The important role of whole-process computed tomography guidance for percutaneous gastrostomy in esophageal cancer patients who are unsuitable for or have had unsuccessful attempts with endoscopic and fluoroscopic gastrostomy.

PURPOSE: To explore the value of clinical application with the whole process computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous gastrostomy in esophageal tumor patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 32 esophageal tumor patients in whom endoscopic gastrostomy or fluoroscopy guided gastrostomy were considered too dangerous or impossible due to the esophagus complete obstruction, complicate esophageal mediastinal fistula, esophageal trachea fistula or severe heart disease. All of the 32 patients were included in this study from 2 medical center and underwent the gastrostomy under whole process CT guided. RESULTS: All of the gastrostomy procedure was finished successfully under whole process CT guided and the technical success rate was 100%. The average time for each operation was 27 min. No serious complications occurred and the minor complications occurred in 3 patients, including local infection, severe hyperplasia of granulation tissue and tube dislodgment. There were no procedure related deaths. CONCLUSION: The technical success rate of whole process CT guided percutaneous gastrostomy is high and the complication is low. This technique can be used feasible and effectively in some special patients.

Prophylactic Effects of Hemp Seed Oil on Perimenopausal Depression: A Role of HPA Axis.

Hemp seed, the dried fruit of Cannabis sativa L. (Moraceae), has been extensively documented as a folk source of food due to its nutritional and functional value. This study evaluated the antidepressant effect of hemp seed oil (HSO) during its estrogen-like effect in Perimenopausal depression (PMD) rats induced by ovariectomy combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (OVX-CUMS). Female SD rats (SPF, 10 weeks, sham operated group, ovariectomy (OVX) model group, ovariectomy - chronic unpredictable mild stress (OVX-CUMS) group, HSO + OVX-CUMS group, fluoxetine (FLU) + OVX-CUMS group, n=8) were subjected to treatment with HSO (4.32 g/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 28 days (20 mL/kg by ig). Sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), open field test (OFT), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and estrogen receptor ß (ERß) expression, estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), cortisol (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), norepinephrine (NE), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) levels are measured to evaluate the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The results showed that OVX-CUMS significantly decrease sucrose preference rate in SPT, increase immobility time in FST and OFT, and decrease movement distance and stand-up times in OFT. HSO treatment significantly improves depression-like behaviors, upregulates the expression of ERα and ERß, improves HPO axis function by increasing E2 levels and decreasing FSH and LH levels, reverses HPA axis hyperactivation by decreasing CORT, ACTH, and CRH levels, and upregulates NE, 5-HT, and 5HIAA levels in model rats. The findings suggested that HSO could improve depression-like behavior in OVX-CUMS rats by regulating HPO/HPA axis function and neurotransmitter disturbance.

Downstaging and Conversation Strategy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Branch Tumor Thrombus: TACE, 125I Seed Implantation, and RFA for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Portal Vein Branch Tumor Thrombus.

Background and Objectives: Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with 125I seed implantation is an effective treatment modality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). However, there are no reports on the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) after downstaging in such patients. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of TACE in combination with 125I seed implantation and RFA for the treatment of HCC complicated by PVTT. Methods: 49 patients diagnosed with HCC with PVTT between February 2015 and December 2016 were included. All patients were clinically or pathologically diagnosed with advanced HCC, intrahepatic lesions ≤3, and a single tumor diameter ≤70 mm, total diameter ≤100 mm. PVTT was limited to the unilateral portal vein branches. All the patients were treated with TACE combined with PVTT 125I seed implantation. The size and activity of intrahepatic lesions and PVTT were evaluated using enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 3 months after treatment, and other indicators were combined to determine the success of downstaging. Results: A total of 31 patients were successfully downstaged, while 18 patients did not achieve downstaging owing to the progression of intrahepatic lesions or PVTT activity/progression, the success rate of the downstaging was 63.27%. All 31 patients with successful downstaging underwent RFA for intrahepatic lesions. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 90.3%, 80.6%, and 48.4%, respectively. The median overall survival was 36 months (95% CI: 24.7-47.3). Conclusion: 125I seed implantation in combination with TACE can effectively inactivate PVTT and achieve downstaging. Furthermore, the addition of RFA can significantly improve patient survival.

