

Risk factors for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in the Bogota birth defects surveillance and follow-up program, Colombia.

PURPOSE: The mortality rate for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) remains high and prevention efforts are limited by the lack of known risk factors. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, risk factors, and neonatal results associated with CDH on a surveillance system hospital-based in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS: The data used in this study were obtained from The Bogota Birth Defects Surveillance and Follow-up Program (BBDSFP), between January 2001 and December 2013. With 386,419 births, there were 81 cases of CDH. A case-control methodology was conducted with 48 of the total cases of CDH and 192 controls for association analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of CDH was 2.1 per 10,000 births. In the case-control analysis, risk factors found were maternal age ≥35 years (OR, 33.53; 95 % CI, 7.02-160.11), infants with CDH were more likely to be born before 37 weeks of gestation (OR, 5.57; 95 % CI, 2.05-15.14), to weigh less than 2500 g at birth (OR, 9.05; 95 % CI, 3.51-23.32), and be small for gestational age (OR, 5.72; 95 % CI, 2.18-14.99) with a high rate of death before hospital discharge in the CDH population (CDH: 38 % vs BBDSFP: <1 %; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CDH calculated was similar to the one reported in the literature. CDH is strongly associated with a high rate of death before hospital discharge and the risk factors found were maternal age ≥35 years, preterm birth, be small for gestational age, and have low weight at birth. These neonatal characteristics in developing countries would help to identify early CDH. Prevention efforts have been limited by the lack of known risk factors and established epidemiological profiles, especially in developing countries.

[High altitude pulmonary edema. Physiopathologic considerations apropos of a case]. / Edema pulmonar de las alturas. Consideraciones fisiopatólogicas a propósito de un caso.

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) generally appears in persons who climb over 2,500 meters (8,300 feet) above sea level, or in residents at altitudes beyond 3,000 meters (10,000 feet) who go down to sea level for a short period of time and return to their place of residence. Although dozens of cases have been reported, their etiopathogenesis is unknown, although both hydrostatic and permeability factors have been implied in its genesis. In this paper we describe the first HAPE case reported in the national literature and the factors implied in its physiopathology are reviewed.