Diagnosing contact dermatitis using machine learning: A review.

BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML) offers an opportunity in contact dermatitis (CD) research, where with full clinical picture, may support diagnosis and patch test accuracy. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to summarise the existing literature on how ML can be applied to CD in its entirety. METHODS: Embase, Medline, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library were searched from inception to February 7, 2024, for primary literature reporting on ML models in CD. RESULTS: 7834 articles were identified in the search, with 110 moving to full-text review, and six articles included. Two used ML to identify key biomarkers to help distinguish between allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), three used image data to distinguish between ACD and ICD, and one used clinical and demographical data to predict the risk of positive patch tests. All studies used supervision in their ML model training with a total of 49 704 patients across all data sets. There was sparse reporting of the accuracy of these models. CONCLUSIONS: Although the available research is still limited, there is evidence to suggest that ML has potential to support diagnostic outcomes in a clinical setting. Further research on the use of ML in clinical practice is recommended.

Evaluation of a simple method for testing aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy in New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales.

NDM-producing carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections became a challenge for clinicians. Combination therapy of aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam is a prudent choice for these infections. However, there is still no recommendation of a practically feasible method for testing aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy. We proposed a simple method for testing aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy and compared it with reference broth micro-dilution and other methods. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales clinical isolates were screened for the presence of the NDM gene by the Carba R test. NDM harbouring isolates were tested for aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy by broth microdilution (reference method), E strip-disc diffusion, double disc diffusion, and disc replacement methods. In the newly proposed method, the MHA medium was supplemented with ceftazidime-avibactam (corresponding to an aztreonam concentration of 4µg/ml). The MHA medium was then inoculated with the standard inoculum (0.5 McFarland) of the test organism. An AZT disc (30 µg) was placed on the supplemented MHA medium, and the medium was incubated overnight at 37°C. Aztreonam zone diameter on the supplemented MHA medium (in the presence of ceftazidime-avibactam) was compared with that from a standard disc diffusion plate (without ceftazidime-avibactam), performed in parallel. Interpretation of synergy was based on the restoration of aztreonam zone diameter (in the presence of ceftazidime-avibactam) crossing the CLSI susceptibility breakpoint, i.e., ≥ 21 mm. Of 37 carbapenem-resistant NDM-producing isolates, 35 (94.6%) were resistant to aztreonam and tested synergy positive by the proposed method. Its sensitivity and specificity were 97.14% and 100%, respectively. Cohen's kappa value showed substantial agreement of the reference method with the proposed method (κ = 0.78) but no other methods. The proposed method is simple, easily interpretable, and showed excellent sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with the reference method. Therefore, the new method is feasible and reliable for testing aztreonam synergy with avibactam in NDM-producing Enterobacterales.

Marching Ahead through the Pandemic: Continuing Anesthesia Services in COVID Era-Our Experience from a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre.

Swati BhanIntroduction This paper aims to provide an overview of the administrative and clinical preparations done in a tertiary care cancer hospital in continuing operation theatre (OT) services through the COVID pandemic. Methods Retrospective data collection, data for the past 1.5 years (COVID period) March 2020 to August 2021 were compared to surgical output for a similar duration of time before the COVID era (September 2018-February 2020). Results A total of 1,022 surgeries were done under anesthesia in the COVID period as against 1,710 surgeries done in a similar time frame in the pre-COVID era. Overall, we saw a 40%drop in the total number of cases. Thorax, abdominal, and miscellaneous surgeries (soft tissue sarcomas, urology, and gyneconcology) saw a maximum fall in numbers; however, head and neck cases saw an increase in numbers during the pandemic. Surgical morbidity and mortality were similar in the COVID and pre-COVID era. No cases of severe COVID infection were reported among the healthcare staff working in OT. Discussion We could successfully continue our anesthesia services with minimal risk to healthcare staff throughout the pandemic by adopting major guidelines in a pragmatic and practical approach with minor changes to suit our setup.

Defining the Role of Large Language Models in Urologic Care and Research.

Large language models such as ChatGPT are poised to transform health care. We envision them being used in the future in urology, albeit with appropriate supervision, to educate patients, guide clinicians and scientists, and automate complex tasks.