Transarterial chemoembolization combined with apatinib with or without PD-1 inhibitors in BCLC stage C hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with apatinib plus PD-1 inhibitors (TACE-AP) compared with TACE combined with apatinib (TACE-A) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to explore the prognostic factors affecting patient survival. Methods: Data from patients with unresectable HCC who received TACE-AP or TACE-A from December 2018 to June 2021 were collected retrospectively. The main outcome of the study was overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors affecting survival, while the secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), the objective response rate (ORR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to reduce patient selection bias, and the random survival forest (RF) model was employed to explore prognostic factors affecting patient survival. Results: We enrolled 216 patients, including 148 and 68 patients in the TACE-A and TACE-AP groups, respectively. A total of 59 pairs of patients were matched using PSM analysis. Before and after PSM, the OS, PFS, and ORR in the TACE-AP group were significantly higher than in the TACE-A group (before, OS: 22.5 months vs. 12.8 months, P < 0.001; PFS: 6.7 months vs. 4.3 months, P < 0.001; ORR: 63.2% vs. 34.5%, P < 0.001; after, OS: 22.5 months vs. 12.0 months, P < 0.001; PFS: 6.7 months vs. 4.3 months, P < 0.001; ORR: 62.7% vs. 30.5%, P = 0.003). Multivariate Cox regression and RF models before and after PSM analysis revealed that the main prognostic factors affecting survival were tumor number, portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) invasion, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, total bilirubin (TBIL) level, and treatment. There was no significant difference in TRAEs between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with TACE-A, TACE-AP significantly improved OS, PFS, and ORR in patients with advanced HCC. The number of tumors, PVTT invasion, AFP levels, TBIL level, and treatment were significant prognostic factors associated with patient survival. All observed TRAEs were mild and controllable.

Prospective study of TACE combined with sorafenib vs TACE combined with 125I seed implantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and arterioportal fistulas.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of TACE combined with sorafenib and TACE combined with 125I seed implantation in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) combined with arterioportal fistulas (APFs), and discuss the efficacy and safety of TACE combined with 125I seed implantation. Patients and methods: Between January 2017 and December 2018, the clinical data of patients with HCC complicated with PVTT and APFs who were admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, and Henan Provincial People's Hospital were prospectively collected. The patients were divided into the TACE+sorafenib (TACE-S) group based on their treatment willingness. There were 26 and 32 patients in the TACE-S and TACE-125I groups, respectively. Both groups of patients underwent APFs occlusion during TACE therapy. The embolization effect of APFs was observed and recorded in the two groups, the efficacy of intrahepatic lesions and PVTT was evaluated, and the effects of different treatment methods on the efficacy were analysed. Results: All patients completed the 3 months follow-up. The improvement rates of APFs in TACE-S and TACE-125I groups were 30.77% (8/26) and 68.75% (22/32), respectively, and difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 8.287, P=0.004). The median survival time of TACE-S and TACE-125I groups was 8.00 months and 12.8 months, respectively (χ2 = 7.106, P=0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that the PVTT subtype (IIa/IIb) and treatment method (TACE-S or TACE-125I) were independent factors affecting the recanalization of APFs in patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: For patients with HCC with PVTT and APFs, TACE combined with 125I seed implantation can effectively treat portal vein tumor thrombus, thereby reducing the recanalization of APFs and prolonging the survival time of patients.

Plasma arginase-1 as a predictive marker for early transarterial chemoembolization refractoriness in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective: To explore the relationship between plasma arginase-1 (ARG1) and early transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) refractoriness in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and develop nomograms for predicting early TACE refractoriness. Methods: A total of 200 patients with HCC, treated with TACE, were included in the study, including 120 in the training set and 80 in the validation set. Pre-treatment enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detected the plasma ARG1 levels of the patient, and independent predictors of early TACE refractoriness were determined using a multivariate logistic regression model, based on which a predictive model was developed using a nomogram. Results: Risk of early TACE refractoriness was negatively correlated with plasma ARG1 levels, and multivariate logistic analysis showed tumour size (OR = 1.138, 95% CI = 1.006-1.288, P = 0.041), multiple tumors (OR=4.374, 95% CI = 1.189-16.089, P = 0.026), platelet count (OR = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.980-0.999, P = 0.036), and plasma ARG1 levels (OR = 0.209, 95% CI = 0.079-0.551, P = 0.002) to be independent prognostic factors for early TACE refractoriness.The AUC value for the nomogram of the training cohort was 0.786 (95% CI = 0.702-0.870), and the validation set AUC value was 0.833 (95% CI = 0.791-0.875).The decision curve analysis suggested that the nomogram had good clinical utility. Conclusion: High plasma ARG1 expression was associated with a lower incidence of early TACE refractoriness. The nomogram constructed based on four independent prognostic factors could facilitate an individualised prediction of the incidence of early TACE refractoriness.

