First Report of Root Rot of Watermelon Caused by Ceratobasidium sp. in Sonora, Mexico.

Watermelon is one of the major crops grown in Mexico and represents 4% of the total cultivated area with fruits in this country. In 2013, Sonora State was ranked second in the production of watermelon at a national level. Fungal and oomycete diseases are among the main biotic factors affecting watermelon production, particularly those caused by species of the genera Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia. During the spring of 2013, wilting or death symptoms were confirmed in approximately 50% of ungrafted watermelon plants grown in four sampled fields along the coast of Hermosillo and Guaymas Valley in Sonora, Mexico. On both roots and stems of infected plants, localized lesions were found that were 0.2 to 2.0 cm long, reddish brown, and slightly sunken on the stem base. In some cases, the discolorations encompassed nearly 90% of the root system. One-centimeter pieces from the edge of lesions on stems and roots were superficially disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite, then rinsed with sterile distilled water, placed onto petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25°C for 3 days. Fungal colonies were white initially, then turned brown, and septate hyphae were 3.7 to 4.3 µm in diameter and branched at right angles with a constriction at the origin of the branch point. These characteristics are typical of the genus Rhizoctonia. Binucleate cells from five isolates were observed using a lactophenol aniline blue solution stain, according to Ceratobasidium morphological descriptions. Mycelia from five isolates grown on PDA was used for DNA extraction. The rDNA-ITS region was amplified using PCR with the universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4 (3). The purified products were separately sequenced in both directions using the same primer pair. The sequences obtained were 99% similar to those of Ceratobasidium sp. AG-F and AG-Fa isolates (accessions KC193238.1 on Tagetes erecta, HQ168370.1 on Musa spp., and JX913821.1 on soy-rice-weeds, respectively) from GenBank (2,4). The pathogenicity of the fungus was tested under growth chamber conditions. Sets of seven healthy watermelon seedlings of the Sugar red variety were inoculated with five isolates of Ceratobasidium. Three disks (8 mm in diameter) of mycelia grown on PDA were placed around the roots of each plantlet. The pots were maintained at 27 ± 0.1°C for 14 days with a photoperiod of 12 h. Seven uninoculated seedlings were used as a control. Initial symptoms showing water-soaked lesions developed on all inoculated seedlings within 6 to 7 days, while typical disease symptoms appeared after 10 to 14 days after inoculation. Seedlings without inoculum were free from infection. The fungus was re-isolated from the inoculated seedlings on PDA, and identified as Ceratobasidium sp., confirmed using morphological characteristics. A similar disease has been reported recently in Italy and Arizona (1); however, this report is the first description of a Ceratobasidium sp. causing root rot of watermelon in Sonora, Mexico. Agricultural areas where the study was carried represent 90% of the total area cultivated with watermelon in this state, so it is necessary to evaluate the impact of this pathogen in the crop. References: (1) C. Nischwitz et al. APS joint meeting, 2013. (2) A. Saroj et al. Plant Dis. 97:1251, 2013. (3) T. J. White et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990. (4) J. Yin et al. Plant Dis. 95:490, 2011.

[Cervical abscess by Streptococcus anginosus-milleri after foreign body ingestion and suspicion of esophageal perforation]. / Absceso cervical por Streptococcus anginosus-milleri tras ingestión de cuerpo extraño y sospecha de perforación esofágica.

We report a case of cervical abscess after the ingestion of foreign body (chicken bone) secondary to probable esophageal perforation that it was sent to us with suspicion of mediastinal complication. The girl, 17 years-old, nothing else to arrive our hospitalary center required entrance in ICU due to her severe clinical process: High fever, intense neck-thoracic pain, laterocervical diffuse and progressive left inflammation and bad general state. The CT showed the presence of a well defined abscess and abundant aerial component that dissected the cervical muscles that made necessary to perform drainage verifying intraoperatively no mediastinal involvement. The culture of the purulent collection revealed Streptococcus anginosus/milleri resistant to clindamicine but sensible to penicilina and derivatives. We exposed a serie of considerations at respect of such microorganism and its clinical signification.

[Suppurative bacterial acute parotitis in adults. Clinic and microbiological findings in 10 admitted patients]. / Parotiditis aguda bacteriana supurada en adultos. Hallazgos clínicos y microbiológicos en 10 pacientes ingresados.

We report the clinic and microbiological findings that were obtained in 10 adult patients admitted by our ENT Service with diagnosis of suppurative bacterial acute parotitis. S. aureus and Streptococcus sp were the most isolated organisms. All the patients were treated by hidratation, endovenous antibiotic therapy sometimes modified according to the antibiogram results, analgesics and antiinflammatories with success. In 3 times it was necessary to drain the purulent collection and in one of them there was a retroauricular abscess secondary to sialoadenitis.

