Small mammals from the Caatinga: A dataset for the Brazilian semiarid biome.

The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome, and is the largest and most biodiverse Seasonal Tropical Dry Forest in the world. Despite that, the mammalian fauna, especially small mammals, is the least studied of all Brazilian biomes. In order to fill gaps and provide detailed information on small mammals (Didelphimorphia, Rodentia) in the Caatinga biome, we compiled reliable records focusing on richness, composition and some biometric data. These records came from mammal collections, papers, theses, books, and unpublished data, prioritizing records with vouchers housed in scientific collections. We compiled a total of 3133 records from 816 locations, resulting in a richness of 47 native species (12 marsupials and 35 rodents, plus three exotic rodents, Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, and Mus musculus). This dataset includes records of three new species for the biome and its transition zone: the rodents Calomys mattevii, Holochilus oxe, and Nectomys squamipes. Of the total number of records, 1808 (57.71%) are from consulting activities, 95 (3.03%) are from zoonoses studies and 104 (3.32%) are from the National Plague Service (SNP). All nine Brazilian states with territory in the Caatinga have sampling data for small mammals, but the number of records and localities are unevenly distributed, with the state of Rio Grande do Norte having the lowest number of records and locations sampled. Our dataset is the first of its kind for the Caatinga biome and has considerable potential value for studies of habitat use, landscape ecology, macroecology, biogeography, and conservation. There are no copyright restrictions on the data. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.

Undernutrition impairs the quality of growth plate and trabecular and cortical bones in growing rats1.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of dietary restriction on the growth plate and long bone tissue in growing rats. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (Con) and Diet-restricted (Res). After weaning, the Res rats were offered 50% of the chow ingested by the control (ad libitum food intake). The animals were subdivided into two subgroups with follow-ups up to 56 or 70 days. After euthanasia, the growth plate of tibias was analyzed by histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography, and mechanical test. The trabecular and compact bones were evaluated by histomorphometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and micro-computed tomography (µCT). Real-time PCR was used to analyze gene expression. RESULTS: Although dietary restriction did not alter gene expression, several phenotypic changes were seen in the growth plate; i.e., decrease in volume, reduction in total area and height, decrease in the area ossified zones, mechanical weakening, reduction in mass of trabecular and cortical bone, lower bone density, deterioration of the trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, and trabeculae with lower collagen deposition. CONCLUSION: Dietary restriction had severe detrimental effects on the growth plate and trabecular and cortical bone.

Bone callus formation is highly disrupted by dietary restriction in growing rats sustaining a femoral fracture1.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of food restriction on fracture healing in growing rats. METHODS: Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Dietary restriction. After weaning the dietary restricted animals were fed ad libitum for 42 days with 50% of the standard chow ingested by the control group. Subsequently, the animals underwent bone fracture at the diaphysis of the right femur, followed by surgical stabilization of bone fragments. On days 14 and 28 post-fracture, the rats were euthanized, and the fractured femurs were dissected, the callus was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, mechanical tests, and gene expression. RESULTS: Dietary restriction decreased body mass gain and resulted in several phenotypic changes at the bone callus (a delay in cell proliferation and differentiation, lower rate of newly formed bone and collagen deposition, reductions in bone callus density and size, decrease in tridimensional callus volume, deterioration in microstructure, and reduction in bone callus strength), together with the downregulated expression of osteoblast-related genes. CONCLUSION: Dietary restriction had detrimental effects on osseous healing, with a healing delay and a lower quality of bone callus formation.

Bone callus formation is highly disrupted by dietary restriction in growing rats sustaining a femoral fracture

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of food restriction on fracture healing in growing rats. Methods: Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned to two groups: (1) Control and (2) Dietary restriction. After weaning the dietary restricted animals were fed ad libitum for 42 days with 50% of the standard chow ingested by the control group. Subsequently, the animals underwent bone fracture at the diaphysis of the right femur, followed by surgical stabilization of bone fragments. On days 14 and 28 post-fracture, the rats were euthanized, and the fractured femurs were dissected, the callus was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, mechanical tests, and gene expression. Results: Dietary restriction decreased body mass gain and resulted in several phenotypic changes at the bone callus (a delay in cell proliferation and differentiation, lower rate of newly formed bone and collagen deposition, reductions in bone callus density and size, decrease in tridimensional callus volume, deterioration in microstructure, and reduction in bone callus strength), together with the downregulated expression of osteoblast-related genes. Conclusion: Dietary restriction had detrimental effects on osseous healing, with a healing delay and a lower quality of bone callus formation.