Local ablation of pulmonary malignancies abutting pleura: Evaluation of midterm local efficacy and safety.

Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of local ablation treatment for adjacent pleural lung tumors. Materials and methods: Sixty-two patients who underwent pulmonary nodule ablation at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University were enrolled between January 2016 and December 2020. All patients were followed up with enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging within 48 h after treatment and 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. All patients were followed for at least 12 months. Results: A total of 84 targeted tumors (62 patients) underwent 94 ablations. In the 12-month follow-up images, 69 of the 84 targeted tumors were completely ablated, 15 had incomplete ablation, and the 12-month incomplete ablation rate was 17.8% (15/84). Of the 15 incompletely ablated tumors, six had partial responses, five had stable disease, and four had progressive disease. The most common adverse event was pneumothorax, with an incidence of 54.8% (34/62). The second most common complication was pleural effusion, with an incidence rate of 41.9% (26/62). The incidence of needle-tract bleeding was 21% (13/62) and all patients were cured using hemostatic drugs. Serious complications were bronchopleural fistula in four patients (6.5%, 4/62) and needle tract metastasis in one patient. Four cases of bronchopleural fistula were found in the early stages and were cured after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion: Local ablation is effective for the treatment of adjacent pleural lung tumors, and its operation is safe and controllable.

Radiofrequency ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma adjacent to the second hepatic hilus.

PURPOSE: To explore the efficacy and safety of using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) adjacent to the second hepatic hilus. METHODS: Between February 2011 and June 2013, 17 patients with HCC underwent combination therapy of TACE and RFA under DSA and CT guidance at our institution. The 17 patients had a total of 23 hepatic tumors, 17 of which were adjacent to the second hepatic hilus. RESULTS: TACE combined with RFA was performed successfully in all 17 patients with no mortalities or major morbidities. During the 1-month follow-up, tumors of 15 patients (88.2%) were completely ablated after one therapy session and 2 patients had detectable tumor residue. During the follow-up time period (range 6-52 months), local tumor progression developed in 1 patient (1/17, 5.9%) and both local tumor progression and new tumors appeared in 1 patient (1/17, 5.9%). Also, new tumors developed in the untreated portions of the liver in 8 patients (8/17, 47.1%). No distant metastasis was found. Of the 17 patients, 6 (35.3%) died due to tumor progression (3/17, 17.6%), liver failure (2/17, 11.8%), or massive hemorrhage of the gastrointestinal tract (1/17, 5.9%). The overall survival rates were 94.1% (16/17), 82.4% (14/17), and 61.8% (11/17) at 12, 18, and 24 months, respectively, and the median survival time was 25 months (95% CI 18-27). CONCLUSION: Treatment using combination of TACE and RFA is an effective and safe therapeutic strategy for treating HCC with tumor(s) adjacent to the second hepatic hilus.

Analysis of the factors influencing retrograde removal of double J ureteral stents using a simple snare technique in female patients.

BACKGROUND: To identify the factors related to the effectiveness of retrograde removal of double J ureteral stents using a simple snare technique in female patients. METHODS: It was a retrospective observational study. From 2012 to 2017, 128 female patients underwent fluoroscopy-guided, retrograde double J stent removal with or without replacement using a simple snare technique. The position of the tip of the double J stent in the urinary bladder was classified according to position types A, B, C, and D, corresponding to the ipsilateral lateral, ipsilateral medial, contralateral medial, and contralateral lateral quadrants of the urinary bladder, respectively. The factors influencing the fluoroscopy time upon removal of the double J stent were analyzed. RESULTS: Technical success rate of 312 procedures performed was 97.44% (304/312) with the mean fluoroscopy time of 12.68±7.34 minutes. Eight double J stent removal procedures failed, and all of these occurred in the position type D patients. The position type and the number of curls of the double J stent had a significant influence on the fluoroscopy time (P<0.05). In addition, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the position type and number of curls in the double J stent were factors independently influenced the fluoroscopy time (P=0.001). Type D exhibited the longest fluoroscopy time followed by types B and C, and type A had the shortest fluoroscopy time. There were only minor complications consisting of urethral orifice pain (5.1%, 16/312) or gross hematuria (3.2%, 10/312), all resolved conservatively within 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The position type and the number of curls in a double J stent have a significant influence on the effectiveness of retrograde removal of double J stents using a simple snare technique in female patients.