Saline-assisted fascial exposure (SAFE) technique to improve nerve-sparing in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a summary of our initial experience and assess the impact of the Saline-Assisted Fascial Exposure (SAFE) technique on erectile function (EF), urinary continence, and oncological outcomes after Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2021 to July 2022, we included patients with a baseline Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score of ≥17 and a high probability of extracapsular extension (ECE), ranging from 21% to 73%, as per the Martini et al. nomogram. A propensity score matching was carried out at a ratio of 1:2 between patients who underwent RALP + SAFE (33) and RALP alone (66). The descriptive statistical analysis is presented. The SAFE technique was performed using two approaches, transrectal guided by micro-ultrasound or transperitoneal. Its principle entails a low-pressure injection of saline solution in the periprostatic fascia to achieve an atraumatic dissection of the neural hammock. Potency was defined as a SHIM score of ≥17 and continence as no pads per day. RESULTS: At follow-up intervals of 6, 13, 26, and 52 weeks, the SHIM score differed significantly between the two groups, favouring the RALP + SAFE (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.01, respectively). These results remained significant when the mean SHIM score was assessed. As shown by the cumulative incidence curve, EF rates were higher in the RALP + SAFE compared to the RALP alone group (log-rank P < 0.001). The baseline SHIM and use of the SAFE technique were independent predictors of EF recovery. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the SAFE technique led to better SHIM scores at 6, 13, 26, and 52 weeks after RALP in patients at high risk of ECE who underwent a partial NS procedure.

AI-powered real-time annotations during urologic surgery: The future of training and quality metrics.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Real-time artificial intelligence (AI) annotation of the surgical field has the potential to automatically extract information from surgical videos, helping to create a robust surgical atlas. This content can be used for surgical education and qualitative initiatives. We demonstrate the first use of AI in urologic robotic surgery to capture live surgical video and annotate key surgical steps and safety milestones in real-time. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: While AI models possess the capability to generate automated annotations based on a collection of video images, the real-time implementation of such technology in urological robotic surgery to aid surgeon and training staff it is still pending to be studied. METHODS: We conducted an educational symposium, which broadcasted 2 live procedures, a robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and a robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). A surgical AI platform system (Theator, Palo Alto, CA) generated real-time annotations and identified operative safety milestones. This was achieved through trained algorithms, conventional video recognition, and novel Video Transfer Network technology which captures clips in full context, enabling automatic recognition and surgical mapping in real-time. RESULTS: Real-time AI annotations for procedure #1, RARP, are found in Table 1. The safety milestone annotations included the apical safety maneuver and deliberate views of structures such as the external iliac vessels and the obturator nerve. Real-time AI annotations for procedure #2, RAPN, are found in Table 1. Safety milestones included deliberate views of structures such as the gonadal vessels and the ureter. AI annotated surgical events included intraoperative ultrasound, temporary clip application and removal, hemostatic powder application, and notable hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, surgical intelligence successfully showcased real-time AI annotations of 2 separate urologic robotic procedures during a live telecast. These annotations may provide the technological framework for send automatic notifications to clinical or operational stakeholders. This technology is a first step in real-time intraoperative decision support, leveraging big data to improve the quality of surgical care, potentially improve surgical outcomes, and support training and education.

Breakthrough infection among healthcare personnel following exposure to COVID-19: Experience after one year of the world's largest vaccination drive.

