Genomic Differences Associated with Resistance and Virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Clinical and Environmental Sites.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogen that causes healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) worldwide. It is unclear whether P. aeruginosa isolated from the natural environment has the same pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance potential as clinical strains. In this study, virulence- and resistance-associated genes were compared in 14 genomic sequences of clinical and environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa using the VFDB, PATRIC, and CARD databases. All isolates were found to share 62% of virulence genes related to adhesion, motility, secretion systems, and quorum sensing and 72.9% of resistance genes related to efflux pumps and membrane permeability. Our results indicate that both types of isolates possess conserved genetic information associated with virulence and resistance mechanisms regardless of the source. However, none of the environmental isolates were associated with high-risk clones (HRCs). These clones (ST235 and ST111) were found only in clinical isolates, which have an impact on human medical epidemiology due to their ability to spread and persist, indicating a correlation between the clinical environment and increased virulence. The genomic variation and antibiotic susceptibility of environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa suggest potential biotechnological applications if obtained from sources that are under surveillance and investigation to limit the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant strains.

Iadademstat in combination with azacitidine in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia (ALICE): an open-label, phase 2a dose-finding study.

BACKGROUND: Iadademstat is a potent, selective, oral inhibitor of both the enzymatic and scaffolding activities of the transcriptional repressor lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1; also known as KDM1A) that showed promising early activity and safety in a phase 1 trial and strong preclinical synergy with azacitidine in acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the combination of iadademstat and azacitidine for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia. METHODS: The open-label, phase 2a, dose-finding ALICE study was conducted at six hospitals in Spain and enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia not eligible for intensive chemotherapy and an ECOG performance status of 0-2. In the dose escalation portion of the trial, patients received a starting dose of iadademstat at 90 µg/m2 per day (with de-escalation to 60 µg/m2 per day and escalation up to 140 µg/m2 per day) orally, for 5 days on, 2 days off weekly, with azacitidine 75 mg/m2 subcutaneously, for seven of 28 days. The primary objectives were safety (analysed in the safety analysis set; all patients who received at least one dose of study treatment) and establishing the recommended phase 2 dose; secondary objectives included response rates in the efficacy analysis set (all patients who had at least one efficacy assessment). This study is registered on EudraCT (EudraCT 2018-000482-36) and has been completed. FINDINGS: Between Nov 12, 2018, and Sept 30, 2021, 36 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia were enrolled; the median age was 76 (IQR 74-79) years, all patients were White, 18 (50%) were male, and 18 (50%) were female, and all had intermediate-risk or adverse-risk acute myeloid leukaemia. The median follow-up was 22 (IQR 16-31) months. The most frequent (≥10%) adverse events considered to be related to treatment were decreases in platelet (25 [69%]) and neutrophil (22 [61%]) counts (all grade 3-4) and anaemia (15 [42%]; of which ten [28%] were grade 3-4). Three patients had treatment-related serious adverse events (one fatal grade 5 intracranial haemorrhage, one grade 3 differentiation syndrome, and one grade 3 febrile neutropenia). Based on safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data, and efficacy, the recommended phase 2 dose of iadademstat was 90 µg/m2 per day with azacitidine. 22 (82%; 95% CI 62-94) of 27 patients in the efficacy analysis set had an objective response. 14 (52%) of 27 patients had complete remission or complete remission with incomplete haematological recovery; of these, ten of 11 evaluable for measurable residual disease achieved negativity. In the safety analysis set, 22 (61%) of 36 patients had an objective response. INTERPRETATION: The combination of iadademstat and azacitidine has a manageable safety profile and shows promising responses in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukaemia, including those with high-risk prognostic factors. FUNDING: Oryzon Genomics and Spain's Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIU)-Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI).

Reflexiones sobre el cuidado ambiental desde la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios de Enfermería / Reflections on Environmental Care from the Perspective of University Nursing Students

Introducción: Cada día el medio ambiente se ve deteriorado por la contaminación ambiental y el cambio climático, por tanto, es necesario que desde su formación universitaria los futuros enfermeros tomen conciencia ambiental, ayuden a prevenir enfermedades emergentes y se comprometan con el cuidado de su entorno, que le permita un hábitat saludable para todos. Objetivo: Comprender las reflexiones sobre el cuidado ambiental desde la perspectiva de estudiantes universitarios de Enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa descriptiva exploratoria en agosto del 2022. La población fue de 20 estudiantes de Enfermería de la Universidad Nacional "Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza" de Amazonas en Perú, que cursaron la asignatura de Enfermería en Salud Ambiental, y la muestra fue de 12 estudiantes, obtenida por la técnica de saturación y redundancia. Para recolectar los datos se usó la entrevista semiestructurada a través de la plataforma Zoom, procesadas con el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se obtuvieron cuatro categorías: a) Interés para cuidar el medio ambiente, b) Estrategias para cuidar el medio ambiente a nivel personal y familiar, c) Percepción sobre el cuidado/descuido del medio ambiente en su comunidad, y d) Impacto de la formación profesional para cuidar el medio ambiente. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de Enfermería son conscientes de la importancia del cuidado del medio ambiente y por ello practican, junto a su familia, acciones que ayudan a mitigar el cambio climático. Se confirma el impacto positivo que tiene la asignatura de Enfermería en salud ambiental, por ello otras escuelas y facultades de Enfermería lo deberían considerar en sus planes curriculares(AU)

Introduction: Every day, the environment becomes much deteriorated by environmental pollution and climate change; therefore, it is necessary that, from their university education, future nurses become environmentally aware, help to prevent emerging diseases and commit themselves to taking care of their environment, allowing a healthy habitat for all. Objective: To understand the reflections on environmental care from the perspective of university Nursing students. Methods: An exploratory descriptive and qualitative research was conducted in August 2022. The population was 20 Nursing students from Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, of Amazonas in Peru, who studied the subject of Nursing in Environmental Health. The sample, of 12 students, was obtained using the saturation and redundancy technique. To collect the data, a semistructured interview was used through the Zoom platform, processed using thematic content analysis. Results: Four categories were obtained: a) Interest in caring for the environment, b) Strategies to care for the environment at a personal and family level, c) Perception on care/neglect of the environment in their community, and d) Impact of professional training to care for the environment. Conclusions: Nursing students are aware of the importance of caring for the environment; therefore, they carry out, together with their family, actions that help to mitigate climate change. The positive impact of the course Nursing in Environmental Health course is confirmed, and other schools or academic institutions of nursing should consider it for their curricular plans(AU)

Variables tecnológicas predictoras del estrés académico en estudiantes de Enfermería en tiempos de COVID-19 / Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19 / Variáveis tecnológicas preditoras do estresse acadêmico em estudantes de Enfermagem em tempos de COVID-19

