Using of Hot Red Bean Bag on the Symptoms of Depression, Sleep, and Fatigue in Stroke Patients.

Background: Symptoms of depression, sleep, and fatigue in stroke patients are associated with each other, and intervention development for improving of these symptoms is needed. This study aimed to examine the effects of hot red bean bag on depression, sleep state, sleep satisfaction, and fatigue among Korean stroke patients. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was employed. The study participants included 57 stroke patients (Intervention: n=28, Control: n=29) in a hospital in Seoul, South Korea from Aug 2017 to Mar 2018. Hot red bean bag, as an intervention, was heated in a 2,450 MHz microwave oven for 3 min, and applied for 30 min at 41±6 °C in the lower limbs of the intervention group for 5 days. Results: There were statistically significant differences on depression (P<0.001), sleep state (P<0.001), sleep satisfaction (P<0.001), and total fatigue (P<0.001) between the two groups. Conclusion: Hot red bean bag was an effective intervention for decreasing depression and total/subcategories fatigue, and for improving sleep state and sleep satisfaction of Korean stroke patients. Research on complementary and alternative therapies for stroke patients needs be studied continuously.

Effects of Qigong Therapy on the Psychological Well-Being, Physical Health State, Sleep State, and Life Satisfaction of Older Adults Living in Community.

Older adults living in a community are looking for alternative and complementary methods to improve their healthy longevity and quality of life. This study aimed to examine the effects of the Qigong therapy on psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The study samples were 69 older adults (intervention, n = 34; control, n = 35) over 65 years old in community in South Korea. Qigong therapy was performed 50 minutes per session, twice a week for a total of 20 times over a 10-week period in a comfortable and quiet environment without external noise. Measures were the study participant's general characteristics survey, psychological well-being scale, Cornell Medical Index-Korean version, sleep scale, and life satisfaction scale standardized for the elderly. Effects of Qigong therapy according to interaction effect over time and the group showed statistically significant differences in psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction. This study suggests that Qigong therapy was an effective nursing intervention for improving the psychological well-being, physical health state, sleep state, and life satisfaction of older adults living in community.

Influences of communication ability, organizational intimacy, and trust among colleagues on job satisfaction of nurses in comprehensive nursing care service units.

Background: Communication abilities, organizational intimacy, trust among colleagues, and job satisfaction of nurses in comprehensive nursing care service units are emphasized more than any other ward, and research on this is necessary. Objective: The study was to examine the influences of communication ability, organizational intimacy, and trust among colleagues on the job satisfaction of nurses in the comprehensive nursing care service units. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. The participants were 155 nurses caring for patients in the comprehensive nursing care service units in Seoul. Measures included the general characteristics of study participants, communication ability, organizational intimacy, trust among colleagues, and job satisfaction. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN version 27.0 program. The data collection period was from August to September 2022. Results: Factors influencing the job satisfaction of nurses at the comprehensive nursing care service units were organizational intimacy (ß = 0.36), communication abilities (ß = 0.26), trust among colleagues (ß = 0.22), and the average number of patients assigned to a nurse (ß = -0.19), which explained 67% of the variance. Conclusions: Organizational intimacy was the greatest factor influencing the job satisfaction of nurses in the comprehensive nursing care service units. To increase the job satisfaction of ward nurses working in the comprehensive nursing care service, securing manpower is required, and it is necessary to provide effective nursing care with an average number of patients of 5 or less. In particular, a systematic job training program is needed to increase organizational intimacy among team nurses.

Factors influencing coping skills of middle-aged adults in COVID-19, South Korea.

Background: In light of the persistent COVID-19 pandemic, there is a compelling imperative to enhance the COVID-19 coping capacity among middle-aged adults within the South Korean population. Consequently, there is a need for further research endeavors in this area. Objective: This study aims to explore and identify the factors influencing the coping skills of middle-aged adults in COVID-19, South Korea. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Participants were 147 middle-aged adults living in Seoul, Geounggi-do, and Chungchung-do in South Korea. Data included demographics, coping skills, the impact of the event, perceived health status, psychological wellbeing, and family support. The data were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 25.0 program. Data were collected from March to July 2020. Results: The regression model was significant (F = 13.56, p < 0.001), and the adjusted R-squared representing the explanatory power of the model was 0.63. The strongest predictor was perceived health status (ß = 0.34), followed by family support (ß = 0.31), impact of event (ß = -0.24), underlying disease (ß = -0.13), and economic status (ß = 0.11). Conclusion: This study suggests that to improve the coping skills of middle-aged adults with COVID-19, their perceived health status and family support should be strengthened, and the impact of the event should be decreased. Also, it needs that underlying diseases are managed and economic status is improved. Nurses need to pay more attention to the influencing factors to improve the coping skills of middle-aged adults in COVID-19, South Korea.

