Dietary rutin alleviated the damage by cold stress on inflammation reaction, tight junction protein and intestinal microbial flora in the mice intestine.

Low temperature is a common stress source for the poultry industry in the north of China. However, the low energy consuming and economical way to reduce the negative effects from cold stress is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of rutin on intestinal barrier in mice under low temperature. The cold stress model was established at 4°C for 3 h each day and the experiment lasted for 21 days. Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four treatments: CON, normal temperature with the basal diet; RUT, normal temperature with the basal diet +150 mg/kg body weight (BW) of rutin; CS, mice under cold stress with basal diet; CR, 150 mg/kg of BW rutin under cold stress. Rutin supplementation significantly increased the ileum villus-to-crypt ratio compared with these non-supplemented treatments. Rutin attenuated the hypothermia induced morphological damage in the ileum. In addition, rutin improved the antioxidant capacity of mice under cold stress. Rutin supplementation significantly increased the trypsin activity and inhibited the lipase in cold stressed mice. Rutin supplementation significantly inhibited the production of inflammatory factors induced by cold stress. Rutin induced the inhibition of TLR4 and NF-кB, thereby reducing the expression of inflammation-related genes. In addition, rutin improved the reduction of the intestinal claudin-1 and occludin expression in those mice in the cold stress (P < .05) and improved the intestinal ZO-1 expression in cold stressed mice. Finally, rutin alleviated the dysregulation of intestinal microflora in the mice under cold stress.

Dietary pterostilbene exerts potential protective effects by regulating lipid metabolism and enhancing antioxidant capacity on liver in broilers.

Intensive breeding of broilers met the increasing demands of human for broiler products, but it raised their increased susceptibility to various stressors resulting in the disorder of lipid metabolism. Pterostilbene, the methoxylated analogue of resveratrol, exhibits astonishing functions of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and glycolipid regulatory. The study aimed to elucidate the protective effects of pterostilbene on broiler liver and to explore the potential mechanisms. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (basal diet) and pterostilbene groups (PT200, PT400, and PT600 feeding with basal diet containing 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg pterostilbene, respectively). The results showed that the dietary pterostilbene supplementation significantly improved the ADG of broilers. Dietary pterostilbene supplementation regulated the expression levels of the genes Sirt1 and AMPK and the downstream genes related to lipid metabolism to protect liver function and reduce lipid accumulation in broilers. Dietary pterostilbene supplementation upregulated the expression levels of the Nrf2 gene and its downstream antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX) and phase II detoxification enzyme-related genes (GST, GCLM, GCLC). Collectively, pterostilbene was confirmed the positive effects as a feed additive on lipid metabolism and antioxidant via regulating Sirt1/AMPK and Nrf2 signalling pathways in broilers.

Curcumin: a potential exogenous additive for the prevention of LPS-induced duck ileitis by the alleviation of inflammation and oxidative stress.

BACKGROUND: Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are the main pathogenic substances in Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of dietary curcumin (CUR) on LPS toxicity in the duck ileum. The duck diet was supplemented with CUR (0.5 g kg-1 ) for 28 days, while the birds were injected with LPS (0.5 mg kg-1 body weight per injection, administered as seven injections in the last week of the experimental period). RESULTS: LPS significantly decreased the ileal villus-to-crypt ratio in the non-supplemented CUR group. Dietary CUR alleviated LPS-induced morphological damage to the ileum. Moreover, dietary CUR alleviated oxidative stress by increasing the levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (P < 0.05) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (P < 0.05) and decreasing the production of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05) in control ducks and LPS-challenged ducks. Dietary CUR significantly inhibited the LPS-induced massive production of inflammatory factors (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) (P < 0.05). CUR induced the inhibition of TLR4 and activation of Nrf2 to reduce the expression of inflammation-related genes (TLR4, NF-κB, IKK, TXNIP, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α). Moreover, dietary CUR ameliorated the decrease in claudin-1 and occludin expression (P < 0.05) and improved ZO-1 expression in the duck ileum (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, dietary CUR has beneficial effects on LPS-induced ileal damage, oxidative damage, and inflammatory response by inhibiting the TLR/NF-κB and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathways in ducks. This study provides valuable information regarding the therapeutic uses of CUR in duck ileitis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.