Parvovirus B19 Infection and Pregnancy: Review of the Current Knowledge.

Parvovirus B19, a member of the Parvoviridae family, is a human pathogenic virus. It can be transmitted by respiratory secretions, hand-to-mouth contact, blood transfusion, or transplacental transmission. Most patients are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms such as erythema infectiosum, especially in children. In rare cases, moderate-to-severe symptoms may occur, affecting blood cells and other systems, resulting in anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia. Non-immune pregnant women are at risk for fetal infection by parvovirus B19, with greater complications if transmission occurs in the first or second trimester. Infected fetuses may not show any abnormalities in most cases, but in more severe cases, there may be severe fetal anemia, hydrops, and even pregnancy loss. Maternal diagnosis of intrauterine parvovirus B19 infection includes IgG and IgM antibody testing. For fetal diagnosis, PCR is performed through amniocentesis. In addition to diagnosing the infection, it is important to monitor the peak of systolic velocity of the middle cerebral artery (PVS-MCA) Doppler to assess the presence of fetal anemia. There is no vaccine for parvovirus B19, and fetal management focuses on detecting moderate/severe anemia by fetal PVS-MCA Doppler, which, if diagnosed, should be treated with intrauterine transfusion by cordocentesis. Prevention focuses on reducing exposure in high-risk populations, particularly pregnant women.

Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S).

COVID-19 can bring several psychological problems to patients and non-patients, which highlights the need for a better understanding of outcomes that can emerge due the occurrence of the virus. One of these variables is fear, present in situations of continuous uncertainty. Fear is a key variable for mental health and tracking it and its correlates might help to develop proper education and prevention programs. Currently, Brazil is one of the epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its public health system scrapped and not being able to contain the amount of infected people. Therefore, a proper measure to screen the fear of COVID-19 will help to provide improvements in mental health in such contexts. For that, two studies were performed. In Study 1 (N = 230) we assessed the factorial structure of the measure through exploratory factor analysis, and item parameters using item response theory. In Study 2 (N = 302), we assessed whether the structure would replicate in an independent sample and through confirmatory factor analysis, besides assessing convergent validity using Structural Equation Modelling and proposing a shorter version of the measure. Both long and short versions presented a reliable unidimensional structure and similar patterns of correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, our results showed that the FCV-19S and its short version are useful measures to the assessment of fear of COVID-19 in Brazil.

Potential role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects million women worldwide, presenting a complex pathophysiology that has not been fully elucidated yet. Recently, it has been suggested that PCOS triggers the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thus being associated with unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Indeed, the UPR response has been associated with several pathological conditions, including in the reproductive system. Several studies demonstrated that ovarian UPR markers are upregulated in PCOS, being associated with worst ovarian outcomes, and this was ameliorated by ER stress inhibition. In this review, we aim to summarize the main findings from previous studies covering this topic, in an attempt to clarify the potential role of ER stress and the UPR response in the pathophysiology of PCOS.

Estratégias de coping adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19 / Coping Strategies Adopted by Health Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objetivo. Objetivou-se conhecer as estratégias de coping adotadas pelos profissionais de saúde durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método. Pesquisa de desenho exploratório. Participaram 155 profissionais de saúde do nordeste brasileiro, em sua maioria do Piauí (39.1%) e Ceará (22.5%), com idade média de 33.26 anos (DP = 7.94) e do sexo feminino (68.2%). Resultados. Por meio de uma Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD), o corpus principal se segmentou em duas ramificações: "Classe 1: suporte socioemocional e espiritualidade" e "Classe 2: atividades de entretenimento", mostrando que os profissionais utilizavam estratégias de coping com foco no problema e na emoção. Aponta-se a importância do contato social, espiritualidade e entretenimento para o bem-estar emocional.

Objective. The objective was to know the coping strategies adopted by health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method. This was an exploratory research. The participants were 155 health professionals (female 68.2, male 31.8) from northeastern Brazil, mostly from Piauí (39.1%) and Ceará (22.5%), and a mean age of 33.26 years (SD = 7.94). Results. Through a Descending Hierarchical Classification (CHD), the main corpus was divided into two branches: Class 1: Socio-emotional support and spirituality, and Class 2: Entertainment activities, showing that professionals used coping strategies with a focus on the problem and emotion. They pointed out the importance of social contact, spirituality, and entertainment for emotional well-being.

Nomophobia and smartphone addiction: do the variables age and sex explain this relationship? / Nomofobia e dependência de smartphone: as variáveis idade e sexo explicam essa relação? / Nomofobia y dependencia de los smartphones: ¿las variables edad y sexo explican esta relación?