Objetivo: analizar cuáles son las variables tecnológicas, derivadas del uso de dispositivo electrónico, predicen el estrés académico, y sus dimensiones en estudiantes de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal de tipo analítico, realizado en 796 estudiantes de seis universidades de Perú. Se empleó la escala SISCO y para el análisis se estimaron cuatro modelos de regresión logística, con selección de variables por pasos. Resultados: entre los participantes, 87,6% presentaron un nivel alto de estrés académico; el tiempo de uso del dispositivo electrónico, el brillo de la pantalla, la edad y el sexo, estuvieron asociados con el estrés académico y sus tres dimensiones; la posición de uso del dispositivo electrónico estuvo asociada con la escala total y con las dimensiones estresores y reacciones. Finalmente, la distancia entre el rostro y el dispositivo electrónico estuvo asociada con la escala total y la dimensión reacciones. Conclusión: las variables tecnológicas y las características sociodemográficas predicen el estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería. Se sugiere optimizar el tiempo de uso de las computadoras, regular el brillo de la pantalla, evitar sentarse en posiciones inadecuadas y vigilar la distancia, con la finalidad de reducir el estrés académico durante la enseñanza a distancia.

Objective: to analyze which technological variables, derived from the use of electronic devices, predict academic stress and its dimensions in Nursing students. Method: analytical cross-sectional study carried out with a total of 796 students from six universities in Peru. The SISCO scale was used and four logistic regression models were estimated for the analysis, with selection of variables in stages. Results: among the participants, 87.6% had a high level of academic stress; time using the electronic device, screen brightness, age and sex were associated with academic stress and its three dimensions; the position of using the electronic device was associated with the total scale and the stressors and reactions dimensions. Finally, the distance between the face and the electronic device was associated with the total scale and size of reactions. Conclusion: technological variables and sociodemographic characteristics predict academic stress in nursing students. It is suggested to optimize the time of use of computers, regulate the brightness of the screen, avoid sitting in inappropriate positions and pay attention to the distance, in order to reduce academic stress during distance learning.

Objetivo: analisar quais variáveis tecnológicas, derivadas do uso de dispositivos eletrônicos, predizem o estresse acadêmico e suas dimensões em estudantes de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal do tipo analítico, realizado em 796 estudantes de seis universidades do Peru. Foi utilizada a escala SISCO e foram estimados quatro modelos de regressão logística para a análise, com seleção das variáveis por etapas. Resultados: entre os participantes, 87,6% apresentaram alto nível de estresse acadêmico; o tempo de uso do aparelho eletrônico, o brilho da tela, a idade e o sexo foram associados ao estresse acadêmico e suas três dimensões; a posição de uso do aparelho eletrônico foi associada à escala total e às dimensões estressores e reações. Por fim, a distância entre o rosto e o dispositivo eletrônico foi associada à escala total e à dimensão das reações. Conclusão: variáveis tecnológicas e características sociodemográficas predizem estresse acadêmico em estudantes de Enfermagem. Sugere-se otimizar o tempo de uso dos computadores, regular o brilho da tela, evitar sentar-se em posições inadequadas e atentar-se à distância da tela, a fim de diminuir o estresse acadêmico durante o ensino a distância.

Factors Associated with the Extent of Clinical Attachment Loss in Periodontitis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Periodontitis has significant public health implications, affecting individuals' overall health, well-being, and quality of life. This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with the extent of clinical attachment loss (CAL) in a population diagnosed with periodontitis. Six hundred and sixty-seven patients with different degrees of CAL (mild, n = 223; moderate, n = 256; and advanced, n = 188) were enrolled. Socio-demographics, lifestyle, microbiological profiles, specific immune response, obesity, and single-nucleotide polymorphism of the IL1 gene were determined. Unconditional logistic regression models were conducted to determine the factors associated with the extent of CAL. Aging, smoking, microbial factors, plaque index, and IgG2 antibodies against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were associated with advanced CAL. IgG2 antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans (OR 1.50; CI 95% 1.23-1.81), plaque accumulation (OR 2.69; CI 95% 2.20-3.29), Porphyromonas gingivalis (OR 1.93; CI 95% 1.35-2.76), Tanerella forsythia (OR 1.88; CI 95%1.30-2.70), and current smoking (OR 1.94; CI 95% 1.31-2.87) were associated with advanced CAL. Gene IL polymorphisms, obesity, and stress were not associated with the extent of CAL. Aging, plaque accumulation, smoking, and having antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans were the most critical factors associated with advanced CAL. In contrast, obesity, stress, and gene polymorphisms were not associated with the extent of CAL.

Molecular characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum k13 gene helix domain in samples from native communities of Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Perú / Caracterización molecular del dominio de la hélice del gen k13 de Plasmodium falciparum en muestras de comunidades nativas de Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Perú.

Introduction. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to different antimalarial drugs is an obstacle to disease elimination. The artemisinin-resistant genotype of P. falciparum can be assessed by examining polymorphisms in the helix domain of the Pfk13 gene. The World Health Organization recommends these mutations as molecular markers to detect artemisinin-resistant in countries where P. falciparum malaria is endemic. Objective. To identify artemisinin resistance-related mutations present in the helix domain of the P. falciparum k13 gene. Materials and methods. We collected a total of 51 samples through passive case detection, positive for Plasmodium by microscopy, from six communities in the district of Río Santiago in Condorcanqui, Amazonas. Molecular species confirmation was performed by real-time PCR and Pfk13 helix domain was amplified and sequenced by capillary electrophoresis. The obtained sequences were compared with the wild type 3D7 reference strain. Results. A total of 51 positive samples were confirmed for P. falciparum from the communities of Ayambis, Chapiza, Palometa, Muchinguis, Alianza Progreso and Caterpiza. DNA sequences alignment showed the absence of resistance-associated mutations in the k13 gene of the collected samples. Discussion. The obtained results are consistent with similar studies conducted in other South American countries, including Perú, so these data provide a baseline for artemisinin-resistance molecular surveillance in the Amazon region and reinforce the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy in this area.