Context: The COVID-19 vaccination drive globally was supposedly a game-changing event. However, the emerging variants of the virus and waning immunity over time posed new challenges for breakthrough infections. Standing at the frontline of defense against COVID-19, healthcare personnel (HCP) were vulnerable to such infections. Aims: This study estimates i) the vaccine breakthrough infections (VBI) among HCP following exposure to COVID-19 cases, and ii) the mean interval between the second dose of vaccine and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 385 HCP with a history of exposure to COVID-19 cases during January and February 2022. Demographic details and clinical and vaccination history were collected from the test forms and the Web-based hospital management system. Laboratory testing of COVID-19 was carried out by real-time RT-PCR test. Results: The majority of the HCP were males (262; 68.05%) and nurses (180; 46.75%) by occupation. Two doses of vaccines were received by 278 (87.7%) HCP. VBI was confirmed in 185 (66.55%) HCP. No significant difference in VBI between the COVAXIN and COVISHIELD recipients (P = 0.69) was observed. The interval between the second dose and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was significantly higher (P < 0.00001) in COVAXIN recipients (median 228 days) than in COVISHIELD recipients (median 95 days). Conclusions: The incidence of VBI was very high among the HCP, but not statistically different among the COVAXIN and COVISHIELD-recipients. Waning immunity over time suggests boosting immunity with a third dose because of emerging variants.

Evaluating the Brexit and COVID-19's influence on the UK economy: A data analysis.

The economic landscape of the United Kingdom has been significantly shaped by the intertwined issues of Brexit, COVID-19, and their interconnected impacts. Despite the country's robust and diverse economy, the disruptions caused by Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic have created uncertainty and upheaval for both businesses and individuals. Recognizing the magnitude of these challenges, academic literature has directed its attention toward conducting immediate research in this crucial area. This study sets out to investigate key economic factors that have influenced various sectors of the UK economy and have broader economic implications within the context of Brexit and COVID-19. The factors under scrutiny include the unemployment rate, GDP index, earnings, and trade. To accomplish this, a range of data analysis tools and techniques were employed, including the Box-Jenkins method, neural network modeling, Google Trend analysis, and Twitter-sentiment analysis. The analysis encompassed different periods: pre-Brexit (2011-2016), Brexit (2016-2020), the COVID-19 period, and post-Brexit (2020-2021). The findings of the analysis offer intriguing insights spanning the past decade. For instance, the unemployment rate displayed a downward trend until 2020 but experienced a spike in 2021, persisting for a six-month period. Meanwhile, total earnings per week exhibited a gradual increase over time, and the GDP index demonstrated an upward trajectory until 2020 but declined during the COVID-19 period. Notably, trade experienced the most significant decline following both Brexit and the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the impact of these events exhibited variations across the UK's four regions and twelve industries. Wales and Northern Ireland emerged as the regions most affected by Brexit and COVID-19, with industries such as accommodation, construction, and wholesale trade particularly impacted in terms of earnings and employment levels. Conversely, industries such as finance, science, and health demonstrated an increased contribution to the UK's total GDP in the post-Brexit period, indicating some positive outcomes. It is worth highlighting that the impact of these economic factors was more pronounced on men than on women. Among all the variables analyzed, trade suffered the most severe consequences in the UK. By early 2021, the macroeconomic situation in the country was characterized by a simple dynamic: economic demand rebounded at a faster pace than supply, leading to shortages, bottlenecks, and inflation. The findings of this research carry significant value for the UK government and businesses, empowering them to adapt and innovate based on forecasts to navigate the challenges posed by Brexit and COVID-19. By doing so, they can promote long-term economic growth and effectively address the disruptions caused by these interrelated issues.

Versatility of Liposomes for Antisense Oligonucleotide Delivery: A Special Focus on Various Therapeutic Areas.

Nucleic acid therapeutics, specifically antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), can effectively modulate gene expression and protein function, leading to long-lasting curative effects. The hydrophilic nature and large size of oligonucleotides present translational challenges, which have led to the exploration of various chemical modifications and delivery systems. The present review provides insights into the potential role of liposomes as a drug delivery system for ASOs. The potential benefits of liposomes as an ASO carrier, along with their method of preparation, characterization, routes of administration, and stability aspects, have been thoroughly discussed. A novel perspective in terms of therapeutic applications of liposomal ASO delivery in several diseases such as cancer, respiratory disease, ophthalmic delivery, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disease, neuronal disorders, hematological malignancies, myotonic dystrophy, and neuronal disorders remains the major highlights of this review.

Chitosan: A Potential Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications.