This study aimed to identify the extent nomophobia explains smartphone addiction, controlling for age and gender effects. Participants were 316 people from the 22 Brazilian states (Mage = 28.1 years), most from Paraíba (38.9%) and Piauí (16.5%), equally distributed between genders. They answered the Nomophobia Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addition Scale and demographic questions. The results demonstrate that the factors of the nomophobia measure explained smartphone addiction, indicating that more nomophobic behavior equates to increased smartphone addiction, especially in the younger participants, there was no difference regarding gender. These findings are discussed according to the literature on adherence to new technologies, revealing the current problem of smartphone addiction in young people. (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer em que medida a nomofobia explica a dependência de smartphone, controlando os efeitos de idade e sexo. Participaram 316 pessoas de 22 estados brasileiros (Midade = 28,1), a maioria da Paraíba (38,9%) e do Piauí (16,5%), distribuídas equitativamente entre os sexos. Estas responderam o Questionário de Nomofobia, a Escala de Adição ao Smartphone e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados foram de que os fatores da medida de nomofobia explicaram a dependência de smartphone, indicando que quanto mais as pessoas são nomofóbicas, mais elas dependem de smartphone, principalmente aquelas mais jovens, não havendo diferença quanto ao sexo. Esses achados foram discutidos de acordo com a literatura acerca da adesão a novas tecnologias, revelando o problema da dependência de smartphones para os jovens nos dias de hoje. (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer en qué medida la nomofobia explica la dependencia de smartphones, controlando los efectos de la edad y el sexo. Participaron 316 personas de 22 estados brasileños (Medad = 28.1), en su mayoría de Paraíba (38.9%) y Piauí (16.5%), distribuidos equitativamente entre los sexos. Estos respondieron al Nomophobia Questionnaire, a la Smartphone Addition Scale y a preguntas demográficas. Los resultados demuestran que los factores de la medida de nomofobia explican la adición a los smartphones, indicando que un comportamiento más nomofóbico equivale a una mayor adicción a los smartphones, especialmente en los más jóvenes, no existiendo diferencias en cuanto al género. Estos hallazgos han sido discutidos de acuerdo con la literatura sobre la adhesión a las nuevas tecnologías, revelando el problema actual de la adicción a los smartphones en los jóvenes. (AU)

Psychometric properties of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in Brazil.

We aimed to adapt the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) in Brazil, using a range of statistical techniques (e.g., factor analysis, item response theory). Two studies were conducted (Ntotal = 512). The unidimensional structure presented a good model fit and reliability, significant convergent validity, and all items presenting very high discrimination levels, adequately assessing medium and high anxiety levels. We also gathered evidence on cutoff points for detecting anxiety symptoms, reinforcing the diagnostic feasibility (for screening) of the CAS. Our findings emphasize the CAS as useful for rapid assessment and research involving COVID-19 and mental health markers.

Healthcare professionals in COVID-19: safety, fear, and intention to leave / Profissionais de saúde na COVID-19: segurança, medo e intenção de se afastar / Profesionales de la salud en COVID-19: seguridad, miedo e intención de alejarse

The objective was to verify the fear of COVID-19 mediating role between the perception of safety at work and the intention of professionals on the frontline of COVID-19 to distance themselves from work. For this intent, 227 professionals (Mage = 33.01; SD = 7.67), mostly female (67.8%), answered the Safety Climate Scale in Hospital Work, the Intentional Behavior to Take a Leave of Absence Scale adapted to the COVID-19 context, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The safety perception in places of fight against the COVID-19 minimizes the fear of infection, consequently reducing health professionals' intention to take leaves of absence when in hospitals in the pandemic. Thus, ensuring the professionals' safety in their workplace is a protective factor of fear, so it may collaborate for the development of relevant strategies that minimize the intention to take a leave of absence.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o papel mediador do medo da COVID-19 na relação entre a percepção de segurança no trabalho e a intenção de profissionais atuantes no combate da COVID-19 de se afastarem do serviço. Para tanto, 227 profissionais (Midade = 33,01; DP = 7,67), maioria do gênero feminino (67,8%), responderam à Escala de Clima de Segurança no Trabalho Hospitalar, à Escala de Intenção Comportamental de Afastamento dos Serviços, adaptadas para o contexto da COVID-19, a Fear of COVID-19 Scale e a um questionário sociodemográfico. A percepção de segurança nos locais de combate à COVID-19 minimiza o medo da infecção, consequentemente diminuindo a intenção dos profissionais atuantes em hospitais na pandemia de se afastarem do serviço. Assim, assegurar segurança dos profissionais no local de trabalho é um fator protetivo do medo, que pode então colaborar para o desenvolvimento de estratégias pertinentes que minimizem a intenção de afastamento do trabalho.

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue verificar el papel mediador del miedo de la COVID-19 en la relación entre percepción de seguridad en el trabajo y la intención de apartarse de los servicios de profesionales actuantes en el combate el COVID-19. Por lo tanto, 227profesionales (Medad = 33.01 años; DE= 7.67), la mayoría mujeres (67.8%), respondieran la Escala de Clima de Seguridad en el Trabajo Hospitalario, la Escala de Intención Comportamental de Alejarse de los Servicios, adaptadas para el contexto de la COVID-19, Fear of COVID-19 Scale y cuestionario sociodemográfico. La percepción de seguridad en los lugares de combate al COVID-19 minimiza el miedo a la enfermedad, reduciendo en consecuencia la intención de alejarse de los profesionales de los hospitales durante la pandemia. Así, velar por la seguridad de los profesionales en el trabajo es un factor protector del miedo, por lo que es posible colaborar en el desarrollo de estrategias relevantes que minimicen la intención de alejarse del trabajo.