Introducción. La resistencia de Plasmodium falciparum a diferentes fármacos antipalúdicos es un obstáculo para eliminar la enfermedad. El genotipo resistente de P. falciparum a la artemisinina puede evaluarse examinando los polimorfismos en el dominio de la hélice del gen Pfk13. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda utilizar estas mutaciones como marcadores moleculares para detectar la resistencia a la artemisinina en países donde la malaria por P. falciparum es endémica. Objetivo. Identificar mutaciones relacionadas con la resistencia a artemisinina presentes en el dominio de la hélice del gen k13 de P. falciparum. Materiales y métodos. Mediante la detección pasiva de casos, se recolectaron 51 muestras positivas por microscopía para Plasmodium, provenientes de seis comunidades del distrito de Río Santiago en Condorcanqui, Amazonas. Se realizó la confirmación molecular de la especie mediante PCR en tiempo real y el dominio de la hélice del gen Pfk13 se amplificó y secuenció por electroforesis capilar. Las secuencias obtenidas se compararon con la cepa de referencia 3D7 de fenotipo silvestre. Resultados. Se confirmó un total de 51 muestras positivas para P. falciparum, provenientes de las comunidades de Ayambis, Chapiza, Palometa, Muchinguis, Alianza Progreso y Caterpiza. Después del alineamiento de las secuencias de ADN, se determinó que las muestras no presentaron mutaciones asociadas con resistencia en el gen K13. Discusión. Los resultados obtenidos son coherentes con estudios similares realizados en otros países de Sudamérica, incluyendo Perú. Estos datos proporcionan una línea base para la vigilancia molecular de resistencia a artemisinina en la región Amazonas y refuerzan la eficacia de la terapia combinada con artemisinina en esta área.

Caracterización molecular del dominio de la hélice del gen k13 de Plasmodium falciparum en muestras de comunidades nativas de Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Perú / Molecular characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum k13 gene helix domain in samples from native communities of Condorcanqui, Amazonas, Perú

Introducción. La resistencia de Plasmodium falciparum a diferentes fármacos antipalúdicos es un obstáculo para eliminar la enfermedad. El genotipo resistente de P. falciparum a la artemisinina puede evaluarse examinando los polimorfismos en el dominio de la hélice del gen Pfk13. La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda utilizar estas mutaciones como marcadores moleculares para detectar la resistencia a la artemisinina en países donde la malaria por P. falciparum es endémica. Objetivo. Identificar mutaciones relacionadas con la resistencia a artemisinina presentes en el dominio de la hélice del gen k13 de P. falciparum. Materiales y métodos. Mediante la detección pasiva de casos, se recolectaron 51 muestras positivas por microscopía para Plasmodium, provenientes de seis comunidades del distrito de Río Santiago en Condorcanqui, Amazonas. Se realizó la confirmación molecular de la especie mediante PCR en tiempo real y el dominio de la hélice del gen Pfk13 se amplificó y secuenció por electroforesis capilar. Las secuencias obtenidas se compararon con la cepa de referencia 3D7 de fenotipo silvestre. Resultados. Se confirmó un total de 51 muestras positivas para P. falciparum, provenientes de las comunidades de Ayambis, Chapiza, Palometa, Muchinguis, Alianza Progreso y Caterpiza. Después del alineamiento de las secuencias de ADN, se determinó que las muestras no presentaron mutaciones asociadas con resistencia en el gen K13. Discusión. Los resultados obtenidos son coherentes con estudios similares realizados en otros países de Sudamérica, incluyendo Perú. Estos datos proporcionan una línea base para la vigilancia molecular de resistencia a artemisinina en la región Amazonas y refuerzan la eficacia de la terapia combinada con artemisinina en esta área.

Introduction. Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to different antimalarial drugs is an obstacle to disease elimination. The artemisinin-resistant genotype of P. falciparum can be assessed by examining polymorphisms in the helix domain of the Pfk13 gene. The World Health Organization recommends these mutations as molecular markers to detect artemisinin-resistant in countries where P. falciparum malaria is endemic. Objective. To identify artemisinin resistance-related mutations present in the helix domain of the P. falciparum k13 gene. Materials and methods. We collected a total of 51 samples through passive case detection, positive for Plasmodium by microscopy, from six communities in the district of Río Santiago in Condorcanqui, Amazonas. Molecular species confirmation was performed by real-time PCR and Pfk13 helix domain was amplified and sequenced by capillary electrophoresis. The obtained sequences were compared with the wild type 3D7 reference strain. Results. A total of 51 positive samples were confirmed for P. falciparum from the communities of Ayambis, Chapiza, Palometa, Muchinguis, Alianza Progreso and Caterpiza. DNA sequences alignment showed the absence of resistance-associated mutations in the k13 gene of the collected samples. Discussion. The obtained results are consistent with similar studies conducted in other South American countries, including Perú, so these data provide a baseline for artemisinin- resistance molecular surveillance in the Amazon region and reinforce the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy in this area.

Technological variables predictors of academic stress in nursing students in times of COVID-19. / Variables tecnológicas predictoras del estrés académico en estudiantes de Enfermería en tiempos de COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze which technological variables, derived from the use of electronic devices, predict academic stress and its dimensions in Nursing students. METHOD: analytical cross-sectional study carried out with a total of 796 students from six universities in Peru. The SISCO scale was used and four logistic regression models were estimated for the analysis, with selection of variables in stages. RESULTS: among the participants, 87.6% had a high level of academic stress; time using the electronic device, screen brightness, age and sex were associated with academic stress and its three dimensions; the position of using the electronic device was associated with the total scale and the stressors and reactions dimensions. Finally, the distance between the face and the electronic device was associated with the total scale and size of reactions. CONCLUSION: technological variables and sociodemographic characteristics predict academic stress in nursing students. It is suggested to optimize the time of use of computers, regulate the brightness of the screen, avoid sitting in inappropriate positions and pay attention to the distance, in order to reduce academic stress during distance learning.

analizar cuáles son las variables tecnológicas, derivadas del uso de dispositivo electrónico, predicen el estrés académico, y sus dimensiones en estudiantes de enfermería. estudio transversal de tipo analítico, realizado en 796 estudiantes de seis universidades de Perú. Se empleó la escala SISCO y para el análisis se estimaron cuatro modelos de regresión logística, con selección de variables por pasos. entre los participantes, 87,6% presentaron un nivel alto de estrés académico; el tiempo de uso del dispositivo electrónico, el brillo de la pantalla, la edad y el sexo, estuvieron asociados con el estrés académico y sus tres dimensiones; la posición de uso del dispositivo electrónico estuvo asociada con la escala total y con las dimensiones estresores y reacciones. Finalmente, la distancia entre el rostro y el dispositivo electrónico estuvo asociada con la escala total y la dimensión reacciones. las variables tecnológicas y las características sociodemográficas predicen el estrés académico en estudiantes de enfermería. Se sugiere optimizar el tiempo de uso de las computadoras, regular el brillo de la pantalla, evitar sentarse en posiciones inadecuadas y vigilar la distancia, con la finalidad de reducir el estrés académico durante la enseñanza a distancia.