Gastroesophageal junction cancer with hepatic metastasis: Effective Treatment using microsphere embolization combined with transarterial infusion chemotherapy.

PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of microsphere embolization plus transarterial infusion chemotherapy for the treatment of gastroesophageal junction cancer with hepatic metastasis. METHODS: Sixty patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer and hepatic metastasis were randomly divided into two groups: group A (treatment group), which was treated with transarterial infusion chemotherapy plus microsphere embolization for gastroesophageal cancer, and with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatic metastasis; and group B (control group), which was treated with transarterial infusion chemotherapy for gastroesophageal cancer, and with transarterial chemoembolization for hepatic metastasis. The chemotherapy regimen used consisted of oxaliplatin plus FUDR. The embolization agent used for gastroesophageal cancer and the hepatic metastasis were Embosphere and ultra-liquefied lipiodol, respectively. RESULTS: The median survival time of patients in group A was 19 months, with survival rates at 12, 18, and 24 months of 93.3%, 60.0%, and 23.3%, respectively. The median survival time of patients in group B was 13 months, with survival rates at 12, 18, and 24 months of 60.0%, 30.0%, and 3.3%, respectively. There was a significant difference in survival between the two groups (P = 0.00). One month after treatment, the severity of dysphagia was significantly less in group A, as compared to that in group B (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Treatment of gastroesophageal junction cancer with hepatic metastasis by transarterial infusion chemotherapy plus microsphere embolization can rapidly reduce tumor size near the gastroesophageal junction. This treatment is an effective therapeutic option for these patients as it can relieve dysphagia and improve long-term survival rate.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Treated With Transarterial Chemoembolization and Sorafenib vs. 125Iodine Implantation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study investigated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with CT-guided 125iodine seed implantation for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with first-branch portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). METHODS: This prospective, controlled, multicenter study included HCC patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C disease and PVTT in the right and/or left portal veins. Patients were treated with either TACE and sorafenib or TACE and CT-guided 125iodine seed implantation and regularly evaluated for clinical response and adverse events, with treatment termination resulting from declining clinical status, loss to follow-up, or death. RESULTS: This study demonstrated a significant between-group difference in median overall survival (OS); therefore, it was terminated early. A total of 123 patients were included in this study, with 52 patients in the TACE-sorafenib group and 71 patients in the TACE-125iodine group, without significant differences in baseline characteristics between groups. The median OS was 8.3 months (95% CI: 6.105-10.495) in the TACE-sorafenib group and 13.8 months (95% CI: 9.519-18.081) in the TACE-125iodine group. In a subgroup analysis of type IIa versus type IIb PVTT, the median OS was 17.5 months for type IIa and 7.1 months for IIb in the TACE-125iodine group. The median OS was 9.3 months for IIa and 4.0 months for IIb in the TACE-sorafenib group. Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that the PVTT type and treatment strategy were significant independent factors affecting OS. The objective response rates (ORR) for intrahepatic lesions and PVTT showed significant differences between groups. Most patients in both groups experienced minor adverse events related to TACE. The overall incidence of sorafenib-related adverse events or toxic effects was 90.4% in TACE-sorafenib group. In the TACE-125iodine group, the incidence of pneumothorax and minor hepatic subcapsular hemorrhage were 7.04% and 9.86%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that TACE-125iodine treatment significantly enhanced survival of patients with HCC and type II PVTT, especially subtype IIa, with minimal adverse events. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trials Database, identifier ChiCTR-ONN-16007929.

Airway stent placement for direct cricothyroid membrane puncture anesthesia with airway stricture or fistula.

Context: Tracheal stent implantation with bronchoscope has become one of the main methods for the treatment of airway stenosis. Bronchoscopy is usually performed under local or general anesthesia. Aims: The aim of this study is to report our experience with direct cricothyroid membrane puncture anesthesia for airway stent placement. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 48 consecutive patients who underwent direct cricothyroid membrane puncture anesthesia for tracheal or bronchial stent placement were reviewed. The puncture site was chosen as the interspace between the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage. Through the cricothyroid membrane, lidocaine was injected into the trachea to suppress the cough reflex. The airway stent was placed fluoroscopically at 48 patients at the trachea or bronchus. The success rate and complications of cricothyroid membrane puncture anesthesia were assessed. Results: Anesthesia was successfully performed in all 48 patients. Six patients needed 2-4 mL supplementary lidocaine by injection from the catheter or stent delivery system. Technical success of the stent insertion was achieved in all 48 cases. Small asymptomatic subcutaneous hemorrhage occurred at the puncture site in two patients, which disappeared 1 or 2 days after stent placement. Conclusion: Direct cricothyroid membrane puncture anesthesia for airway metal stent insertion is safe and effective.

