Vitamin D level, body mass index and fracture risk in children: vitamin D deficiency and fracture risk.

The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of preventable causes of fracture, such as vitamin D deficiency, disturbed calcium homeostasis and obesity on fracture occurrence in minor traumas. In this way, the effects of relevant parameters on fracture may be further elucidated. A prospective case-control study in children aged 2-18 years children with and without fractures was performed. Participants with a pediatric trauma score higher than 10 presenting to minor trauma were included to exclude the significant impact of severe trauma on fracture. The effects of obesity, parameters associated with vitamin D and Ca homeostasis on fracture occurrence were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to test for associations between fracture status and the assessed variables. The relationships between the variables and the odds of fracture occurrence were examined using logistic regression models. The sample consisted of 76 patients and 50 controls. There were no significant differences between the patients and controls in terms of age, sex, trauma type and pubertal period. The patients had a significantly higher mean BMI percentile (61.2 ± 30.7, 36.7 ± 30.7; P < 0.001). Likewise, patients were more likely than controls to have a lower mean 25(OH)D level and mean phosphorus level (respectively, 13.4 ± 7.0, 17.3 ± 7.8; P = 0.004, and 4.6 ± 0.7, 5.1 ± 0.8; P < 0.001). Moreover, fractures were substantially more frequent in children with vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL, χ2: 7.781, df: 1, P = 0.005). In the multivariate logistic model, BMI percentile and vitamin D levels remained significantly associated with increased odds of fracture [1.02 (1.01-1.04), P < 0.001 and 0.93 (0.89-0.98), P = 0.01]. The present study supports an association of high BMI and vitamin D deficiency with an increased odds of fracture occurrence in children. The findings may help physicians to reduce the risk factors of fracture by preventive efforts. Thus, unexpected health costs and morbidity may be minimized.

Surgical Treatment of Meniscal RAMP Lesion.

RAMP lesion, defined as peripheral detachment lesion of posterior horn of medial meniscus, has been shown to accompany anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures and is thought to play an important role in the knee joint stability. In this study, we aimed to present results of postoperative knee function scores and patient satisfaction after surgical repair of RAMP lesion. We included 15 patients who had undergone knee arthroscopy due to RAMP lesion in 2017. We recorded demographic data, diagnosis, pre- and postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee and Tegner-Lysholm scores of all patients. In this study, we included 15 patients: the number of male and female patients was eight and seven, respectively. The mean age of patients was 26.8 (18-35). Associated injuries included ACL rupture in 12 patients, additional medial meniscus lesion in 3 patients, lateral meniscus lesion in 3 patients, and superomedial patellar plicae syndrome in 2 patients. All patients had the same postoperative rehabilitation protocol. Mean preoperative Tegner-Lysholm knee score was 64.4 (53-75), while it was 82.5 (75-89) postoperatively, and mean preoperative and postoperative Visual Analogue Scale score at last postoperative follow-up were 5.26 (2-8) and 1.06 (0-2), respectively. All differences were found to be statistically significant. Meniscal RAMP lesions are commonly associated with ACL ruptures. RAMP repair significantly increases postoperative knee function scores and patient satisfaction following ACL reconstruction.

Correction to: Arthroscopic treatment of focal osteochondral lesions of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

This article [2] was published twice [1] due to a production error. The original article [1] should be considered the version of record and used for citation purposes. The publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for the error and any inconvenience caused.

Application of hybrid external fixation by the "joystick method" in bicondylar tibial plateau fractures: Technical note.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to present clinical outcomes in patients with tibial plateau fractures who were treated with hybrid external fixators and describe the details of our technique. Schanz screws were synchronously applied and used as a joystick for fracture reduction. METHODS: The study population included 72 patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fractures classified as type 41-C2 according to the AO classification. Joint reduction was maintained using Schanz screws transmitted through tibial condyles as a joystick under fluoroscopy. The patients then underwent surgery with these Schanz screws and a hybrid external fixation system. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 39 (21-67) years, and the median follow-up time was 21 (12-35) months. The mean knee flexion and extension were 105° (80°-125°) and 0° (-5°-7°), respectively. The mean varus laxity and valgus laxity were 4.30° (2°-7°) and 3.10° (2°-5°), respectively. Four patients had leg shortness of 0.4-1.1 cm. The external fixators were removed between 8 and 16 weeks (mean = 11 weeks) postoperatively. The KSS scores at the end of 1 year were "excellent" for 48 patients, "good" for 19 patients, and "inadequate" for 5 patients. CONCLUSION: With the synchronous application of the two Schanz screws of 6.5-mm thickness and the two-drill technique under fluoroscopic guidance, we obtained stable reductions over a short period. No patient experienced major complications, and this enabled early weight bearing and a return to daily living activities.

The quality of life analysis of knee prosthesis with complete microprocessor control in trans-femoral amputees.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the patient demographics, etiology of limb loss as well as reporting SF-36 scores for microprocessor prosthesis users in Turkish population. METHODS: We reviewed 72 patients (61 male and 11 female; mean age: 37.7 ± 10.7) with uni-lateral, above knee amputation and a history of regular and microprocessor prosthesis use. All patients were called back for a last follow-up and they were asked to fill a self-administered general health status questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: According to the SF-36 results; physical component score (PCS) score was 46 ± 7.3 and mental components summary (MCS) score was 46.5 ± 9.1. These scores have statistical similarity with Turkish healthy controls, except SF (social functioning) sub-dimension. PCS score for women microprocessor users were significantly lower than men (43.3 vs. 48.7, p = 0.03), but MCS scores were similar in between genders (46 vs. 48.2, p = 0.13). Conventional prostheses usage time was positively correlated with physical function (PF) scores (r = 0.322, p = 0.010). Microprocessor prosthesis usage time was negatively correlated with role limitations due to emotional problem (RE) scores (r = -0,313, p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The quality of life surveys were showed that the loss of an extremity have higher physical and psychological impact on women's physical scores. Overall, SF-36 results were similar in microprocessor using amputee's and Turkish normal controls. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.

