Efficient fractionation of bamboo residue by autohydrolysis and deep eutectic solvents pretreatment.

Bamboo processing residue, which is rich in parenchyma cells, was treated as huge waste in bamboo processing industry, such as reassemble bamboo and bamboo flooring. Herein, autohydrolysis and rapid different deep eutectic solvents (DES) delignification strategy were consecutively performed to remove hemicelluloses and lignin from bamboo processing residue. The xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with high yield (34.35%) was achieved in the autohydrolysis process. Results showed that alkaline DES pretreatment resulted in the highest glucose yield (88.22%) and relatively high delignification rate (83.75%) as well as well-preserved lignin structures. However, the lignin fractions obtained under acidic DES conditions were tending to assemble into lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) and having excellent antioxidant activity as compared to those obtained from alkaline DES system. In brief, the combination of autohydrolysis and rapid DES delignification can achieve orientated fractionation of the components from the industrialized bamboo.

A synergistic hydrothermal-deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment for rapid fractionation and targeted valorization of hemicelluloses and cellulose from poplar wood.

A synergistic pretreatment that realizing effective fractionation and targeted valorization can guarantee the implementability to future biorefinery scenario. In the present study, a stepwise approach using hydrothermal and deep eutectic solvents (DES) pretreatment was developed to preferentially dissociate hemicelluloses and further remove lignin from poplar, while retaining a cellulose-rich substrate that can be easily digested via enzymatic saccharification to obtain glucose. Results showed that the hydrothermal filtrate is mainly composed of xylooligosaccharide (XOS), monosaccharides, byproducts, and xylan-type hemicelluloses, which have homogenous structures and uniform molecular weights distribution as well as excellent antioxidant activity. Subsequent DES pretreatment further removed the lignin barriers, leading to a remarkable increase in the saccharification efficiency from 15.72% to 96.33% under optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis. In short, the integrated pretreatment is effective for dissociating and chemical conversion of poplar wood, which was reasonable to promote the frontier of highly available biorefinery.

Triptolide alleviates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting IKKß stimulated LOX production.

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is involved in fibrosis by catalyzing collagen cross-linking. Previous work observed that Triptolide (TPL) alleviated radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), but it is unknown whether the anti-RIPF effect of TPL is related to LOX. In a mouse model of RIPF, we found that LOX persistently increased in RIPF which was significantly lowered by TPL. Excessive LOX aggravated fibrotic lesions in RIPF, while LOX inhibition mitigated RIPF. Irradiation enhanced the transcription and synthesis of LOX by lung fibroblasts through IKKß/NFκB activation, and siRNA knockdown IKKß largely abolished LOX production. By interfering radiation induced IKKß activation, TPL prevented NFκB nuclear translocation and DNA binding, and potently decreased LOX synthesis. Our results demonstrate that the anti-RIPF effect of TPL is associated with reduction of LOX production which mediated by inhibition of IKKß/NFκB pathway.