Undernutrition impairs the quality of growth plate and trabecular and cortical bones in growing rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of dietary restriction on the growth plate and long bone tissue in growing rats. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Control (Con) and Diet-restricted (Res). After weaning, the Res rats were offered 50% of the chow ingested by the control (ad libitum food intake). The animals were subdivided into two subgroups with follow-ups up to 56 or 70 days. After euthanasia, the growth plate of tibias was analyzed by histomorphometry, micro-computed tomography, and mechanical test. The trabecular and compact bones were evaluated by histomorphometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and micro-computed tomography (μCT). Real-time PCR was used to analyze gene expression. Results: Although dietary restriction did not alter gene expression, several phenotypic changes were seen in the growth plate; i.e., decrease in volume, reduction in total area and height, decrease in the area ossified zones, mechanical weakening, reduction in mass of trabecular and cortical bone, lower bone density, deterioration of the trabecular and cortical microarchitecture, and trabeculae with lower collagen deposition. Conclusion: Dietary restriction had severe detrimental effects on the growth plate and trabecular and cortical bone.

Percepção de estudantes sobre pesquisas científicas com animais / Student knowledge about the use of animals in scientific research / Percepción de estudiantes sobre las investigaciones científicas con animales

Resumo Embora informações relativas à bioética sejam frequentemente veiculadas na mídia, são ainda pouco exploradas no ambiente escolar. Partindo dessa premissa, procurou-se verificar conhecimentos e ideias de grupo de educandos de duas escolas do Rio de Janeiro por meio de questionário em que puderam se posicionar sobre a temática "uso de animais em pesquisas". Após análise dos dados, verificou-se que o conhecimento dos alunos é fragmentado e que pouco parece ter sido construído em ambiente escolar. Contudo, os alunos demonstraram interesse, ainda que parte deles não tivesse opinião formada sobre o tema. Os resultados mostram que o docente consciente de seu papel se torna instrumento para a formação de cidadãos críticos e que a reflexão dos alunos sobre a bioética é ainda pouco estimulada, o que pode influenciar negativamente as tomadas de decisão em sociedade.

Abstract Although the media has currently presented information on Bioethics, it is still poorly explored in school environments. Based on this, we decided to check the knowledge and ideas of students from two schools in the City of Rio de Janeiro. A questionnaire was applied and the students could comment on the theme "use of animals in scientific research". After analyzing the data, we verified that the students' knowledge is fragmented and that little of this knowledge seems to have been constructed in the school. However, the students showed interest in the subject, although some of them had no clear opinion about it. Our results show that the teacher who is aware of his role becomes an instrument for the formation of critical citizens, and that the reflection of the students about Bioethics is still nor encouraged enough, which can negatively influence decision-making in society.

Resumen Aunque las informaciones relativas a la bioética aparecen con frecuencia en los medios de comunicación, son aún poco exploradas en el entorno escolar. Partiendo de esta premisa, se trató de verificar el conocimiento y las ideas de un grupo de estudiantes de dos escuelas de Río de Janeiro, por medio de un cuestionario en el que pudieron posicionarse sobre el tema "uso de animales en la investigación científica". Luego del análisis de datos, se pudo constatar que el conocimiento de los estudiantes es fragmentado y que poco parece haber sido construido en el entorno escolar. Sin embargo, los estudiantes han mostrado interés, aunque parte de ellos no tuviese una opinión formada sobre el tema. Los resultados muestran que el docente consciente de su papel se convierte en un instrumento para la formación de ciudadanos críticos, y que la reflexión de los estudiantes sobre la bioética es todavía poco estimulada, lo que puede influir negativamente en la toma de decisiones en la sociedad.

New records of mites (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in two Brazilian biomes: Pantanal and Caatinga.