(1) Los estudiantes de enfermería presentan un nivel alto de estrés académico. (2) El tiempo de uso de la computadora es un predictor del estrés académico. (3) El brillo de la pantalla de la computadora es un predictor del estrés académico. (4) Tener entre 30 a 39 años y ser hombre es un factor protector del estrés académico. (5) Estudio realizado en seis universidades peruanas.

analisar quais variáveis tecnológicas, derivadas do uso de dispositivos eletrônicos, predizem o estresse acadêmico e suas dimensões em estudantes de enfermagem. estudo transversal do tipo analítico, realizado em 796 estudantes de seis universidades do Peru. Foi utilizada a escala SISCO e foram estimados quatro modelos de regressão logística para a análise, com seleção das variáveis por etapas. entre os participantes, 87,6% apresentaram alto nível de estresse acadêmico; o tempo de uso do aparelho eletrônico, o brilho da tela, a idade e o sexo foram associados ao estresse acadêmico e suas três dimensões; a posição de uso do aparelho eletrônico foi associada à escala total e às dimensões estressores e reações. Por fim, a distância entre o rosto e o dispositivo eletrônico foi associada à escala total e à dimensão das reações. variáveis tecnológicas e características sociodemográficas predizem estresse acadêmico em estudantes de Enfermagem. Sugere-se otimizar o tempo de uso dos computadores, regular o brilho da tela, evitar sentar-se em posições inadequadas e atentar-se à distância da tela, a fim de diminuir o estresse acadêmico durante o ensino a distância.

Digital Eye Strain among Peruvian Nursing Students: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

There has been a high prevalence of digital eye strain (DES) among students who have received distance-learning lessons due to COVID-19. However, in low- and middle-income countries, there are few studies that have analyzed its associated factors. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DES and its associated factors among nursing students during COVID-19 distance learning. This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted between May and June 2021 in six Peruvian universities. The sample comprised 796 nursing students. DES was measured using the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). A bivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. DES was found in 87.6% of nursing students. Sitting upright (OR, 0.47; 95% IC, 0.30-0.74), using electronic devices for more than four hours a day (OR, 1.73; 95% IC, 1.02-2.86), not following the 20-20-20 rule (OR, 2.60; 95% IC, 1.25-5.20), having the screen brightness very high (OR, 3.36; 95% IC, 1.23-11.8), and not wearing glasses (OR, 0.59; 95% IC, 0.37-0.93) are factors associated with DES. The prevalence of DES among nursing students is high. Improving the ergonomics of study environments, reducing the time of exposure to electronic devices, adjusting the screen brightness, and taking eye-care measures are key to controlling computer vision syndrome in virtual learning.

Estado emocional de los pacientes pos-COVID-19 en la Región Amazonas del Perú / Emotional Status of Post-COVID-19 Patients in the Amazonas Region of Peru

Introducción: La pandemia de la COVID-19 no solo ocasionó problemas de salud física, sino también alteraciones a nivel emocional en las personas que contrajeron esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir el estado emocional de los pacientes pos-COVID-19 de un distrito de la Región Amazonas del Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional y transversal, realizado en el distrito de Copallín, Región Amazonas, Perú, durante julio-noviembre de 2021. La población estuvo conformada por 245 pacientes pos-COVID-19, la muestra fue de 235 pacientes seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21, por sus siglas al inglés) y la versión estandarizada al idioma castellano de Antúnez & Vinet, 2012. Para procesar la información se utilizó el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versión 25, se usó la estadística descriptiva y la prueba Chi cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: El 54,47 por ciento tiene entre los 18 y 29 años; 51,91 por ciento son mujeres; el 63,83 por ciento solteros. El 55,32 por ciento presenta depresión, el 56,60 por ciento tiene ansiedad en diferentes niveles y el 68,09 por ciento no presenta estrés. Además, el análisis correlacional reportó que la depresión se relaciona con la hospitalización (p = 0,001) y secuelas de la COVID-19 (p < 0,001); la ansiedad con grado de instrucción (p = 0,015), hospitalización (p < 0,001) y secuelas (p < 0,001); el estrés con grado de instrucción (p = 0,003) y secuelas (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes pos-COVID-19 presentaron diferentes niveles de depresión y ansiedad, por lo cual se requiere de intervenciones efectivas para evitar consecuencias en la salud mental(AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic not only caused physical health problems, but also emotional alterations in people who contracted this disease. Objective: To describe the emotional state of post-COVID-19 patients in a district of the Amazon Region of Peru. Methods: Descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study, carried out in the district of Copallín, Amazonas Region, Peru, during July-November 2021. The population consisted of 245 post-COVID-19 patients, the sample was 235 patients selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The DASS-21 Questionnaire (Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21) and the standardized Spanish version of Antúnez & Vinet, 2012 were applied. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 was used to process the information, and descriptive statistics and Pearson's Chi-square test were used. Results: 54.47 percent were between 18 and 29 years of age; 51.91 percent were women; 63.83 percent were single. 55.32 percent present depression, 56.60 percent have anxiety at different levels and 68.09 percent do not present stress. In addition, correlational analysis reported that depression is related to hospitalization (p = 0.001) and sequelae of COVID-19 (p < 0.001); anxiety with educational level (p = 0.015), hospitalization (p < 0.001) and sequelae (p < 0.001); stress with educational level (p = 0.003) and sequelae (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Most post-COVID-19 patients presented different levels of depression and anxiety, thus requiring effective interventions to avoid mental health consequences(AU)

Asociación entre la salud mental positiva y habilidades sociales en estudiantes de enfermería / Associação entre saúde mental positiva e habilidades sociais em estudantes de enfermagem / Association between positive mental health and social skills in nursing students

Resumen Contexto: Los estudiantes de Enfermería (EE) tienen un alto nivel de salud mental positiva (SMP), aspecto que desde un enfoque positivo fue asociado con las habilidades blandas la autocompasión, resiliencia, empatía y autoeficacia; sin embargo, pocos estudios analizaron la relación entre la SMP y las habilidades sociales (HS) como conducta socialmente habilidosa para comportarse de manera asertiva. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la SMP y las HS en EE de tres universidades del Perú. Metodología: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y correlacional, realizado en el año 2020 mediante un formulario Google Forms. Se empleó la escala de SMP (Lluch Canut, 2000) y la escala de HS (Gismero, 2010). La muestra estuvo conformada por 392 EE seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para determinar la asociación se aplicaron dos modelos de regresión lineal múltiple, con un nivel de significancia de 0,01. Resultados: Se encontró que los EE tenían un nivel alto de SMP (73,5%), nivel medio de HS (57,9%). Las variables que se relacionan con la SMP de manera positiva fueron: la ocupación (B=0,11, p<0,05), autoexpresión en situaciones sociales (B=0,52, p<0,001), habilidad de hacer peticiones (B=0.18, p<0.001) y las HS (B=0.55, p<0.001); y de manera negativa, la expresión de enfado o disconformidad (B= -0,11, p=0,04) Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre la SMP y las HS; por lo tanto, para mantener el nivel alto de SMP que tienen los EE se sugiere implementar intervenciones multidisciplinarias dirigidas al fortalecimiento de las HS, particularmente en quienes solo se dedican a estudiar.

