RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify and summarise the evidence on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detection and persistence in body fluids associated with sexual activity (saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal secretion). ELIGIBILITY: All studies that reported detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, semen, vaginal secretion, urine and faeces/rectal swabs. INFORMATION SOURCES: The WHO COVID-19 database from inception to 20 April 2022. RISK OF BIAS ASSESSMENT: The National Institutes of Health tools. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: The proportion of patients with positive results for SARS-CoV-2 and the proportion of patients with a viral duration/persistence of at least 14 days in each fluid was calculated using fixed or random effects models. INCLUDED STUDIES: A total of 182 studies with 10 023 participants. RESULTS: The combined proportion of individuals with detection of SARS-CoV-2 was 82.6% (95% CI: 68.8% to 91.0%) in saliva, 1.6% (95% CI: 0.9% to 2.6%) in semen, 2.7% (95% CI: 1.8% to 4.0%) in vaginal secretion, 3.8% (95% CI: 1.9% to 7.6%) in urine and 31.8% (95% CI: 26.4% to 37.7%) in faeces/rectal swabs. The maximum viral persistence for faeces/rectal secretions was 210 days, followed by semen 121 days, saliva 112 days, urine 77 days and vaginal secretions 13 days. Culturable SARS-CoV-2 was positive for saliva and faeces. LIMITATIONS: Scarcity of longitudinal studies with follow-up until negative results. INTERPRETATION: SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in all fluids associated with sexual activity but was rare in semen and vaginal secretions. Ongoing droplet precautions and awareness of the potential risk of contact with faecal matter/rectal mucosa are needed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020204741.
Assuntos
Líquidos Corporais , COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , RNA Viral , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Comportamento SexualRESUMO
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Chronic infectious diseases can cause or exacerbate mental disorders due todirect effects on the central nervous system, as individual response to illness,changes in immunity and onset of opportunistic infections or because of treatmentside effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, sociodemographicprofile of psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment in HIV-infected, HTLVinfected,and Chagas disease patients from the Evandro Chagas Clinical ResearchInstitute (IPEC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. This is a cross-sectional study with aconsecutive sample of 125 patients referred to psychiatric outpatient clinic fromFebruary to December 2010. Data collection was performed using standardizedforms including information on clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. MiniInternational Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus 5.0) and Mini Mental StateExamination (MMSE) were administered to assess psychiatric diagnoses andcognitive impairment screening, respectively. Both instruments were validated forPortuguese language. A descriptive analysis was performed with simple frequenciesand measures of dispersion of demographic and clinical variables, diagnosesobtained by the MINI-Plus and cognitive impairment detected by MMSE according toa cutoff point proposed by the Brazilian Society of Neurology. The associationbetween categorical variables and demographic / clinical and mental disorder andchanges in MMSE was assessed using the chi-square or Fisher exact test, andStudent t test or Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables...