A first survey of mite species that ectoparasitize bats in the states of Ceará and Mato Grosso was conducted. The specimens of bats and their mites were collected in areas of the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. A total of 450 spinturnicids representing two genera and ten species was collected from 15 bat species in the Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Serra das Almas, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil and 138 spinturnicids represented by two genera and four species were found in seven bats species collected in Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil. The occurrence of Cameronieta genus and the species Mesoperiglischrus natali as well as four new associations (Periglischrus iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; P. micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus - Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) are registered for the first time in Brazil.

New records of mites (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associated with bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) in two Brazilian biomes: Pantanal and Caatinga / Novos registros de ácaros (Acari: Spinturnicidae) associados com morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) em dois biomas brasileiros: Pantanal e Caatinga

Abstract A first survey of mite species that ectoparasitize bats in the states of Ceará and Mato Grosso was conducted. The specimens of bats and their mites were collected in areas of the Caatinga and Pantanal biomes. A total of 450 spinturnicids representing two genera and ten species was collected from 15 bat species in the Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Serra das Almas, Ceará State, Northeast Brazil and 138 spinturnicids represented by two genera and four species were found in seven bats species collected in Private Reserve of the Natural Patrimony Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Central-Western Brazil. The occurrence of Cameronieta genus and the species Mesoperiglischrus natali as well as four new associations (Periglischrus iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; P. micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus – Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) are registered for the first time in Brazil.

Resumo Ácaros ectoparasitos de morcegos são reportados pela primeira vez para os Estados do Ceará e Mato Grosso. Os espécimes de morcegos com seus ectoparasitos foram coletados em áreas dos biomas Caatinga e Pantanal. Foi coletado o total de 450 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e dez espécies sobre 15 espécies de morcegos na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Serra das Almas, Ceará, Nordeste Brasileiro e em sete espécies de morcegos coletadas na Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Sesc Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste Brasileiro foram encontrados 138 espinturnicídeos representados por dois gêneros e quatro espécies. A ocorrência do gênero Cameronieta e da espécie Mesoperiglischrus natali, além de quatro novas associações (P. iheringi - Chiroderma vizottoi; Periglischrus micronycteridis - Micronycteris sanborni; P. paracutisternus – Trachops cirrhosus; Spinturnix americanus - Myotis riparius) são registradas pela primeira vez no Brasil.

Cartografias de exclusão e inclusão de pessoas com sofrimento mental nos processos de territorialização da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental / Cartographies of exclusion and inclusion of people with mental suffering the territorialization processes of the national politics concerning mental health / Cartografías de exclusión e inclusión de las personas con sufrimiento mental en casos de territorialización de la Política Nacional de Salud Mental

Este artigo apresenta reflexões acerca dos processos de exclusão/inclusão de pessoas com sofrimento mental grave em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II (CAPS II) no contexto de territorialização da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental. O campo de pesquisa é o CAPS II e o referencial teórico teve como base os estudos de Michel Foucault e de Doreen Massey. O material empírico é constituído por documentos e prontuários de cinco usuários do CAPS II. Para a análise desse material a ferramenta utilizada foi o discurso, na perspectiva analítica de Michel Foucault. O artigo problematiza o enunciado – "lugar de louco é no hospício" – que interpelao discurso da desospitalização e da reinserção psicossocial. Os resultados mostram que a hospitalização ainda é uma prática recorrente e um desafio a ser vencido para se construir uma Política que ultrapasse as barreiras da exclusão.

This article presents reflexions concerning the processes of exclusion/inclusion of people with severe mental suffering in a Center of Psychosocial Care II (CAPS II) on the context of National Politics of Mental Health territorialization. The research field is the CAPS II and the theoretical framework has as basis Michel Foucault and Doreen Massey's studies. The empirical material is constituted of documents and records of five CAPS II users. The tool used for the analysis of this material was the speech, on Michel Foucault's perspective. The article problematize the statement – "place for crazy is the asylum" – that challenges the speech of deinstitutionalization and psychosocial reintegration. The results show that hospitalization is still a common practice and a challenge to be won, so that a politic that exceeds the barriers of exclusion can be built.