Resumo Contexto: Os estudantes de Enfermagem (EE) têm um alto nível de saúde mental positiva (SMP), um aspecto que, de um enfoque positivo, foi associado com as habilidades interpessoais de autocompaixão, resiliência, empatia e autoeficácia; contudo, poucos estudos analisaram a relação entre a SMP e as habilidades sociais (HS) como conduta socialmente hábil para comportar-se de forma assertiva. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre a SMP e as HS nos EE em três universidades no Peru. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional, realizado no ano de 2020 mediante um formulário do Google Forms. Utilizou-se a escala de SMP (Lluch, 2000) e a escala de HS (Gismero, 2010). A amostra consistiu em 392 EE seleccionados por amostragem não probabilística por conveniencia. Para determinar a associação, foram aplicados dois modelos de regressão linear múltipla, com nível de significância de 0,01. Resultados: Foi encontrado que os EE têm um alto nível de SMP (73,5%) e um médio nível de HS (57,9%). As variáveis que estão relacionadas à SMP de modo positivo foram: ocupação (B = 0,11, p < 0,05), autoexpressão em situações sociais (B = 0,55, p < 0,001); e negativamente, a expressão de raiva ou desacordo (B = -0,11, p = 0,04). Conclusões: Há uma associação entre SMP e HS; portanto, para manter o alto nível de SMP que os EE possuem, sugere-se a implementação de intervenções multidisciplinares voltadas ao fortalecimento de HS, principalmente naqueles que se dedicam apenas aos estudos.

Abstract Context: Nursing students (NS) have a high level of positive mental health (PMH), an aspect that since a positive approach was associated with the soft skills of self-compassion, resilience, empathy and self-efficacy; however, few studies have analyzed the relationship between PMH and social skills (SS) as a socially capable behavior to behave in an assertive manner. Objective: To determine the association between the PMH and the SS in NS of three universities in Peru. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study, carried out in 2020 using a Google Forms form. The PMH scale (Lluch Canut, 2000) and the SS scale (Gismero, 2010) were used. The sample consisted of 392 NS selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling. To determine the association, two multiple linear regression models were applied, with a significance level of 0.01. Results: NS were found to have a high level of PMH (73,5%), a medium level of SS (57.9%). The variables that are related to the PMH in a positive way were: occupation (B=0,11, p<0,05), self-expression in social situations (B=0,52, p<0,001), ability to make requests (B=0.18, p<0.001) and SS (B=0.55, p<0.001); and negatively, the expression of anger or disagreement (B= -0,11, p=0,04) Conclusions: There is an association between PMH and SS; therefore, to maintain the high level of PMH that NS have, it is suggested to implement multidisciplinary interventions aimed at strengthening the SS, particularly in those who only dedicate themselves to study.

Antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of essential oil components, EDTA and HLE disinfectant solution on Enterococcus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus sp. multiresistant strains isolated along the meat production chain.

The spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria and resistance genes along the food chain and the environment has become a global, but silent pandemic. To face this challenge, it is of outmost importance to develop efficient strategies to reduce potential contamination by these agents. In the present study, 30 strains of Enterococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. isolated from various surfaces throughout the meat production chain in a goat and lamb slaughterhouse were characterized as MDR bacteria harboring several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The antimicrobial efficacy of natural essential oil components "EOCs" (carvacrol "CA," cinnamaldehyde "CIN," eugenol "EU," geraniol "GE," limonene "LI" and thymol "TH"), HLE disinfectant solution (3-6% H2O2; 2.2-4.4% lactic acid and 12.5-25 mM EDTA in water) and EDTA was tested against these MDR bacteria. Results showed that Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were compound and strain dependent. In addition, the synergistic effect of these antimicrobials was evaluated at 1/2 MIC. Here our study showed particularly promising results regarding the inhibitory effect at sub-inhibitory concentrations, which were confirmed by the analysis of bacterial growth dynamics over 72 h. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of EOCs, HLE disinfectant solution and EDTA or their combinations was studied in developing and established biofilms of MDR bacteria obtaining variable results depending on the morphological structure of the tested strain and the phenolic character of the EOCs. Importantly, the combination of EOCs with HLE or EDTA showed particularly positive results given the effective inhibition of biofilm formation. Moreover, the synergistic combinations of EU and HLE/EDTA, TH, CA, GE, LI or CIN + EDTA/HLE caused log reductions in established biofilms of several strains (1-6 log10 CFU) depending on the species and the combination used, with Pseudomonas sp. strains being the most susceptible. Given these results, we propose novel antimicrobial formulations based on the combination of sub-inhibitory concentrations of EOCs and HLE or EDTA as a highly promising alternative to currently used approaches. This novel strategy notably shows great potential to efficiently decrease the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria and ARGs in the food chain and the environment, thus supporting the decrease of resistomes and pathogenesis in clinical and industrial areas while preserving the antibiotic therapeutic action.

Transcriptomic Profile and Probiotic Properties of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus Pre-adapted to Edible Oils.

In this study, we determined whether pre-adapting Lactiplantibacillus pentosus strains, isolated from Aloreña green table olives, to vegetable-based edible oils improved their robustness and functionality; this may have great importance on their stress response during fermentation, storage, and digestion. Pre-adapting the strains to the corresponding oils significantly increased their probiotic functionality (e.g., auto-aggregation, co-aggregation with pathogens, and mucin adhesion), although results depended on the strain and the oil used for pre-adaptation. As such, we selected olive-adapted (TO) L. pentosus AP2-16, which exhibited improved functionality, and subjected it to transcriptomic profiling with the aim to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptation and the increased functionality. Global transcriptomic analysis of oil-adapted (olive or almond) and non-adapted (control) L. pentosus AP2-16 realized that 3,259 genes were expressed, with 2,779 mapped to the reference database. Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that 125 genes (olive vs. control) and 108 genes (olive vs. almond) became significantly differentially expressed. TO L. pentosus AP2-16 responded by rerouting its metabolic pathways to balance energy production and storage, cell growth and survivability, host interactions (glycoconjugates), and other physiological features. As such, the pre-adaptation of lactobacilli with olive oil switches their transcriptional network to regulate robustness and functionality, possibly representing a novel approach toward the design and manufacture of probiotic products with improved stability and functionality.

[Living in nursing homes. Prognostic factor of mortality in respiratory infections?] / Vivir en residencias de ancianos ¿Factor pronóstico de mortalidad en infecciones respiratorias?