Factors influencing multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students.

BACKGROUND: South Korea has already become a multicultural society due to immigration, marriage, and employment of foreigners, and the use of medical institutions by foreigners is increasing. In order to establish a therapeutic rapport relationship with foreigners, it is necessary to study multicultural acceptance. This study aimed to examine and identify the factors influencing the degree of multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Study participants included 147 nursing students at University in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Data included demographics, multicultural acceptance, cultural empathy, and multicultural attitude. Data were collected from March to June 2021. Data was analyzed using linear regression model in SPSS PC + version 23.0 statistical software program. RESULTS: The adjusted R-squared representing the explanatory power of the model was 72.5%. The strongest predictor was cultural empathy (ß = 0.55, P < 0.001), followed by multicultural attitude (ß = 0.26, P = 0.001), residential area where they lived for the past 5 years (ß = 0.19, P = 0.001), accessibility to multicultural internet and media (ß = 0.17, P = 0.003), whether they have foreign friends (ß = 0.16, P = 0.003), and multicultural education experience (ß = 0.02, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that to improve the degree of multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students, their cultural empathy and multicultural attitude should be strengthened. Nurses need to pay attention the influencing factors to improve the multicultural acceptance of Korean nursing students.

The Effects of Nurses' Perception of the Older Adults and Work Stress on Nursing Competency of Nurses Who Care for Older Adult Patients at General Hospital.

The older adult population is rapidly increasing in South Korea, and hospitalization at general hospitals is increasing too. Therefore, nurses working at general hospitals need the nursing competency for older adult patients. The study was conducted to examine the effects of nurses' perception of the older adults and work stress on the nursing competency of nurses at a general hospital, South Korea. A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design was employed. Participants were a total of 136 nurses working at a general hospital located in Seoul, South Korea. Measures used in the study were the study participants' general characteristics survey, Korean version of the Attitude Toward Old People Scale (KAOPS), the work stress scale, and the nursing competency scale. Data were collected from February to March, 2021. The regression model was statistically significant, and the explanatory power of the regression model was 33%. The significant factors affecting nursing competency were education level, perception of the older adults, and work stress. The greatest affecting factor was education level, followed by perception of the older adults and work stress in order. Nurses caring for older adult patients at general hospitals should pay attention to affecting factors to help improve the nursing competency in clinical practice. Managers should improve relevant policies to ensure that nurses have more opportunities to participate in the practical training of older adult care and explore effective training methods to improve the nurses' perception of older adults.

Path model on decision-making ability of clinical nurses.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To identify and examine the relationship between the factors influencing the decision-making ability of clinical nurses in hospitals, South Korea, and to establish a model, to verify the fit and the effect. BACKGROUND: Clinical nurses are exposed to environments and situations where they make continuous decisions according to the need of direct treatment and nursing. DESIGN: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design, relation prediction modelling and adheres to the STROBE guidelines. METHODS: The model construction was based on the information processing theory by Hansen and Thomas (Nursing Research, 17, 436, 1968). The model consists of 5 exogenous variables (expertise, critical thinking disposition, knowledge-sharing behaviour, nursing work environment, and decision-making stress) and 3 endogenous variables (analytic-systematic decision-making type, intuitive-interpretive decision-making type and decision-making ability). Participants were 274 clinical nurses, who were working at two hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. The data was analysed using SPSS WIN 18.0 and AMOS 20.0 program. Path analysis to verify the hypothetical model was used, and the fit was evaluated by χ2 /df, GFI, AGFI, NFI, CFI and RMSEA. Data were collected from March to May 2017. RESULTS: The fit index of the modified path model was χ2 /df = 2.25, GFI = .972, AGFI = .929, NFI = .967, CFI = .981 and RMSEA = .068. The analytic-systematic decision-making type had the greatest direct effect on the clinical nurses' decision-making ability, which is the final outcome variable, followed by significant direct and indirect effects on critical thinking disposition. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the clinical nurses' decision-making ability in hospitals were leadingly influenced by analytic-systematic decision-making type and critical thinking disposition. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In the nursing practice, nurses need to pay attention the analytic-systematic decision-making type and critical thinking disposition for improving decision-making ability of clinical nurses in hospitals.

Relationships between Violence Experience, Resilience, and the Nursing Performance of Emergency Room Nurses in South Korea.