Este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre los procesos de exclusión e inclusión de las personas con trastornos mentales graves en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial II (CAPS II) en el contexto de la territorialización de la Política Nacional de Salud Mental. El campo de investigación es el CAPS II y la referencia teórica tiene como base los estudios de Michel Foucault y de Doreen Massey. El material empírico esta constituido por documentos y registros de cinco usuarios del CAPS II. Para el análisis de este material las herramientas utilizadas fue el discurso, en la perspectiva analítica de Michel Foucault. El articulo discute la declaración (lugar de loco es en el hospicio), que desafía el discurso de la desinstitucionalización y la rehabilitación psicosocial. Los resultados muestran que la hospitalización aun es una práctica recurrente y un desafío que hay que superar para construir una política que supere las barreras de la exclusión.

Cartografias de exclusão e inclusão de pessoas com sofrimento mental nos processos de territorialização da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental / Cartographies of exclusion and inclusion of people with mental suffering the territorialization processes of the national politics concerning mental health / Cartografías de exclusión e inclusión de las personas con sufrimiento mental en casos de territorialización de la Política Nacional de Salud Mental

Este artigo apresenta reflexões acerca dos processos de exclusão/inclusão de pessoas com sofrimento mental grave em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial II (CAPS II) no contexto de territorialização da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental. O campo de pesquisa é o CAPS II e o referencial teórico teve como base os estudos de Michel Foucault e de Doreen Massey. O material empírico é constituído por documentos e prontuários de cinco usuários do CAPS II. Para a análise desse material a ferramenta utilizada foi o discurso, na perspectiva analítica de Michel Foucault. O artigo problematiza o enunciado – "lugar de louco é no hospício" – que interpela o discurso da desospitalização e da reinserção psicossocial. Os resultados mostram que a hospitalização ainda é uma prática recorrente e um desafio a ser vencido para se construir uma Política que ultrapasse as barreiras da exclusão. (AU)

This article presents reflexions concerning the processes of exclusion/inclusion of people with severe mental suffering in a Center of Psychosocial Care II (CAPS II) on the context of National Politics of Mental Health territorialization. The research field is the CAPS II and the theoretical framework has as basis Michel Foucault and Doreen Massey's studies. The empirical material is constituted of documents and records of five CAPS II users. The tool used for the analysis of this material was the speech, on Michel Foucault's perspective. The article problematize the statement – "place for crazy is the asylum" – that challenges the speech of deinstitutionalization and psychosocial reintegration. The results show that hospitalization is still a common practice and a challenge to be won, so that a politic that exceeds the barriers of exclusion can be built. (AU)

Este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre los procesos de exclusión e inclusión de las personas con trastornos mentales graves en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial II (CAPS II) en el contexto de la territorialización de la Política Nacional de Salud Mental. El campo de investigación es el CAPS II y la referencia teórica tiene como base los estudios de Michel Foucault y de Doreen Massey. El material empírico esta constituido por documentos y registros de cinco usuarios del CAPS II. Para el análisis de este material las herramientas utilizadas fue el discurso, en la perspectiva analítica de Michel Foucault. El articulo discute la declaración (lugar de loco es en el hospicio), que desafía el discurso de la desinstitucionalización y la rehabilitación psicosocial. Los resultados muestran que la hospitalización aun es una práctica recurrente y un desafío que hay que superar para construir una política que supere las barreras de la exclusión. (AU)

Reconsidering the taxonomy of the Black-Faced Uacaris, Cacajao melanocephalus group (Mammalia: Pitheciidae), from the northern Amazon Basin.

The black-faced uacaris are a poorly known group of platyrrhine monkeys from the Rio Negro basin in northwestern Amazonia. Originally described as two distinct species-Cacajao melanocephalus (Humboldt 1812) and Cacajao ouakary (Spix 1823)-from opposite banks of the Negro, they were treated as a single species until the end of the twentieth century, when molecular studies reconfirmed their status as true species. One of these studies not only nominated a third (northern) species, Cacajao ayresi Boubli et al. 2008, but also identified C. ouakary as a junior synonym of C. melanocephalus, resulting in the introduction of a new nomen, Cacajao hosomi Boubli et al. 2008. In the present study, additional evidence on morphological and zoogeographic variables is analyzed, which indicates that C. ouakary should be reinstated, and supports the nomination of a neotype of C. melanocephalus. The molecular and zoogeographic data on the species status of the ayresi form are also re-assessed, leading to the conclusion that, on the basis of the evidence available at the present time, this form should be considered a subspecies of C. melanocephalus. A new taxonomic arrangement is proposed, which recognizes two species, C. ouakary and C. melanocephalus, the latter with two subspecies, C. m. melanocephalus and C. m. ayresi.