[Lobular capillary hemangioma on the floor of the mouth (pyogenic granuloma). Report of a case and literature review]. / Hemangioma lobular capilar del suelo de boca (granuloma piogénico). A propósito de un caso y revisión bibliográfica.

Lobular capillary hemangioma or pyogenic granuloma is a benign lesion with a focal reactive development of fibrovascular tissue and endotelial proliferation. It can appear to any age in different locations and usually has the aspect of a pediculate mass with or without ulceration zones on the area. Its treatment is the simple surgical removal and the control of the traumatic and infectious influential factors. We report a case of pyogenic granuloma on the floor of the mouth making a literature review at respect of that common clinical entity.

[The adenoid cystic carcinoma]. / Carcinoma adenoide quístico de CAE.

The adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the external auditory canal is a rare tumor, as other malignant neoplasias of the EAC and middle ear. The early diagnosis of these malignant tumors of the ear is very important to improve the prognosis. In this sense, the clinic experience is frequently the most useful diagnosis instrument to suspect this pathology when we have a confrontation with chronic otorrea and otalgia, common presentation form of this disease. In this report we show a new case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of external auditory canal and review the most significant medical literature existing in relationship with this pathology.

[Auricular perichondritis in adults. An evaluation-study of 12 hospitalized patients]. / Pericondritis del pabellón auricular en adultos. Estudio-evaluación de 12 pacientes ingresados.

Perichondritis of the auricle in adults can be secondary to traumatic agents, external otitis or surgery being Pseudomona aeruginosa the bacteria more often isolated. We have performed a retrospective study of 12 hospitalized patients with that diagnosis and these following variables have been evaluated: Age, sex, personal antecedents, clinical symptoms, affected auricle, complementary explorations, treatment, evolution and stay.

[The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Our experience and literature review]. / Incidencia de carcinoma tiroideo en tiroiditis de Hashimoto. Nuestra experiencia y revisión de la literatura.

The incidence of thyroid carcinoma in Hashimoto's thyroiditis has been widely debated and it is notorious in many published series. The possibility of an immunological and autoimmune mechanism in the etiopathogenia of papillary carcinomas stimulating lymphocytic infiltration has been suggested. We are reporting an our review of 4 cases of Hashimoto's concomitant with papillary thyroid carcinoma recorded between 1991 and 2001. The clinical data and complementary tests performed before the surgery are reported. Three patients were operated by total thyroidectomy and the other by hemithyroidectomy on a previous one whose diagnosis was malignant. We estimate the coexistence of papillary Ca. and Hashimoto's disease in 36.4% (4 of 11) in our case history.

[Surgical treatment of Graves-Basedow disease. Descriptive study and review of the literature]. / Tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Graves-Basedow. Estudio descriptivo y revisión de la literatura.

Graves-Basedow's disease is an autoimmune pathology that causes a clinical hyperthyroidism which has a medical treatment at first place. However, the surgery has indications and obtains good results generally. We report a descriptive study about 35 patients (27 female and 8 male) sent for a surgical treatment by Endocrinology. We have analysed several variables: Family antecedents, clinical symptoms, Scintigraphy results, FNAB results, type of intervention, pathologic anatomy (PA) and complications after the surgery. We have performed a literature review and thought that Total Thyroidectomy (TT) is the technique of choice for surgical treatment of Graves' disease instead of Subtotal Thyroidectomy (ST) suggested by some authors.

[The clinical value of PTHi in hyperparathyroidism. Our experience (1990-2001)]. / Utilidad clínica de la PTHi en la cirugía del hiperparatiroidismo. Nuestra experiencia (1990-2001).

Our ENT-Service has performed a total figure of 96 parathyroidectomies between these two dates 1990 and 2001, in 99 patients remitted diagnosed of hyperparathyroidism. 74 cases had primary hyperparathydoidism, in 22 the condition was secondary and in 3 tertiary. A series of variables pre- and postoperative of each case. Since June 2000 our Hospital has at it disposal a device for quick appraisal of parathormone rate allowing us in few minutes and with the patient still in the operating theatre, if there are hyperparathyroidal tissue still alive. The surgery done was: adenoma resection 69 cases, 23 subtotal parathyroidectomies and 4 total resections. Comparison of our results with those of other series published.

[Surgery for secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism: 11 years' experience]. / Cirugía del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y terciario: 11 años de experiencia.

From 1990 to september 2001, we have performed surgery in 22 patients diagnosed as Secondary hyperparathyroidism and three patients diagnosed as Tertiary, that were sent to our clinic from the Nephrology Department. These pathologies are rare in clinical practice but they mean a lot for the patient and his family. In 17 cases we performed a subtotal parathyroidectomy, in 2 cases a total parathyroidectomy and in another 2 an adenoma was found and excised. In one of these 22 cases and following a careful exam we did not final pathological parathynoids. We present and analysed here our results with an obvious improvement in all patients but one. Finally we carry out a revision of the literature comparing our results to other similar published series.