In urgent situations where tensions and conflicts are amplified, emergency room nurses are vulnerable to violence and are exposed to dangerous situations because they are confronted by patients or caregivers. This study sought to examine the relationship between violence experience, resilience, and nursing performance among emergency room nurses in South Korea. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The study participants included 130 nurses working in the emergency room of a general hospital. Measures included the general characteristics list, the violence experience tool, the resilience tool, and the nursing performance tool. Data were collected from February to March 2021. In this study, among the forms of violence experienced by emergency room nurses, verbal violence was most prevalent. The violence experiences showed significant differences according to age, clinical experience, work experience in the emergency room, position, and job satisfaction. Resilience displayed significant differences according to marital status, clinical experience, position, average monthly salary, and job satisfaction. Nursing performance showed significant differences based on gender, age, marital status, clinical experience, work experience in the emergency room, position, average monthly salary, and job satisfaction. There was a positive correlation between resilience and nursing performance. This study suggests that emergency room nurses in Korea experienced more verbal violence than other types of violence. The violence experiences, resilience, and nursing performance showed significant differences according to the general and job-related characteristics of the study participants. Concrete strategies and interventions to reduce the frequency of experiences of verbal violence among emergency room nurses, increase their resilience, and improve the nursing performance of emergency room nurses are needed.

A Concept Analysis of Nurses' Clinical Decision Making: Implications for Korea.

The study's purpose was to identify the meaning and the attributes of Korean nurses' clinical decision making. A sequential and systematic literature review with reflection according to the conceptual analysis method of Walker and Avant was used in this study. Data sources included the National Assembly Library, the National Digital Science Library, ProQuest, PubMed, MEDLINE, and CINAHL. Finally, twenty-six articles were included in this concept analysis. The concept of Korean nurses' clinical decision making consisted of the following attributes: clinical reasoning, choosing and applying challenging alternatives, and professional assessment and resetting. Antecedents consisted of: recognizing complex and diverse patient situations with high uncertainty, the need to solve problems according to priority, prior experience in clinical decision making, and interrelationships with fellow medical staff. Consequences consisted of: providing high-quality nursing services, improving the patient's safety, and increased satisfaction with clinical decision making. Based on these results, the conceptual attributes of Korean nurses' clinical decision making had slightly different characteristics but were organically interrelated. The results of analyzing the concept of Korean nurses' clinical decision making provide a better understanding of it and contribute to expanding nursing knowledge and developing a valid and reliable measurement.

Relationship between End-of-Life Care Stress, Death Anxiety, and Self-Efficacy of Clinical Nurses in South Korea.

In South Korea, the number of cancer patients continues to rise, indicating that nurses have greater access to end-of-life care in clinical settings. This study examined the relationship between the end-of-life care stress, death anxiety, and self-efficacy of clinical nurses in South Korea. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. Participants were 124 nurses working in university hospitals. Data included the general characteristics of study participants, end-of-life care stress, death anxiety, and self-efficacy. Data were collected from February to March 2021. This study shows that the degrees of end-of-life care stress and death anxiety of clinical nurses in South Korea were higher than the median values. Married nurses had higher self-efficacy than unmarried, and there was a difference between bedside and administrative nurses' self-efficacy. Nurses with no experience of end-of-life care nursing education had higher death anxiety than nurses with experience. The higher the end-of-life care stress of nurses, the higher the death anxiety. The study suggests that therapeutic and detailed educational programs to reduce end-of-life care stress and death anxiety of clinical nurses are needed, and experimental research to verify this. The results can contribute to countries as an additional and enriching reference.

Factors Influencing Turnover Intention Among Operating Room Nurses in South Korea.

BACKGROUND: Operating room nurses experience verbal abuse, high levels of job stress, and burnout that may increase turnover intention. PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate and identify factors influencing turnover intention among operating room nurses in South Korea. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. The sample included 193 nurses, all of whom had over 3 months of work experience at operating rooms in hospitals in Seoul, South Korea. Measures used included the Verbal Abuse Experience Scale, Job Stress Scale, Burnout Scale, and Turnover Intention Scale. RESULTS: Burnout was found to have the greatest influence on turnover intention (ß = .34, p < .001), followed by verbal abuse (ß = -.23, p = .004), job stress (ß = .22, p = .001), age (ß = -20, p = .032), and job satisfaction (ß = -.14, p = .020). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings support burnout and verbal abuse, respectively, as the most significant and second most significant predictors of turnover intention among operating room nurses in South Korea. These factors should be proactively and effectively addressed to reduce turnover intention in this important group of healthcare professionals.

Factors Affecting the Academic Achievement of Nursing College Students in a Flipped Learning Simulation Practice.