Chitosan, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide derived from chitin, has surfaced as a material of promise for drug delivery and biomedical applications. Different chitin and chitosan extraction techniques can produce materials with unique properties, which can be further modified to enhance their bioactivities. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems have been developed for various routes of administration, including oral, ophthalmic, transdermal, nasal, and vaginal, allowing for targeted and sustained release of drugs. Additionally, chitosan has been used in numerous biomedical applications, such as bone regeneration, cartilage tissue regeneration, cardiac tissue regeneration, corneal regeneration, periodontal tissue regeneration, and wound healing. Moreover, chitosan has also been utilized in gene delivery, bioimaging, vaccination, and cosmeceutical applications. Modified chitosan derivatives have been developed to improve their biocompatibility and enhance their properties, resulting in innovative materials with promising potentials in various biomedical applications. This article summarizes the recent findings on chitosan and its application in drug delivery and biomedical science.

Emerging Trends in Lipid-Based Vaccine Delivery: A Special Focus on Developmental Strategies, Fabrication Methods, and Applications.

Lipid-based vaccine delivery systems such as the conventional liposomes, virosomes, bilosomes, vesosomes, pH-fusogenic liposomes, transferosomes, immuno-liposomes, ethosomes, and lipid nanoparticles have gained a remarkable interest in vaccine delivery due to their ability to render antigens in vesicular structures, that in turn prevents its enzymatic degradation in vivo. The particulate form of lipid-based nanocarriers confers immunostimulatory potential, making them ideal antigen carriers. Facilitation in the uptake of antigen-loaded nanocarriers, by the antigen-presenting cells and its subsequent presentation through the major histocompatibility complex molecules, leads to the activation of a cascade of immune responses. Further, such nanocarriers can be tailored to achieve the desired characteristics such as charge, size, size distribution, entrapment, and site-specificity through modifications in the composition of lipids and the selection of the appropriate method of preparation. This ultimately adds to its versatility as an effective vaccine delivery carrier. The current review focuses on the various lipid-based carriers that have been investigated to date as potential vaccine delivery systems, the factors that affect their efficacy, and their various methods of preparation. The emerging trends in lipid-based mRNA vaccines and lipid-based DNA vaccines have also been summarized.

Side-specific, Microultrasound-based Nomogram for the Prediction of Extracapsular Extension in Prostate Cancer.

Background: Prediction of extracapsular extension (ECE) is essential to achieve a balance between oncologic resection and neural tissue preservation. Microultrasound (MUS) is an attractive alternative to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the staging scenario. Objective: To create a side-specific nomogram integrating clinicopathologic parameters and MUS findings to predict ipsilateral ECE and guide nerve sparing. Design setting and participants: Prospective data were collected from consecutive patients who underwent robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy from June 2021 to May 2022 and had preoperative MUS and mpMRI. A total of 391 patients and 612 lobes were included in the analysis. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: ECE on surgical pathology was the primary outcome. Multivariate regression analyses were carried out to identify predictors for ECE. The resultant multivariable model's performance was visualized using the receiver-operating characteristic curve. A nomogram was developed based on the coefficients of the logit function for the MUS-based model. A decision curve analysis (DCA) was performed to assess clinical utility. Results and limitations: The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUCs) of the MUS-based model were 81.4% and 80.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 75.6, 84.6) after internal validation. The AUC of the mpMRI-model was also 80.9% (95% CI 77.2, 85.7). The DCA demonstrated the net clinical benefit of the MUS-based nomogram and its superiority compared with MUS and MRI alone for detecting ECE. Limitations of our study included its sample size and moderate inter-reader agreement. Conclusions: We developed a side-specific nomogram to predict ECE based on clinicopathologic variables and MUS findings. Its performance was comparable with that of a mpMRI-based model. External validation and prospective trials are required to corroborate our results. Patient summary: The integration of clinical parameters and microultrasound can predict extracapsular extension with similar results to models based on magnetic resonance imaging findings. This can be useful for tailoring the preservation of nerves during surgery.

Augmenting Career Longevity: An Analysis of Ergonomics Training Among 134 Neurological Surgeons.

