Vertebroplasty - a new treatment for vertebral compression fractures.

BACKGROUND: The lifetime risk of a vertebral body compression fracture is 16% for women and 5% for men. Vertebroplastyn involves the injection of artificial bone cement and an opacifier into the inter-trabecular marrow space of the fractured vertebra. OBJECTIVE: This article describes vertebroplasty as a treatment of vertebral compression fractures. DISCUSSION: Treatment for vertebral compression fractures regardless of aetiology has been largely conservative and directed toward pain control. Vertebroplasty has gained popularity since 1987 for treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty is a safe, effective, and cost effective procedure when performed in an appropriate technical environment by adequately trained interventional radiologists.

Follow-up costs increase the cost disparity between endovascular and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the hospital and follow-up costs of patients who have undergone endovascular (EVAR) or open (OR) elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. METHODS: The records of 195 patients (EVAR, n = 55; OR, n = 140) who underwent elective aortic aneurysm repair between 1995 and 2004 were reviewed. Primary costing data were analyzed for 54 EVAR and 135 OR patients. Hospital costs were divided into preoperative, operative, and postoperative costs. Follow-up costs for EVAR patients were recorded, with a median follow-up time of 12 months. RESULTS: Mean preoperative costs were slightly higher in the EVAR group (AU $961/US $733 vs AU $869/US $663; not significant). Operative costs were significantly higher in the EVAR group (AU $16,124/US $12,297 vs AU $6077/US $4635; P < .001); this was entirely due to the increased cost of the endograft (AU $10,181/US $7,765 for EVAR vs AU $476/US $363 for OR). Postoperative costs were significantly reduced in the EVAR group (AU $4719/US $3599 vs AU $11,491/US $8,764; P < .001). Total hospital costs were significantly greater in the EVAR group (AU $21,804/US $16,631 vs AU $18,437/US $14,063; P < .001). The increase in total hospital costs was due to a significant difference in graft costs, which was not offset by reduced postoperative costs. The average follow-up cost per year after EVAR was AU $1316/US $999. At 1 year of follow-up, EVAR remained significantly more expensive than OR (AU $23,120/US $17,640 vs AU $18,510/US $14,122; P < .001); this cost discrepancy increased with a longer follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: EVAR results in significantly greater hospital costs compared with OR, despite reduced hospital and intensive care unit stays. The inclusion of follow-up costs further increases the cost disparity between EVAR and OR. Because EVAR requires lifelong surveillance and has a high rate of reintervention, follow-up costs must be included in any cost comparison of EVAR and OR. The economic cost, as well as the efficacy, of new technologies such as EVAR must be addressed before their widespread use is advocated.