Respiratory infection is one of the most frequent diagnoses associated with high mortality. Living in a nursing home could be a predictive risk factor for mortality. The objective was to study the characteristics of patients with respiratory infection according to whether they came from their home or nursing homes, and to analyze whether their origin is a risk factor for mortality. It was a prospective cohort study, that included 208 patients with respiratory infection admitted to the Internal Medicine Service, that participated in the study. Clinical, analytical, epidemiological, prognostic and therapeutic variables were collected and a multivariate analysis was performed. Patients had an average age of 83 years and 64.9% came from their home. 44.7% had heart failure as a clinical history. Most of patients met criteria of pluripatology, polypharmacy and were moderately dependent according to Barthel's index. Mortality at admission was 16 patients (7.7%), and during the six-month follow-up of 37 patients (17.8%). Those coming from nursing homes had a higher mortality rate, 37%, than those who lived in their own home, 19.3% (p = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, the prognostic factors for mortality were a higher level of urea at admission (OR = 2.33, IC 95% = 1.06-5.11) and the non-prescription of oxygen at discharge (OR = 2.96, IC 95% = 1.29-6.82). In conclusion, a higher percentage of mortality is observed in patients coming from nursing homes, however further research is needed to clarify whether living in a residence for elderly can be considered an independent risk factor for mortality.

La infección respiratoria es uno de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en el ámbito sanitario asociado a una elevada mortalidad. Residir en una residencia de ancianos podría ser un factor de riesgo predictivo de mortalidad. El objetivo fue estudiar las características de los pacientes con infección respiratoria según procedieran de su domicilio o de residencias de ancianos, y analizar si la procedencia es un factor de riesgo de mortalidad. Se trata de un estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Participaron 208 pacientes con infección respiratoria ingresados en un Servicio de Medicina Interna. Se recogieron variables clínicas, analíticas, epidemiológicas, pronosticas y terapéuticas realizándose un análisis multivariado. Los pacientes tuvieron una edad media 83 años y 135 (64.9%) procedían de su domicilio. El 44.7% presentaban insuficiencia cardiaca como antecedente clínico. La mayoría cumplían criterios de pluripatología, polifarmacia y tenían una dependencia moderada según índice de Barthel. La mortalidad durante el internamiento hospitalario fue de 16 pacientes (7.7%), y durante el seguimiento a seis meses de 37 (17.8%). Los procedentes de residencias de ancianos presentaron una mayor mortalidad, un 37%, que los que vivían en su propio domicilio, un 19,3% (p = 0.005). En el análisis multivariado los factores pronósticos de mortalidad fueron un mayor nivel de urea al ingreso (OR = 2.33, IC 95% = 1.06-5.11) y la no prescripción de oxígeno al alta (OR = 2.96, IC 95% = 1.29-6.82). En conclusión, se observó un mayor porcentaje de mortalidad en los pacientes procedentes de residencias de ancianos, sin embargo, es necesario realizar más investigaciones para clarificar si el residir en un centro geriátrico puede ser considerado un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad.

Vivir en residencias de ancianos ¿Factor pronóstico de mortalidad en infecciones respiratorias? / Living in nursing homes. Prognostic factor of mortality in respiratory infections?

Resumen La infección respiratoria es uno de los diagnósticos más frecuentes en el ámbito sanitario asociado a una elevada mortalidad. Residir en una residencia de ancianos podría ser un factor de riesgo predictivo de mortalidad. El objetivo fue estudiar las características de los pacientes con infección respiratoria según procedieran de su domicilio o de residencias de ancianos, y analizar si la procedencia es un factor de riesgo de mortalidad. Se trata de un estudio de cohortes prospectivo. Participaron 208 pacientes con infección respiratoria ingresados en un Servicio de Medicina Interna. Se recogieron variables clínicas, analíticas, epidemio lógicas, pronosticas y terapéuticas realizándose un análisis multivariado. Los pacientes tuvieron una edad media 83 años y 135 (64.9%) procedían de su domicilio. El 44.7% presentaban insuficiencia cardiaca como antecedente clínico. La mayoría cumplían criterios de pluripatología, polifarmacia y tenían una dependencia moderada según índice de Barthel. La mortalidad durante el internamiento hospitalario fue de 16 pacientes (7.7%), y durante el seguimiento a seis meses de 37 (17.8%). Los procedentes de residencias de ancianos presentaron una mayor mortalidad, un 37%, que los que vivían en su propio domicilio, un 19,3% (p = 0.005). En el análisis multivariado los factores pronósticos de mortalidad fueron un mayor nivel de urea al ingreso (OR = 2.33, IC 95% = 1.06-5.11) y la no prescripción de oxígeno al alta (OR = 2.96, IC 95% = 1.29-6.82). En conclusión, se observó un mayor porcentaje de mortalidad en los pacientes procedentes de residencias de ancianos, sin embargo, es necesario realizar más investigaciones para clarificar si el residir en un centro geriátrico puede ser considerado un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad.

Abstract Respiratory infection is one of the most frequent diagnoses associated with high mortality. Living in a nursing home could be a predictive risk factor for mortality. The objective was to study the characteristics of patients with respi ratory infection according to whether they came from their home or nursing homes, and to analyze whether their origin is a risk factor for mortality. It was a prospective cohort study, that included 208 patients with respiratory infection admitted to the Internal Medicine Service, that participated in the study. Clinical, analytical, epidemiologi cal, prognostic and therapeutic variables were collected and a multivariate analysis was performed. Patients had an average age of 83 years and 64.9% came from their home. 44.7% had heart failure as a clinical history. Most of patients met criteria of pluripatology, polypharmacy and were moderately dependent according to Barthel's index. Mortality at admission was 16 patients (7.7%), and during the six-month follow-up of 37 patients (17.8%). Those coming from nursing homes had a higher mortality rate, 37%, than those who lived in their own home, 19.3% (p = 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, the prognostic factors for mortality were a higher level of urea at admission (OR = 2.33, IC 95% = 1.06-5.11) and the non-prescription of oxygen at discharge (OR = 2.96, IC 95% = 1.29-6.82). In conclusion, a higher percentage of mortality is observed in patients coming from nursing homes, however further research is needed to clarify whether living in a residence for elderly can be considered an independent risk factor for mortality.

Preclinical studies of efficacy thresholds and tolerability of a clinically ready lentiviral vector for pyruvate kinase deficiency treatment.

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the PKLR gene. PKD is characterized by non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia of variable severity and may be fatal in some cases during early childhood. Although not considered the standard of care, allogeneic stem cell transplantation has been shown as a potentially curative treatment, limited by donor availability, toxicity, and incomplete engraftment. Preclinical studies were conducted to define conditions to enable consistent therapeutic reversal, which were based on our previous data on lentiviral gene therapy for PKD. Improvement of erythroid parameters was identified by the presence of 20%-30% healthy donor cells. A minimum vector copy number (VCN) of 0.2-0.3 was required to correct PKD when corrected cells were transplanted in a mouse model for PKD. Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics studies, with the aim of conducting a global gene therapy clinical trial for PKD patients (RP-L301-0119), demonstrated that genetically corrected cells do not confer additional side effects. Moreover, a clinically compatible transduction protocol with mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells was optimized, thus facilitating the efficient transduction on human cells capable of repopulating the hematopoiesis of immunodeficient mice. We established conditions for a curative lentiviral vector gene therapy protocol for PKD.