A flipped learning simulation practice is composed of two parts. First, it involves learning a practical subject in advance via video in a place other than the classroom, then performing a simulation practice consisting of pre-learning, simulation, and debriefing sections. This study was performed to determine and confirm the factors affecting the level of academic achievement of nursing college students in a flipped learning simulation practice. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. The participants were 160 nursing students who had experience of a flipped learning simulation practice in a nursing college in South Korea. The factors measured were the general characteristics of the participants, the participants' academic achievement, the analysis ability of the flipped learning class, the participants' self-directed learning preparation, the participants' self-efficacy, and the participants' learning satisfaction. Data were collected from September to November, 2019. As a result of the analysis, we found that the factor that had the greatest influence on the academic achievement of nursing students was self-efficacy, followed by gender, flipped learning education experience, learning satisfaction, age, and the analysis ability of the flipped learning class. In the nursing practicum, nursing educators need to pay attention to the use of flipped learning simulation practice and the factors affecting the academic achievement of nursing college students. In flipped learning simulation practice, specific interventions and strategies are required to improve the academic achievement of nursing college students.

Effects of Simulation Practicum Using Flipped Learning for Korean Nursing Students.

This study aimed to examine the effects of simulation practicum using flipped learning on nursing competency, core basic nursing skill (subcutaneous injection) performance, self-efficacy, and learning satisfaction of Korean nursing students. This study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design. The samples used were from 101 nursing students (Intervention 1: n = 34; Intervention 2: n = 34; Control: n = 33) over 20 years old in G provinces, Korea. For the experimental interventions, participants in the intervention group 1 were applied by simulation practicum using flipped learning, and those in intervention group 2 were applied by simulation practicum. Participants in the control group were applied by lecture-based practicum using a model. The measures were the study participants' general characteristics survey, the nursing competency scale, the core basic nursing skill (subcutaneous injection) performance scale, the self-efficacy scale, and the learning satisfaction scale. There were statistically significant differences in nursing competency, core basic nursing skill (subcutaneous injection) performance, self-efficacy, and the learning satisfaction among the three groups. It was seen in this study that simulation practicum using flipped learning was the most effective teaching and learning method for the nursing practicum of Korean nursing students. The simulation practicum using flipped learning can be useful in providing nursing practicum to nursing students.

A structural model for quality of life of alcoholics.

AIMS: To investigate the factors affecting the quality of life of alcoholics and to identify the relationships between these factors to establish and verify a hypothetical model for the quality of life of alcoholics. DESIGN: Covariance structure analysis using structural equation model. METHODS: Participants were 223 adults who were hospitalized at alcohol addiction treatment centre after being diagnosed with alcoholism in Gyunggi-do, South Korea. Data included the general characteristics of study participants, depression, abstinence self-efficacy, stress level, stress coping strategy, social support and quality of life. Data were collected from March - 28 May 2016 and were analysed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0. RESULTS: The factors affecting the quality of life of alcoholics included alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (ß = 0.37, t = 4.56), stress copying strategy (ß = 0.23, t = 2.37), stress level (ß = -0.20, t = -2.08) and social support (ß = 0.14, t = 2.52). Factor analysis and statistical significance level was used for model coefficients and t-value estimation. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that to improve the quality of life of alcoholics, their alcohol abstinence self-efficacy should be increased, measures to improve their stress coping strategy and ability should be prepared, their stress level should be lowered and the social support system perceived by them should be strengthened. Health professionals need to pay attention to the affecting factors to improve the quality of life of alcoholics. IMPACT: Alcoholism is emerging as a social problem, not just an individual problem. Alcohol abstinence self-efficacy had the greatest direct effect on the quality of life of alcoholics, followed by stress coping strategy, stress level and social support, which had significant direct effects. Depression had significant indirect effect on the quality of life of alcoholics. Health professionals need to pay attention to the affecting factors to improve the quality of life of alcoholics in clinical practice or community fields.

Factors Influencing Disaster-Incident-Related Impacts on Korean Nursing Students.

The frequency of earthquakes in South Korea is increasing. This study aimed to examine and identify the factors influencing the degree of disaster-incident-related impacts among Korean nursing students who have actual disaster experience. The study sample consisted of 153 nursing students living around the Phohang-si area in Gyeongsang-do, South Korea, and who have actual disaster-incident-related experience. Measures used in this study were the Impact of Event Scale, Perceived Health Status Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Coping Strategy Indicator (Korean version). The data collection period was from October to December 2018. Factors that influence disaster-incident-related impacts among Korean nursing students in descending order are as follows: perceived health status (ß = 0.48), gender (ß = -0.28), coping skill (ß = 0.18), psychological well-being (ß = 0.14), need for disaster education (ß = 0.12), and major satisfaction (ß = -0.12). This study provides preliminary evidence that perceived health status is a major and primary predictor of disaster-incident-related impacts among Korean nursing students, followed by coping skill and psychological well-being. The findings can be reflected in a pertinent curriculum by actively considering these factors in designing nursing education interventions for managing disaster-incident-related impacts among Korean nursing students.