Assessing the multitargeted antidiabetic potential of three pomegranate peel-specific metabolites: An in silico and pharmacokinetics study.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs due to impaired secretion of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. Recent studies show that the antidiabetic drugs used to control hyperglycemic levels are associated with undesirable adverse effects. Therefore, developing a safe and effective medicine with antidiabetic potential is needed. In this context, in silico studies are considered a rapid, effectual, and cost-effective method in drug discovery procedures. It is evident from the literature that plant-based natural components have shown promising outcomes in drug development to alleviate various diseases and hence have diversified the screening of potential antidiabetic agents. Purposely, in the present study, an in silico approach was performed on three Punica granatum peel metabolites (punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid). All these three compounds were docked against nine protein targets involved in glucose metabolism (GFAT, PTP1ß, PPAR-ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, GCK, and AQP-2). These three pomegranate-specific compounds demonstrated significant interactions with GFAT, PTP1ß, PPAR-ᵞ, TKIR, RBP4, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, GCK, and AQP-2 protein targets. Specifically, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid revealed significant binding scores (-9.2, -9.3, -8.1, -9.1, -8.5, -11.3, -9.2, -9.5, -10.1 kcal/mol; -10, -9.9, -8.5, -8.9, -10.4, -9.0, -10.2, -9.4, -9.0 kcal/mol; and -8.1, -8.0, -8.0, -6.8, -8.7, -7.8, -8.3, -8.1, -8.1 kcal/mol, respectively), with nine protein targets mentioned above. Hence, punicalin, punicalagin, and ellagic acid can be promising candidates in drug discovery to manage diabetes. Furthermore, in vivo and clinical trials must be conducted to validate the outcomes of the current study.

Sustainable Program Assessment Practices: A Review of the ABET and NCAAA Computer Information Systems Accreditation Process.

Program outcome assessment is a complex process that demands careful planning and resources in order to accurately assess higher-order thinking skills. A well-defined assessment approach provides detailed insights into program weaknesses and leads to continuous improvement. Whereas a poor assessment approach does not reflect the underlying weaknesses and may result in a useless effort. Furthermore, each accreditation body may have a different recommended outcome measurement approach. As a result, academic institutions may make adhoc choices just to satisfy accreditation requirements rather than designing a sustainable measurement approach. On the other hand, the magnitude of huge tasks for satisfying multiple accreditation bodies results in fatigue and mental stress for academic staff. ABET is a well-known international program accreditation body, and NCAAA is a local accreditation body for academic programs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this paper, we have documented that how a sustainable outcome measurement mechanism can be designed to satisfy both ABET and NCAAA requirements. The core contribution of this paper is relevant specifically for academic programs in the Kingdom striving to meet both ABET and NCAAA requirements and is also relevant for all education programs to design an appropriate program assessment approach to ensure a sustainable process to foster better learning among students.