O estatuto do inconsciente na clínica sinthomática das chamadas psicoses ordinárias / The statute of the unconscious in the symptomatic clinic called ordinary psychoses / El estatuto del inconsciente en la clínica sinthomática de las llamadas psicosis ordinarias / Le statut de l'inconscient dans la clinique sinthomatique des appels psychoses ordinaires

Em seu primeiro ensino, Lacan confere ao inconsciente o estatuto de estruturado como uma linguagem, em que o Nome-do-Pai é o significante primaz e ordenador da entrada do sujeito no campo simbólico. Nesse ensino, a foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai é o mecanismo que constitui a estrutura clínica da psicose. No último ensino, com a teoria do sinthoma e a partir da obra de James Joyce, Lacan abre uma nova perspectiva para abordar a psicose, não em termos de déficit do Nome-do-Pai, mas como modos borromeanos de amarração dos registros Real, Simbólico e Imaginário. É sob o modelo joyceano que se pode pensar o que Miller, na Convenção de Antibes, denominou psicose ordinária. Assim, se há mudanças no percurso teórico lacaniano, dos anos 1950 aos anos 1970, sobre a abordagem das psicoses, apontariam as psicoses ordinárias para uma outra perspectiva do inconsciente no contexto do último ensino de Lacan, diferente daquela do inconsciente estruturado como linguagem? Este estudo pretende retomar pontos importantes de momentos cruciais do ensino de Jacques Lacan, que permitem compreender alguns giros teóricos desse psicanalista francês e como os mesmos têm efeitos e consequências na clínica, ou surgiram, eles próprios, de questões clínicas. Nesse sentido, considerando o que é chamado de psicose ordinária e fundamentando-se nas discussões lacanianas sobre o sinthoma, isso apontaria para outra abordagem do inconsciente que confere ao registro do real um lugar proeminente, o que Miller aponta como o inconsciente real.

Lacan in his first teaching confers to the unconscious the statute of structured as a language, in which the Name-of-the-Father is the significant primate that orders the entrance of the subject to the symbolic field. In this teaching the foreclosure of the Name-of-the-Father is the factor that constitutes the clinic structure of the psychosis. In his latter teaching, with the theory of the sinthome, from James Joyce's work, Lacan opens a new perspective for approaching the psychosis, not in terms of the deficit of the Name-of-the-Father, but as Borromean modes of knotting of the Real, Simbolic and Imaginary registers. It's under Joyce's model that is possible to think what Miller called, at Antibes's Convention, the ordinary psychosis. Thus, if there are changes in the lacanian theoretical path from the 50s to the 70s about the approach of psychoses, would the ordinary psychoses point to another perspective of the unconscious in the context of Lacan's latter teaching different than the unconscious structured as a language? This study intends to retake important points of crucial moments of the Jacques Lacan's teachings, which allow to understand some theoretical turns of this french psychoanalyst and how them have effects and consequences at the clinic, or that came out from clinical issues. In this way, by considering what is called ordinary psychosis and based on the lacanian discussions of the sinthome, this would lead to another approach of the unconscious that gives a prominent place to the register of the real, what Miller points out as unconscious of the real.