Clinical observation of local intervention combined with camrelizumab and apatinib in the treatment of metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma.

Aims: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor, local interventional therapy, and anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (mSTS). Settings and Design: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of patients with mSTS who started treatment between September 2018 and June 2020 at our hospital. Materials and Methods: Overall, 33 patients with different subtypes of mSTS were included. Most primary tumors originated from the lungs, and the rest were scattered throughout the body. All patients were treated with camrelizumab combined with apatinib within 5 days of local interventional therapy using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary end points were objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and patient safety. Results: The median PFS, median overall survival (OS), ORR, and DCR were 8.8 months, 18.5 months, 36.4%, and 75.8%, respectively. Patients (n = 20) treated with RFA combined with TACE showed better responses than those treated with RFA alone (n = 13), with mPFS of 9.3 and 7.9 months (P = 0.044) and mOS of 19.0 and 16.2 months (P = 0.043), respectively. Patients (n = 8) with alveolar soft part sarcomas showed excellent efficacy, with ORR, DCR, mPFS, and mOS of 62.5%, 87.5%, 11.5 months, and 22.5 months, respectively. Grades 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 12 of 33 patients. Conclusions: Local intervention therapy combined with camrelizumab and apatinib is effective and safe for patients with mSTS and should be investigated in future clinical trials.

Transarterial chemoembolization with radiofrequency ablation versus hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacies of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with hepatectomy. Prognostic factors for the patient groups were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data of 314 newly diagnosed cases of hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the Milan criteria were studied from January 2012 to December 2013 in our hospital. Forty-four patients were excluded owing to loss to follow-up (27 cases) or missing imaging data (17 cases); finally, 270 patients were included. All patients underwent TACE combined with RFA (TR group, 136 patients) or hepatectomy (HT group, 134 patients). Efficacy evaluation and prognostic factor analysis of the groups were conducted. Overall survival (OS) rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate, and major complications were recorded. RESULTS: The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates and median survival times were 98.5%, 83.1%, 66.2%, 37.1%, and 46 months, respectively, for the TR group and 89.6%, 69.4%, 53.7%, 30.3%, and 38 months, respectively, for the HT group. There were significant statistical differences in survival rate and median survival time between the groups. Median PFS was 21 months for the TR group and 8 months for the HT group. Difference between groups was statistically significant. Multivariate analysis showed treatment method, tumor diameter and number, Child-Pugh classification, antiviral therapy, and alpha-fetoprotein levels were the independent factors affecting OS rates. Treatment mode and tumor diameter and number were the independent factors affecting PFS. CONCLUSION: TACE with RFA is superior to hepatectomy in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment beyond the Milan criteria.

Dietary vitamin B intake and the risk of esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Several epidemiology studies have explored the association between dietary B vitamins' intake and the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, the results remain inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate such association. METHODS: Literature retrieval was performed using PubMed (Medline), ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library electronic databases for all studies published from database inception to December 2017. RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 19 studies and showed an overall decreased risk of EC (OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.87) in association with multivitamin B (ie, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, and B12) dietary intake. In a subgroup analysis based on vitamin B subclass, B1, B3, B6, and B9 vitamins were associated with decreased EC risk (vitamin B1: OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.56-0.82; vitamin B3: OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.53-0.94; vitamin B6: OR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.49-0.83; and vitamin B9: OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.55-0.86). By contrast, no association was detected between dietary vitamin B2 and vitamin B5 intake and EC risk (vitamin B2: OR=0.86, 95% CI: 0.64-1.16; vitamin B5: OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.20-1.20), whereas a potential non-linear dose-response association was found between dietary vitamin B12 intake and EC risk. A statistically significant, inverse association was observed for an increase of 100 µg/day in supplemental vitamin B6 and B9 and EC risk (vitamin B6: OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99; vitamin B9: OR= 0.89; 95% CI: 0.86-0.94). CONCLUSION: These findings support that vitamin B may have an influence on carcinogenesis of the esophagus. Vitamin B1, B3, B6, B9 showed a decreased risk of EC, and vitamin B12 showed an increased risk of EC.