BACKGROUND: Work-related pain among neurosurgeons remains understudied, yet can have long-term consequences which affect operative efficiency and efficacy, career longevity, and life outside of work. OBJECTIVE: This study provides insight into the extent of pain experienced by neurosurgeons and the effect of ergonomics training on pain. METHODS: An online survey pertaining to ergonomics and pain was sent to all neurosurgeons on the Council of State Neurosurgical Societies (CSNS) email distribution list. Statistical comparisons of age groups against pain levels and ergonomics training against pain levels, as well as multivariate linear regression of demographics, training, and operating factors against pain levels were performed. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-four neurosurgeons responded to the survey. The mean average severity of pain across respondents was 3.3/10 and the mean peak severity of pain was 5.1/10. Among the reported peak pain severity scores, neurosurgeons with 21-30 years of operating experience had significantly higher pain scores than those with 11-20 years of experience (mean 6.2 vs. 4.2; P < 0.05), while neurosurgeons with more than 30 years of experience had significantly less pain than those with 21-30 years of experience (mean 4.4 vs. 6.2, P = 0.005). Training in ergonomics did not significantly improve respondents' reported peak or mean pain severities (17.9% reported having ergonomics training). CONCLUSIONS: Ergonomics training did not appear to make a difference in neurosurgeons' pain severities. This may signify a need to optimize ergonomics pedagogy to achieve observable benefits.

Rationale for integration of palliative care in the medical intensive care: A narrative literature review.

Despite the remarkable technological advancement in the arena of critical care expertise, the mortality of critically ill patients remains high. When the organ functions deteriorate, goals of care are not fulfilled and life-sustaining treatment becomes a burden on the patient and caregivers, then it is the responsibility of the physician to provide a dignified end to life, control the symptoms of the patient and provide psychological support to the family members. Palliative care is the best way forward for these patients. It is a multidimensional specialty which emphasizes patient and family-based care and aims to improve the quality of life of patients and their caregivers. Although intensive care and palliative care may seem to be at two opposite ends of the spectrum, it is necessary to amalgamate the postulates of palliative care in intensive care units to provide holistic care and best benefit patients admitted to intensive care units. This review aims to highlight the need for an alliance of palliative care with intensive care in the present era, the barriers to it, and models proposed for their integration and various ethical issues.

Perioperative anaesthetic management in cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC): a retrospective analysis in a single tertiary care cancer centre.

Objectives: Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We retrospectively analysed the perioperative anesthetic management in patients undergoing HIPEC surgery. Methods: After ethics approval, we reviewed the records of patients who underwent CRS/HIPEC from 2015 until 2020. We noted the peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI), blood loss, anastomoses done, total amount of fluid given, delta temperature and duration of surgery. These were correlated with the need for postoperative ventilation, length of ICU stay, Clavien-Dindo score and 30 day mortality. Results: Of the 180 patients reviewed, the majority were women (85%) with a mean age of 48 years who had ovarian tumors (n=114). The total amount of fluid given was associated with an increased length of ICU stay (p=0.008). Prolonged surgery resulted in increased length of ICU stay (p<0.001), need for postoperative ventilation (p=0.006) and a poor Clavien-Dindo score (p=0.039). A high PCI score correlated with increased ICU stay, 30 day mortality (p<0.001), and the need for postoperative ventilation (0.005). Conclusions: PCI, duration of surgery and blood loss were major predictors of postoperative morbidity. Additionally, the amount of fluid given and delta temperature affected patient outcome and should be individualized to the patient's needs.

Cotard's syndrome in the postoperative period following head and neck cancer surgery - A case report.

Major head and neck surgery is a known factor for postoperative delirium; however, Cotard's syndrome (CS) has been rarely reported following head and neck surgery. We report a case of a 51-year-old man who underwent surgery for carcinoma right buccal mucosa and developed agitation and nihilistic delusion after extubation. The patient had a preexisting psychiatric history which is often reported as a risk factor for CS. Of interest, though is that this condition subsided as quickly as it emerged with only supportive counselling and brief pharmacotherapy.

Institutional end-of-life care policy for inpatients at a tertiary care centre in India: A way forward to provide a system for a dignified death.