Lacan en su primera enseñanza le da al inconsciente el estatuto de estructurado como lenguaje, en el que el Nombre del Padre es el significante primaz ordenador de la entrada del sujeto al campo simbólico. En esta enseñanza la forclusión del Nombre del Padre es el factor que constituye la estructura clínica de la psicosis. En su última enseñanza, con la teoría del sinthome, a partir de la obra de James Joyce, Lacan abre una nueva perspectiva para abordar la psicosis, no en términos del déficit del Nombre del Padre, sino a través de modos borromeos de anudamiento de los registros Real, Simbólico e Imaginario. Es bajo el modelo joyceano que se puede pensar lo que Miller denominó, en la Convención de Antibes, como Psicosis Ordinaria. Así, si hay mudanzas en el recorrido teórico lacaniano de los años 1950 a los años 1970, sobre el abordaje de las psicosis, ¿apuntarían las psicosis ordinarias a otra perspectiva del inconsciente en el contexto de la última enseñanza de Lacan diferentes del inconsciente estructurado como lenguaje? Este estudio pretende retomar puntos importantes de momentos cruciales de las enseñanzas de Jacques Lacan, que permitieran comprender algunos giros teóricos de este psicoanalista francés e como los mismo tienen efectos e consecuencias en la clínica, o surgieron, ellos mismos, de cuestiones clínicas. En este sentido, considerando lo que es llamado de psicosis ordinaria y fundamentándose en las discusiones lacanianas sobre el sinthome, eso apuntaría para otra abordaje del inconsciente que le da al registro del real un lugar prominente, lo que Miller apunta como el inconsciente real.

Lacan, dans son premier enseignement, donne à l'inconscient, le statut de structuré comme un langage, dans lequel le Nom-du-Père est le significant primat ordonnateur de la entrée du sujet dans le champ symbolique. Dans cet enseignement, la forclusion du Nom-du-Père est le mécanisme qui constitue la structure clinique de la psychose. Dans le dernier enseignement, avec la théorie du sinthome, à partir de l'œuvre de James Joyce, Lacan ouvre une perspective nouvelle pour aborder la psychose, non pas en termes de déficit du Nom-du-Père, mais comme modes borroméens de nouage des registres Réel, Symbolique et Imaginaire. C'est sous le modèle joycean qui on peut penser ce qui Miller a appelé, dans la Convention d'Antibes, Psychose Ordinaire. Ainsi, s'il ya des changements dans le parcours théorique lacanien, des années 1950 aux années 1970, sur l'abordage des psychoses, les psychoses ordinaires, indiqueraient-t-elles vers une autre perspective de l'inconscient dans le contexte de dernier enseignement de Lacan, différente de celle de l'inconscient structuré comme un langage? Cette étude vise à reprendre les points importants des moments cruciaux d'enseignement de Jacques Lacan, qui nous permet de comprendre quelques tours théoriques de cette psychanalyste français, et comment ils ont des effets et des conséquences dans la clinique, ou ils ont émergé, eux-mêmes, de questions cliniques. En ce sens, compte tenu de ce qu'on appelle la psychose ordinaire, et en s'appuyant sur les discussions lacaniennes sur le sinthome, ce serait pointer vers une autre approche de l'inconscient qui donne au réel, une place eminent, ce que Miller montre comment l'inconscient réel.

Postural characterization of adolescent federation basketball players.

BACKGROUND: The adolescent players federated to basketball have a high-level of endurance demand, often overloading the biological tissues and causing biomechanical compensations. Due to the immaturity of their musculoskeletal structures those consequences may influence the growing process and lead to the development of various postural patterns. We aimed to evaluate the postural alignment of the trunk in players. METHODS: Participants, 74 healthy adolescents: 36 basketball players (BG) and 38 adolescents in control group (CG). First, adolescents were marked with spheres over specific anatomical landmarks. Postural photographs were taken in the sagittal and frontal planes, and analyzed using the free internet Postural Analysis Software to obtain quantitative measures of the head, shoulders, and trunk. RESULTS: ANCOVA has revealed significant group effects: players demonstrated greater lateral spinal inclination (P < .008). In the right sagittal plane, the BG had lower angular values of forward head position (P < .02), pelvic ante version (P < .02), vertical alignment of the trunk (P < .02), and thoracic kyphosis (P < .005). The covariate analysis has indicated that age influences the alignments of both the shoulders and the left scapula; and height influences the scapular alignment. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated that basketball training within federations influences the musculoskeletal system of adolescents and reflects a process of postural adaptations.

