Transitory force decrease following a sudden reduction in stimulation frequency in motor units of rat medial gastrocnemius.

Effects of a sudden decrease in the stimulation frequency for motor unit force were studied in rat medial gastrocnemius. For 161 functionally isolated single motor units of three types (S, FR, FF), unfused tetanic contractions were evoked by three-phase trains of stimuli (low-high-low frequency). The course of the tetanus at the onset of the third phase of the force recording was analyzed in tetani with variable fusion degree. For 78 units within the third phase of tetanus, a transitory force decrease to a level lower than in the first phase (identical frequency), was observed. This phenomenon was more frequent for fast fatigue resistant (65.9%) than for fast fatigable and slow motor units (27.1% and 35.5%, respectively). Moreover, the force decrease was strongest for fast resistant motor units (up to 36.5%) and when contractions evoked at variable frequencies of stimulation were compared, the highest amplitudes of the studied force decrease were noted for middle-fused tetani (0.50-0.90). A new phenomenon of transitory force decrease in tetanic contractions of motor units with a decrease in stimulation frequency was found. Most probably, the phenomenon is dependent on disturbances in the force transmission by collagen surrounding active muscles fibers.

The Impact of Brain Breaks Classroom-Based Physical Activities on Attitudes toward Physical Activity in Polish School Children in Third to Fifth Grade.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Solutions in changing attitudes toward physical activity of school children in a community in Poland. In 2015, a sample of 326 pupils aged 9-11 years old from 19 classes at three selected primary schools were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups within the study. During the classes, children in the experimental group performed physical activities two times per day in three to five minutes using Brain Breaks® videos for four months, while the control group did not use the videos during the test period. Students' attitudes toward physical activities were assessed before and after the intervention using the "Attitudes toward Physical Activity Scale". Repeated measures of ANOVA were used to examine the change from pre- to post-intervention. Overall, a repeated measures ANOVA indicated time-by-group interaction effects in 'Self-efficacy on learning with video exercises', F(1.32) = 75.28, p = 0.00, η2 = 0.19. Although the changes are minor, there were benefits of the intervention. It may be concluded that HOPSports Brain Breaks® Physical Activity Program contributes to better self-efficacy on learning while using video exercise of primary school children.

[Terminology concerning intravenous ports]. / Próba usystematyzowania terminologii dotyczacej portów dozylnych.

Ports are more and more often applied with patients requiring the permanent intravenous access, not only in the cancer treatment. Very devices, as well as procedures associated with applying them are determined in the heterogeneous way. Therefore during the last conference "Intravenous Port--implantation, care, complications" an attempt to systematize the applied terminology was made.

Translumbar inferior vena cava cannulation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to review our three year experience with translumbar insertion of dialysis catheters. METHODS: In five adult patients (4 males and one female, mean age 45 yr), requiring dialysis due to end-stage chronic renal failure, the inferior vena cava was cannulated because of the impossibility of using any other approach. All procedures were performed under fluoroscopy. After visualisation of the inferior vena cava by injection of contrast medium into a peripheral vein, the vena cava was punctured with a 20 cm long needle, at the L3 level. The position of the needle was confirmed by injection of contrast medium, and the vein was then cannulated with a peel-away cannula, using a standard Seldinger technique. Subsequently, a pre-tunneled silastic catheter was introduced and secured. RESULTS: The catheters were used for from 3 to 10 months. No case of permanent catheter dysfunction was noted. Three episodes of temporary thrombosis, in two patients, were successfully treated with heparin and urokinase. Three catheters became contaminated, but they were treated without the necessity for catheter removal. CONCLUSION: The described method is a safe and effective way of securing haemodialysis access in patients where a standard approach is not possible.

[Translumbar cannulation of vena cava inferior as an alternative method of vascular access for hemodialysis]. / Przezledzwiowa kaniulacja zyly glównej dolnej jako alternatywny dostep naczyniowy do hemodializ.

The aim of our report is description of the first in Poland translumbar cannulation of vena cava inferior used as an alternative vascular access for hemodialysis in 62 years old patient without further access for hemodialysis and no access for peritoneal dialysis.

Successful treatment of gastric fistula following rhabdomyolysis after vertical banded gastroplasty.

Vertical banded gastroplasty is a gastric restrictive operation which has been performed with very satisfactory results in our department. We present a 46 year-old male with BMI 48, who experienced rhabdomyolsis after a VBG operation, complicated by perforation of an upper pouch ulcer and subsequent gastric fistula. Cardiac and renal failure occurred, necessitating intensive therapy with catecholamines, diuretics and hemodialysis. The patient underwent multiple operations, drainage of a retroperitoneal abscess, suture of a perforated ulcer, and gastric decompression by a gastrostomy. Prolonged treatment including TPN, drainage, broad spectrum antibiotics, skin and would protection and jejunostomy feeding, were necessary to obtain an eventual successful outcome. This case demonstrates that unexpected surgical complications may occur in morbidly obese patients and how difficult and long the management of these may be. Rhabdomyolsis is a potentially life-threatening complication of bariatric surgery, and careful postoperative observation of the patient is mandatory.