Bioengineered exosomal-membrane-camouflaged abiotic nanocarriers: neurodegenerative diseases, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

A bio-inspired strategy has recently been developed for camouflaging nanocarriers with biomembranes, such as natural cell membranes or subcellular structure-derived membranes. This strategy endows cloaked nanomaterials with improved interfacial properties, superior cell targeting, immune evasion potential, and prolonged duration of systemic circulation. Here, we summarize recent advances in the production and application of exosomal membrane-coated nanomaterials. The structure, properties, and manner in which exosomes communicate with cells are first reviewed. This is followed by a discussion of the types of exosomes and their fabrication methods. We then discuss the applications of biomimetic exosomes and membrane-cloaked nanocarriers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, imaging, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we appraise the current challenges associated with the clinical translation of biomimetic exosomal membrane-surface-engineered nanovehicles and evaluate the future of this technology.

Hydrothermally Synthesized Li4Ti5O12 Nanotubes Anode Material with Enhanced Li-Ion Battery Performances.

Hollow Li4Ti5O12 nanotubes were synthesized by stirring in a heated oil bath using P25 as titanium source and lithium hydroxide as lithium source. The as-prepared samples displayed a nanotube structure, with diameter of about 20~50 nm and length of 0.4 µm. The specific surface area of as-prepared samples reached 153.2 m²g-1. It is demonstrated that the Li4Ti5O12 nanotubes with improved performance can be obtained by hollow structure and high specific surface area. In consequence, it delivered a high reversible initial discharge capacity of 174.2 mAh g-1 at 0.5 C rate. A stable capacity of 170.9 mAh g-1 was delivered when the rate was reduced back to 0.5 C, suggesting good structural stability of the nanocable, high reversibility even after high rate charge- discharge, and good cycle stability. In addition, a capacity of 134.9 mAh g-1 and 98 mAhg-1 could be retained at a high rate of 5 C and 10 C, indicating excellent rate performances.