Representação social, ansiedade e depressão em adolescentes puérperas / Social representation, anxiety and depression in teenage mothers

Introdução: A adolescência é um período gerador de mudanças biopsicossociais. Nesse contexto, a gravidez na adolescência é um fator que pode contribuir para ampliar dificuldades pertinentes a esta fase da vida. Objetivo: Estudar a representação social da maternidade entre adolescentes puérperas e identificar o perfil de ansiedade e depressão destas. Métodos: Trata-se de um corte transversal, realizado no puerpério de um hospital público da cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Como instrumento, utilizou-se uma entrevista estruturada e a Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão. Resultados: Participaram da pesquisa 96 adolescentes, com faixa etária de 15 a 19 anos, sendo 52 por cento destas entre 16 e 17 anos. De toda a amostra, 55 por cento são casadas ou estão em união consensual e 56 por cento concluiu apenas o ensino fundamental. Em relação à renda familiar, 34 por cento ganham menos de 1 salário mínimo e 48 por cento de 1 a 2 salários mínimos. Em relação às reações de ansiedade e depressão, 11 por cento apresentaram ansiedade e 9 por cento depressão, apenas 8 por cento das participantes preencheram os critérios para ambas. Conclusão: Estudar a representação social da maternidade entre adolescentes puérperas, identificar o perfil das adolescentes grávidas, compreendendo o seu contexto de vida psicossocial, ansiedade e depressão, pode proporcionar aos profissionais de saúde uma melhor compreensão do problema contribuindo para a promoção de intervenções mais adequadas nesta população.(AU)

Introduction: Adolescence is a period generator of biopsychosocial changes. In this context, teenage pregnancy is a factor that may contribute to increased difficulties relevant to this phase of life. Objective: To study the social representation of motherhood teenage mothers and to identify the profile of these anxiety and depression. Methods: This is a cross-performed in the puerperium of a public hospital in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. As a tool, we used a structured interview and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: There were 96 teenagers, aged 15 to 19 years, 52 percent of those between 16 and 17 years. The entire sample, 55 percent are married or in consensual union and 56 percent completed only primary education. Regarding family income, 34 percent earn less than minimum wage and a 48 percent one to two minimum wages. Regarding the reactions of anxiety and depression, 11 percent had anxiety and depression 9 percent, only 8 percent of participants met criteria for both. Conclusion: Studying the social representation of motherhood teenage mothers, to identify the profile of pregnant teenagers, including the psychosocial context of his life, anxiety and depression, can give health professionals a better understanding of the problem contributing to the promotion of more appropriate interventions this population.(AU)

Tumor malignancy is engaged to prokaryotic homolog toolbox.

Cancer cells display high proliferation rates and survival provided by high glycolysis, chemoresistance and radioresistance, metabolic features that appear to be activated with malignancy, and seemed to have arisen as early in evolution as in unicellular/prokaryotic organisms. Based on these assumptions, we hypothesize that aggressive phenotypes found in malignant cells may be related to acquired unicellular behavior, launched within a tumor when viral and prokaryotic homologs are overexpressed performing likely robust functions. The ensemble of these expressed viral and prokaryotic close homologs in the proteome of a tumor tissue gives them advantage over normal cells. To assess the hypothesis validity, sequences of human proteins involved in apoptosis, energetic metabolism, cell mobility and adhesion, chemo- and radio-resistance were aligned to homologs present in other life forms, excluding all eukaryotes, using PSI-BLAST, with further corroboration from data available in the literature. The analysis revealed that selected sequences of proteins involved in apoptosis and tumor suppression (as p53 and pRB) scored non-significant (E-value>0.001) with prokaryotic homologs; on the other hand, human proteins involved in cellular chemo- and radio-resistance scored highly significant with prokaryotic and viral homologs (as catalase, E-value=zero). We inferred that such upregulated and/or functionally activated proteins in aggressive malignant cells represent a toolbox of modern human homologs evolved from a similar key set that have granted survival of ancient prokaryotes against extremely harsh environments. According to what has been discussed along this analysis, high mutation rates usually hit hotspots in important conserved protein domains, allowing uncontrolled expansion of more resistant, death-evading malignant clones. That is the case of point mutations in key viral proteins affording viruses escape to chemotherapy, and human homologs of such retroviral proteins (as Ras, Akt and EGFR) can elicit the same phenotype. Furthermore, a corollary to this hypothesis presumes that target-directed anti-cancer therapy should target human protein domains of low similarity to prokaryotic homologs for a well-succeeded anti-cancer therapy.