Evidências psicométricas do Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE) / Psychometric evidence for the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (CDE) / Evidencias psicométricas del Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE)

Objetivou-se adaptar o Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE), reunindo evidências de validade e precisão, especificamente verificar o padrão de relação com autoestima. Para tanto, foram realizados dois estudos com participantes oriundos de uma capital do nordeste do Brasil. No primeiro (n = 244), foi realizado a adaptação do CDE e executada uma análise fatorial exploratória, a qual sugeriu uma estrutura unifatorial. No segundo (n = 236), executaram-se análises fatoriais confirmatórias testando modelos alternativos (uni e hexafatorial). Ademais, realizou-se a correlação de Pearson (r) que evidenciouuma relação negativa e estatisticamente significativa entre autoestima e a dependência emocional, indicando validade convergente. Ademais, constatou-se precisão satisfatória em ambos os estudos. Conclui-se que o CDE é válido e fidedigno, podendo auxiliar na avaliação de indivíduos que estão em relacionamentos amorosos e na busca de um consenso acerca do conceito e das dimensões da dependência emocional.(AU)

This study aimed to adapt the Emotional Dependency Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional - CDE), gathering evidence of validity and accuracy, specifically to verify the relationship pattern with self-esteem. Accordingly, two studies were performed with participants from a city of the northeast of Brazil. In the first (n = 244) the adaptation of the CDE was carried out and exploratory factor analysis was performed, which suggested a single-factor structure. In the second (n = 236), confirmatory factor analyses were performed by testing alternative models (single factor and six factors). In addition, Pearson's correlation (r) was calculated, which showed a negative and statistically significant relationship between self-esteem and emotional dependence, indicating convergent validity. In addition, satisfactory accuracy was found in both studies. It was concluded that the CDE is valid and reliable and can help in the evaluation of individuals who are in loving relationships and in the search of a consensus about the concept and dimensions of emotional dependence.(AU)

Este estudio objetivó adaptar el Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional (CDE), reuniendo evidencias de validez y confiabilidad, específicamente averiguar el patrón de relación con autoestima. Para ello, se realizaron dos investigaciones con participantes oriundos de una capital de noreste de Brasil. En el primero (n = 244) se realizó la adaptación del CDE y se ejecutó un análisis factorial exploratorio, el cual sugirió una estructura unifactorial. En el segundo (n = 236), se realizaron análisis factoriales confirmatorios probando modelos alternativos (uni y hexafactorial). Asimismo, se realizó la correlación de Pearson (r) que evidenció una relación negativa y estadísticamente significativa entre autoestima y dependencia emocional, indicando validez convergente. Además, se pudo constatar confiabilidad satisfactoria en ambos estudios. Se concluye que el CDE es válido y fiable, pudiendo auxiliar en la evaluación de individuos que están en relaciones sentimentales y en búsqueda de un consenso acerca del concepto y de dimensiones de la dependencia emocional.(AU)

Cone beam computed tomography in assessment on pharynx effects of orthopedic-surgical treatment - a review of the literature.

The cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image provides clear differentiation of soft tissues from empty spaces. This paper presents a literature review to evaluate the effects of orthopedic and surgical treatment on the pharyngeal dimension by CBCT. It was concluded that treatments involving dentofacial orthopedics and orthognathic surgery have been related with an increase in the upper airway volume. Standardized capturing of tomographic images and more controlled and randomized studies are necessary.

[The press, gender, and scientific culture in the 1960s: an interview with Eulina Cavalcante, journalist for the newspaper News Seller]. / Imprensa, gênero e cultura científica na década de 1960: entrevista com Eulina Cavalcante, do jornal News Seller.

The article offers an interview with journalist Eulina Cavalcante de Almeida, editor of the woman's section of the ABC Paulista newspaper News Seller in the 1960s. Almeida was responsible for introducing women's and scientific issues to the paper's female readers. Science formed one of the foundations of her writing as she offered her women readers scientific information, especially in the area of health. In the 1960s, the level of scientific literacy in Brazil rose and Almeida's work dovetailed with this trend. The woman's section of News Seller played a valuable role in science communication in the ABC Paulista.

In situ laccase-assisted overdyeing of denim using flavonoids.

A laccase-mediated system for denim overdyeing using phenolic compounds was developed. Laccase from ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila was able to oxidize phenolic compounds such as catechol and catechin and mediate their attachment to denim surfaces. Laccase-generated polymers gave rise to new coloration states from dark brown to green-yellow and replaced dyes in the overdyeing process. Process parameters, such as enzyme dosage, incubation time and presence of mediator, were studied by considering a compromise between the highest overdyeing level and lower energy/products consumption (2 U/mL laccase; 4 h incubation in the absence of mediator). Enzyme-generated polymers were followed by UV/Vis spectrophotometry and their level of attachment to denim surfaces was evaluated by means of spectral values quantification [k/s, Kubelka-Munk relationship (k=absorption coefficient, s=scattering coefficient)]. Overdyeing of denim with phenolics, such as catechol or catechin, was successfully achieved with acceptable levels in terms of durability.