Comparison of the Efficacy and Prognostic Factors of Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Microwave Ablation versus Transarterial Chemoembolization Alone in Patients with a Large Solitary or Multinodular Hepatocellular Carcinomas.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and prognostic factors associated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with microwave ablation (MWA) versus TACE alone for a large solitary or multinodular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved 258 patients with a large solitary or multinodular HCCs (not more than 10 tumors) who underwent TACE + MWA (n = 92) or TACE alone (n = 166) between July 2011 and April 2015. Local tumor control, survival outcomes, and complications were compared between the two groups. Prognostic factors for time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The median duration of follow-up was 21.2 months (range, 4-45 months). The median TTP and OS were 12.5 months and 26.6 months, respectively, for the TACE + MWA group and 6.7 months and 17.1 months, respectively, for the TACE group (p < 0.001). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year OS rates were 85.9, 59.8, and 32.6%, respectively, for the TACE + MWA group and 59.0, 40.4, and 11.4%, respectively, for the TACE group (p < 0.001). The corresponding recurrence rates were 47.8, 78.3, and 94.6% for the TACE + MWA group, respectively, and 74.7, 96.4, and 97.6%, respectively, for the TACE group (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses showed that the treatment method, tumor size, and tumor number were significant prognostic factors for TTP and OS. Conclusion: TACE + MWA appears to have more advantages compared to TACE in prolonging OS, with a satisfactory TTP, for inpatients with solitary large or multinodular HCCs. Treatment method, tumor size, and tumor number are significant prognostic factors for TTP and OS. Further randomized, multi-center, prospective trials are required to confirm the findings of this study.

Sorafenib improves lipiodol deposition in transarterial chemoembolization of Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a long-term, retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Though synergy of sorafenib and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well discussed in previous reports, association of lipiodol retention by sorafenib addition to TACE with the survival outcomes remain elusive. Therefore, we studied the impact of sorafenib addition to TACE on survival outcomes mediated by lipiodol retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a long-term, retrospective, single-center study using medical records of patients diagnosed with HCC at the Department of Interventional Radiology of Zhengzhou University Affiliated Cancer Hospital (China) between April 2004 and March 2012. RESULTS: Lipiodol deposition of > 50% was significantly increased in TACE + sorafenib group (70.87%) compared to TACE alone group (45.11%) (P = 0.0001). Significant increase in lipiodol deposition with sorafenib treatment was observed compared to TACE alone group (OR = 0.449, P = 0.041). The median overall survival in TACE + sorafenib and TACE alone groups were 38 months [95% CI = 9.772-56.228] and 31 months [95% CI = 21.855-40.145] respectively. Also, the hazard of death was comparatively greater in TACE alone group than TACE + sorafenib group [HR = 1.071]. Response rate to the therapy significantly increased after sorafenib administration to TACE patients, [compared to TACE alone treatment [69/103 (66.99%)] vs 55/133 (41.35%)], P = 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: Lipiodol deposition is significantly increased upon sorafenib addition after TACE. However, there was no significant impact of lipiodol deposition on the survival benefits exerted by the synergistic combination and hence, future prospective trails are warranted to validate the findings of this study.

Transarterial chemoembolization combined with computed tomography-guided 125iodine implantation enhances survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus.

We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with computed tomography-guided 125iodine implantation (TACE-125iodine) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with type B portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). From medical records, we determined that 50 patients who received 125iodine implantation 4-7 days after the first TACE session showed better survival than 50 patients who received only TACE (median survival, 13.1 vs. 6.0 months; P<0.01). Moreover, the PVTT control rate was higher in the TACE-125iodine than TACE alone group (78% vs. 18%; P<0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the TACE-125iodine procedure was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. We also observed that bilirubin levels were increased at 4 weeks, indicating that 125iodine seeding in the PVTT beneficially impacted the small bile duct, which is proximal to the portal vein. No severe adverse events were observed in patients that received 125iodine seed implantation, and the mild adverse events were successfully treated. This study shows that TACE-125iodine therapy enhances patient survival with minimal adverse events. It is also more affordable than sorafenib, which is currently the recommended therapy for advanced HCC patients with PVTT.