Assessment of the kinesiotherapy's efficacy in male athletes with calcaneal apophysitis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of kinesiotherapy used for treating various disorders in athletes on pain and pedal functions in patients with calcaneal apophysitis. METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled study included 22 patients with calcaneal apophysitis aged 8 to 16 years presenting with heel pain among junior athletes of a professional football club. The patients were randomly grouped into two groups, with one group receiving sham tape only and the other kinesio tape. American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The preoperative VAS score of the kinesio tape was 7, and AOFAS score was 62.4; the corresponding figures of the sham group were 6.81 and 70.5, respectively. The kinesio-tape group had a better AOFAS scores at 1st and 3rd month (p < 0.05). Posttreatment AOFAS score was 99.7 ± 0.9 for the kinesio-tape group and 97.4 ± 3.9 for the sham-tape group. Posttreatment VAS score was 0.1 ± 0.3 for the kinesio-tape group and 0.4 ± 0.5 for the sham-tape group (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION: Conservative treatment modalities are preferentially used for its treatment. Kinesiotherapy is one of the treatment methods for the apophysitis. In the literature, our study is the first prospective randomized trial on the efficacy of kinesio taping in calcaneal apophysitis. CONCLUSIONS: Although kinesio taping can be effectively used for the restoration of ankle functions of athletes with calcaneal apophysitis, its role in pain is limited. Since it lacks serious side effects, it can be used in combination with or as an alternative to pharmacological treatment in this patient group.

Arthroscopic treatment of focal osteochondral lesions of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

BACKGROUND: Although arthroscopic surgical treatment of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint involves painful sesamoid excision, synovectomy, debridement, and partial cheilectomy, no gold standard treatment technique has been defined in the literature for hallux rigidus and focal osteochondral lesions. This study aimed to assess the arthroscopic treatment for early-grade focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint and to determine the impact of arthroscopic microhole drill surgery on foot function and activities of daily living in a group of patients who failed conservative treatment. METHODS: This prospective study included 14 patients with hallux rigidus and focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint who underwent surgery in 2014 and were followed on a regular basis thereafter. RESULTS: The patients had mean preoperative VPS (visual pain scale) and AOFAS (American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society)-Hallux scores of 8.14 ± 0.86 SD and 48.64 ± 4.27, respectively; the corresponding postoperative values of both scores were 1.86 ± 0.66 SD and 87.00 ± 3.70, respectively. Both VPS and AOFAS-Hallux scores changed significantly. DISCUSSION: In this prospective study, we explored the impact of arthroscopic microhole drill surgery on foot function and activities of daily living in patients with focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint. Our results showed significant improvements in VPS and AOFAS scores with this treatment. CONCLUSIONS: An arthroscopic microhole drill technique can be used with impressive functional scores and without any complications in patients who failed conservative therapy for hallux rigidus with focal chondral injury.

Arthroscopic treatment of focal osteochondral lesions of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

BACKGROUND: Although arthroscopic surgical treatment of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint involves painful sesamoid excision, synovectomy, debridement, and partial cheilectomy, no gold standard treatment technique has been defined in the literature for hallux rigidus and focal osteochondral lesions. This study aimed to assess the arthroscopic treatment for early grade focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint and to determine the impact of arthroscopic microhole drill surgery on foot function and activities of daily living in a group of patients who failed conservative treatment. METHODS: This prospective study included 14 patients with hallux rigidus and focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint who underwent surgery in 2014 and were followed on a regular basis thereafter. RESULTS: The patients had mean preoperative VPS (visual pain score) and AOFAS (American Orthopedic Foot and ankle Society)-Hallux scores of 8.14 ± 0.86 SD and 48.64 ± 4.27, respectively; the corresponding postoperative values of both scores were 1.86 ± 0.66 SD and 87.00 ± 3.70. Both VPS and AOFAS-Hallux scores changed significantly. DISCUSSION: In this prospective study, we explored the impact of arthroscopic microhole drill surgery on foot function and activities of daily living in patients with focal osteochondral lesions of the first MTP joint. Our results showed significant improvements in VPS and AOFAS scores with this treatment. CONCLUSIONS: An arthroscopic microhole drill technique can be used with impressive functional scores and without any complications in patients who failed conservative therapy for hallux rigidus with focal chondral injury.

Bilateral femoral neck fractures secondary to chronic carbamazepine use treated by bilateral dynamic hip screw: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral femoral neck fractures without major trauma are rare and related to several conditions. Insufficiency fractures due to the use of anti-epileptic drug are one of the rare causes. This case study is about bilateral femoral neck insufficiency fractures resulting from chronic use of anti-epileptic drug. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 26-year-old woman was referred to our emergency department with a complaint of bilateral groin pain and a 12-year history of irregular carbamazepine use. The diagnosis was bilateral femoral neck insufficiency fractures due to irregular long-term carbamazepine use. One-stage bilateral dynamic hip screw osteosynthesis was performed. After 2 years of follow up, good result was obtained. DISCUSSION: There are several risk factors for insufficiency fracture, and antiepileptic drug related osteoporosis is one of the reason. These drugs have negative effect on bone methabolism and bone mineral density. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature of bilateral femoral neck insufficiency fracture due to chronic carbamazepine use. Joint and bone pain with a history of long-term use of anti-epileptic drug should be investigated carefully, and insufficiency fractures should be kept in mind.