Cuidado a los adolescentes institucionalizados: perspectiva de las madres cuidadoras

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el cuidado a los adolescentes institucionalizados desde la perspectiva de madres cuidadoras en un centro de atención residencial de Chiclayo, Perú. Material y Método: Investigación cualitativa descriptiva, con muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia y saturación, cuyas participantes, previo consentimiento informado, fueron 10 madres cuidadoras de un centro de atención residencial y a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, validada mediante juicio de tres expertos. El rigor se sustentó en los criterios de credibilidad, auditabilidad y transferibilidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 3 categorías: a) Cumplimiento de los requerimientos nutricionales y monitorización de la higiene personal, b) Afecto y comunicación asertiva para reeducar en valores y c) Apoyo en las tareas del rol de la vida diaria. Conclusión: Las madres cuidadoras asumen la función como lo haría una madre biológica, coordinando con todos los profesionales que allí trabajan, y en equipo intentan formar o reformar a un adolescente separado de su familia consanguínea por orden judicial al carecer de un entorno favorable para su crecimiento y desarrollo. De este modo realizan un conjunto de actividades para satisfacer las necesidades primordiales y afectivas, inculcan disciplina y valores, y el cumplimiento del rol diario de vida para su autosuperación. También propician actividades recreativas y deportivas. Incluso hay indicios que fortalecen la fe a través de la oración y actúa para coordinar siempre con todos los profesionales que allí trabajan, en especial con la enfermera, quien es la responsable de velar por la salud integral de estos adolescentes.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the care for institutionalized adolescents from the perspective of caregiving women in a residential care center in Chiclayo, Peru. Material and Method: Descriptive qualitative research, with non-probabilistic sampling, using convenience and saturation. Participants consisted of 10 caregiving women of a residential care center, who signed prior informed consent and responded a semi-structured interview validated by three experts. Rigor was based on the criteria of credibility, auditability and transferability. Results: 3 categories were identified: a) Compliance with nutritional requirements and monitoring of personal hygiene, b) Affection and assertive communication to re-educate in values and c) Support in daily life tasks. Conclusion: Caregivers act as biological mothers, coordinating with other professionals working at the care center. They try to educate or re-educate an adolescent separated from his or her biological family after a court ruling decision due to lack of a favorable environment for his or her growth and development. In this way, they carry out different activities to satisfy the primary and affective needs, instill discipline and values, as well as encourage self-improvement through daily tasks. They also promote recreational and sports activities. There are even indications that caregivers strengthen faith through prayer and work in coordination with other professionals, especially with the nurses who are responsible for the general health of adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o cuidado a adolescentes institucionalizados na perspectiva de cuidadores de um centro residencial de saúde em Chiclayo, Peru. Material e Método: Pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, com amostragem não probabilística, por conveniência e saturação, cujos participantes, com consentimento informado prévio, foram 10 cuidadores de um centro de assistência residencial e aos quais foi aplicada uma entrevista semiestruturada, validada por julgamento de três especialistas. O rigor baseou-se nos critérios de credibilidade, auditabilidade e transferibilidade. Resultados: Foram identificadas 3 categorias: a) Cumprimento das necessidades nutricionais e acompanhamento da higiene pessoal, b) Afeto e comunicação assertiva para reeducar em valores e c) Apoio nas tarefas do papel da vida diária. Conclusão: As mães cuidadoras assumem o papel de mãe biológica, articulandose com todos os profissionais que ali atuam, e em equipe procuram formar ou reformar o adolescente separado de sua família consanguínea por ordem judicial por falta de um ambiente favorável para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento. Dessa forma, realizam um conjunto de atividades para a satisfação das necessidades primordiais e afetivas, inculcam disciplina e valores, e o cumprimento do papel cotidiano da vida para o seu crescimento pessoal. Eles também promovem atividades recreativas e esportivas. Há até sinais que fortalecem a fé por meio da oração e agem em articulação sempre com todos os profissionais que ali trabalham, principalmente com o enfermeiro, que é responsável por zelar pela saúde integral desses adolescentes.

Respuesta al tratamiento con estibogluconato sódico para leishmaniasis cutánea en población indígena y mestiza, Amazonas 2014-2018 / Response to treatment with sodium stibogluconate for cutaneous leishmaniasis in indigenous and mestizo population, Amazonas, 2014-2018

Objetivo. Determinar la respuesta al tratamiento con Estibogluconato Sódico en población indígena y mestiza con diagnóstico de leishmaniasis cutánea según ciclo de tratamiento, sexo y etapa de vida, pertenecientes a las Microredes Nieva, Galilea, Tingo y Pedro Ruiz Gallo de la Región Amazonas del 2014 ­ 2018, en Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de corte longitudinal, teniendo como universo muestral 559 fichas de pacientes; el método fue inductivo, técnica análisis de datos y el instrumento fue la ficha de registro de datos. Resultados: En la población indígena el 98,1% respondió al tratamiento con primer ciclo de Estibogluconato Sódico y en la población mestiza fue el 94%, los demás pacientes respondieron con segundo ciclo de tratamiento; asimismo del total de pacientes mestizos, el 47,5% fue femenino y de la población indígena el 70,4% fue masculino (p=0,000); de las etapas de vida más afectadas con segundo ciclo de tratamiento fueron la adulta 50% (población indígena) y en la etapa niño 11,2% (población mestiza). Conclusión: El mayor porcentaje de los pacientes presentaron una respuesta adecuada (curaron con el primer ciclo de tratamiento) al Estibogluconato Sódico en ambas poblaciones asimismo las etapas de vida más afectadas fueron la adultez y la niñez

Objetive. To determine the response to treatment with Sodium Stibogluconate in indigenous and mestizo population with diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis according to treatment cycle, sex and life stage, belonging to the Microredes Nieva, Galilea, Tingo and Pedro Ruiz Gallo of the Amazon Region of 2014 - 2018, in Pe r u . M a t e r i a l a n d m e t h o d s : D e s c r i p t i v e , retrospective, longitudinal-sectional study, having as sample universe 559 patient records; the method was inductive, technical data analysis and the instrument was the data record. Results: In the indigenous population, 98.1% responded to the treatment with the first cycle of Sodium Stibogluconate and in the mestizo population it was 94%, the other patients responded with the second treatment cycle; also of the total mestizo patients, 47.5% were female and 70.4% of the indigenous population were male (p=0,000); of the most affected life stages with the second cycle of treatment were the adult 50% (indigenous population) and in the child stage 11.2% (mestizo population). Conclusion: The highest percentage of the patients presented an adequate response (they cured with the first cycle of treatment) to Sodium Stibogluconate in both populations also the most affected life stages were adulthood and childhood