India has a high share in the global burden of chronic terminal illnesses. However, there is a lack of a uniform system in providing better end-of-life care (EOLC) for large patients in their terminal stage of life. Institutional policies can be a good alternative as there is no national level policy for EOLC. This article describes the important aspects of the EOLC policy at one of the tertiary care institutes of India. A 15 member institutional committee including representatives from various departments was formed to develop this institutional policy. This policy document is aimed at helping to recognize the potentially non-beneficial or harmful treatments and provide transparency and accountability of the process of limitation of treatment through proper documentation that closely reflects the Indian legal viewpoint on this matter. Four steps are proposed in this direction: (i) recognition of a potentially non-beneficial or harmful treatment by the physicians, (ii) consensus among all the caregivers on a potentially non-beneficial or harmful treatment and initiation of the best supportive care pathway, (iii) initiation of EOLC pathways, and (iv) symptom management and ongoing supportive care till death. The article also focuses on the step-by-step process of formulation of this institutional policy, so that it can work as a blueprint for other institutions of our country to identify the infrastructural needs and resources and to formulate their own policies.

Pain management policy formulation at a tertiary care teaching institute in India: A prospective observational study.

Background: Access to pain management has been recognized as a fundamental human right. Inadequate pain relief hampers the quality of life and has a physiological and psychosocial impact on the patient and caregivers. Inadequate pain relief remains the leading cause of suffering in hospitalized patients worldwide. Objective: The objective of this article is to provide adequate pain relief to hospitalized patients through proper assessment, treatment, and monitoring of pain by the trained health-care workers through a sustainable and effective institutional pain management policy. Methods: The formulation of pain management policy at a tertiary care teaching institute was conducted in three phases - Phase 1: need assessment by an open-label, uncontrolled, prospective observational study over 1 month period, Phase 2: teaching, training, and awareness of health-care workers, and Phase 3: constitution of the committee at the institute level with the formation of pain resource teams. Results: An open-label, prospective observational study conducted over 1 month revealed that among 814 hospitalized patients, 108 out of 235 (46%) patients in medical and 385 out of 579 (66.5%) patients in the surgical cohort had NRS score of ≥3, implying an inadequate pain relief even at 24 h following medical or surgical intervention, respectively. Conclusion: The provision of effective and adequate pain relief to hospitalized patients requires trained health-care workers and a uniform and structured pain management policy at the institutional level. Recognition and addressal of the barriers and challenges while framing an institutional pain policy is of utmost importance.

Airway management, procedural data, and in-hospital mortality records of patients undergoing surgery for mucormycosis associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

PURPOSE: Although unexpected airway difficulties are reported in patients with mucormycosis, the literature on airway management in patients with mucormycosis associated with Coronavirus disease is sparse. METHODS: In this retrospective case record review of 57 patients who underwent surgery for mucormycosis associated with coronavirus disease, we aimed to evaluate the demographics, airway management, procedural data, and in-hospital mortality records. RESULTS: Forty-one (71.9%) patients had a diagnosis of sino-nasal mucormycosis, fourteen (24.6%) patients had a diagnosis of rhino-orbital mucormycosis, and 2 (3.5%) patients had a diagnosis of palatal mucormycosis. A total of 44 (77.2%) patients had co-morbidities. The most common co-morbidities were diabetes mellitus in 42 (73.6%) patients, followed by hypertension in 21 (36.8%) patients, and acute kidney injury in 14 (28.1%) patients. We used the intubation difficulty scale score to assess intubating conditions. Intubation was easy to slightly difficult in 53 (92.9%) patients. In our study, mortality occurred in 7 (12.3%) patients. The median (range) mortality time was 60 (27-74) days. The median (range) time to hospital discharge was 53.5 (10-85) days. The median [interquartile range] age of discharged versus expired patients was 47.5 [41,57.5] versus 64 [47,70] years (P = 0.04), and median (interquartile range) D-dimer levels in discharged versus expired patients was 364 [213, 638] versus 2448 [408,3301] ng/mL (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing surgery for mucormycosis associated with the coronavirus disease, airway management was easy to slightly difficult in most patients. Perioperative complications can be minimized by taking timely and precautionary measures.