Expresión proteica del fluido folicular asociado a la calidad del oocito de vacas Cebú / Follicular fluid (FF) protein expression associated with oocyte quality in Zebu cattle / Expressão proteica do fluido folicular associado a qualidade do oócito de vacas Cebú

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la expresión de proteínas del fluido folicular (FF) y su relación con la calidad del oocito. Se evaluaron 52 ovarios de planta de faenado de vacas Cebú comercial, mediante la técnica de disección y aspiración folicular se obtuvo FF y oocitos. Las evaluaciones realizadas fueron: calidad del oocito por aspecto citoplasmático y células del cúmulos y perfil de proteínas del FF mediante SDS-PAGE. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo, a través del procedimiento MEANS, análisis de varianza (PROC. ANOVA) y para las diferencias estadísticas significativas se usó la prueba de comparación de Bonferroni con un nivel de significancia del 5%, mediante el paquete estadístico SAS®. El 52% de los oocitos se categorizaron con calidad I-II. El análisis unidimensional de las proteínas del FF evidenció la presencia de 25 bandas de proteína entre 9 y 240 kDa. En folículos <3 mm se expresaron 23 bandas, en folículos de 3 y 6 mm 19 bandas y en folículos >6mm 20 bandas. Las bandas de peso molecular (PM) de 26kDa, 57kDa y 68kDa representan la mayor concentración en el FF; 4 bandas de PM 14 KDa, 34 KDa, 76 y 79 KDa, solo en folículos de <3mm, 2 bandas de PM 9 y 91 KDa solo en folículos de >3 mm. La banda de 32 KDa no se observó en folículos > de 6mm. Las bandas de mayor frecuencia de presentación fueron las de 26, 40, 42, 57, 68, 240 KDa. Las bandas de proteína que se asociaron con la calidad del oocito en forma significativa (p<0,05) fueron las de PM 24, 57, 68 y 164 KDa para FF de folículos <3mm y las bandas de PM 13, 26 y 38 kDa entre 3 y 6mm, y la de 26 kDa a folículos > de 6mm. Los resultados nos indican asociaciones de la calidad del oocito con algunas bandas de proteína.

Abstract This study was aimed at determining follicular fluid (FF) protein expression and its relationship with oocyte quality. FF and oocytes were obtained by dissection and follicular aspiration of the ovaries from fifty-two commercial Zebu from a slaughterhouse. Oocyte quality was measured by cytoplasmic aspect and cumulus cells and FF protein profile by SDS-PAGE. The SAS statistical package's PROC MEANS and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for descriptive analysis and the Bonferroni comparison test for assessing significant statistical differences (5% significance level); 52% of the oocytes were categorised as having I-II quality. One-dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis of FF proteins revealed 25 protein bands having 9 kDa to 240 kDa molecular weight (MW); 23 bands were expressed in <3 mm follicles, 19 bands in 3 and 6 mm follicles and 20 bands in >6 mm follicles. The 26kDa, 57kDa and 68kDa bands' MW represented the highest FF concentration whereas only four bands (14 kDa, 34 kDa, 76 and 79 kDa MW) were found in <3mm follicles and only 2 bands (9kDa and 91 kDa MW) in >3 mm follicles. The 32 kDa band was not observed in >6mm follicles. The 26, 40, 42, 57, 68 and 240 KDa bands occurred with the greatest frequency. The protein bands which were significantly associated with oocyte quality (p<0.05) were 24, 57, 68 and 164 kDa MW for <3mm follicles, 13, 26 and 38 kDa MW bands for 3 and 6mm follicles and 26 kDa for >6mm follicles. The results indicated oocyte quality association with some protein bands.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a expressão de proteínas do fluido folicular (FF) e sua relação com a qualidade do oócito. Avaliou-se 52 ovários de vacas Cebú comercial colhidos em abatedouro e através da técnica de dissecação e aspiração folicular obtivera-se o FF e os oócitos. As avaliações realizadas foram: qualidade do oócito pelo aspecto citoplasmático e células do cúmulos e o perfil de proteínas do FF mediante SDS-PAGE. Realizou-se a análise descritiva, através do procedimento MEANS, análise de variância (PROC. ANOVA) e para identificar as diferenças estatísticas significativas, utilizou-se a prova de comparação de Bonferroni com um nível de significância de 5%, através do pacote estadístico SAS®. O 52% dos oócitos foram classificados como qualidade I e II. As análises unidimensionais das proteínas do FF evidenciaram a presença de 25 bandas de proteína entre 9 y 240 kDa. Em folículos <3 mm expressaram-se 23 bandas, em folículos entre 3 e 6 mm 19 bandas e em folículos >6mm 20 bandas. As bandas de peso molecular (PM) de 26kDa, 57kDa e 68kDa são as mais frequentes no FF; 4 bandas de PM 14 KDa, 34 KDa, 76 y 79 KDa, solo em folículos de <3mm, 2 bandas de PM 9 y 91 KDa solo em folículos de >3 mm. A banda de 32 KDa não foi observada em folículos> de 6mm. As bandas mais frequentes foram 26, 40, 42, 57, 68, 240 KDa. As bandas de proteína que se associaram à qualidade do oócito em forma significativa (p <0,05) foram as de PM 24, 57, 68 e 164 KDa para FF de folículos <3mm e as bandas de PM 13, 26 e 38 kDa entre 3 e 6mm, e a de 26 kDa a folículos >6mm. Os resultados indicam associações entre qualidade do oócito e algumas bandas de proteína.

Combined inhibition of PIM and CDK4/6 suppresses both mTOR signaling and Rb phosphorylation and potentiates PI3K inhibition in cancer cells.

Aberrant activation of mitogenic signaling pathways in cancer promotes growth and proliferation of cells by activating mTOR and S6 phosphorylation, and D-cyclin kinases and Rb phosphorylation, respectively. Correspondingly, inhibition of phosphorylation of both Rb and S6 is required for robust anti-tumor efficacy of drugs that inhibit cell signaling. The best-established mechanism of mTOR activation in cancer is via PI3K/Akt signaling, but mTOR activity can also be stimulated by CDK4 and PIM kinases. In this study, we show that the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib inhibits PIM kinase and S6 phosphorylation in cancer cells and concurrent inhibition of PIM, CDK4, and CDK6 suppresses both S6 and Rb phosphorylation. TSC2 or PIK3CA mutations obviate the requirement for PIM kinase and circumvent the inhibition of S6 phosphorylation by abemaciclib. Combination with a PI3K inhibitor restored suppression of S6 phosphorylation and synergized to curtail cell growth. By combining abemaciclib with a PI3K inhibitor, three pathways (Akt, PIM, and CDK4) to mTOR activation are neutralized, suggesting a potential combination strategy for the treatment of PIK3CA-mutant ER+ breast cancer.