Probiotic Potential and Application of Indigenous Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria in Ripened Short-Aged Cheese.

There are massive sources of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in traditional dairy products. Some of these indigenous strains could be novel probiotics with applications in human health and supply the growing needs of the probiotic industry. In this work, were analyzed the probiotic and technological properties of three Lactobacilli strains isolated from traditional Brazilian cheeses. In vitro tests showed that the three strains are safe and have probiotic features. They presented antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, auto-aggregation values around 60%, high biofilm formation properties, and a survivor of more than 65% to simulated acid conditions and more than 100% to bile salts. The three strains were used as adjunct cultures separately in a pilot-scale production of Prato cheese. After 45 days of ripening, the lactobacilli counts in the cheeses were close to 8 Log CFU/g, and was observed a reduction in the lactococci counts (around -3 Log CFU/g) in a strain-dependent manner. Cheese primary and secondary proteolysis were unaffected by the probiotic candidates during the ripening, and the strains showed no lipolytic effect, as no changes in the fatty acid profile of cheeses were observed. Thus, our findings suggest that the three strains evaluated have probiotic properties and have potential as adjunct non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) to improve the quality and functionality of short-aged cheeses.

Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of DOF Gene Family in Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae).

Eugenia uniflora is a Brazilian native plant species with great ecological and economic importance. It is distributed throughout the Atlantic forest, where two distinct populations show local adaptation to the contrasting conditions of restinga and riparian forest. Among various TFs described in plants, the DOF TF family has been reported to affect flowering and vascular development, making them promising candidates for characterization in E. uniflora. In this study, 28 DOF genes were identified by a genome-wide analysis, of which 20 were grouped into 11 MCOGs by Bayesian phylogeny, suggesting a shared functionallity between members. Based on RNA-seq experiments, we have detected eight drought responsive genes, and SNPs identification revealed population unique polymorphisms, implying a role in local adapatation mechanisms. Finally, analysis of conserved motifs through MEME revealed 15 different protein motifs, and a promoter region analysis returned 40 enriched TF binding motifs, both reporting novel biological functions circa the DOF gene family. In general, the DOF family is found to be conserved both in sequence and expression. Furthermore, this study contributes to both DOF literature and the genetic exploration of native species, elucidating their genetic potential and bringing to light new research topics, paving the way to future studies.

Identification of Functional Genetic Variations Underlying Flooding Tolerance in Brazilian Soybean Genotypes.

Flooding is a frequent environmental stress that reduces soybean (Glycine max) growth and grain yield in many producing areas in the world, such as, e.g., in the United States, Southeast Asia and Southern Brazil. In these regions, soybean is frequently cultivated in lowland areas by rotating with rice (Oryza sativa), which provides numerous technical, economic and environmental benefits. Given these realities, this work aimed to characterize physiological responses, identify genes differentially expressed under flooding stress in Brazilian soybean genotypes with contrasting flooding tolerance, and select SNPs with potential use for marker-assisted selection. Soybean cultivars TECIRGA 6070 (flooding tolerant) and FUNDACEP 62 (flooding sensitive) were grown up to the V6 growth stage and then flooding stress was imposed. Total RNA was extracted from leaves 24 h after the stress was imposed and sequenced. In total, 421 induced and 291 repressed genes were identified in both genotypes. TECIRGA 6070 presented 284 and 460 genes up- and down-regulated, respectively, under flooding conditions. Of those, 100 and 148 genes were exclusively up- and down-regulated, respectively, in the tolerant genotype. Based on the RNA sequencing data, SNPs in differentially expressed genes in response to flooding stress were identified. Finally, 38 SNPs, located in genes with functional annotation for response to abiotic stresses, were found in TECIRGA 6070 and absent in FUNDACEP 62. To validate them, 22 SNPs were selected for designing KASP assays that were used to genotype a panel of 11 contrasting genotypes with known phenotypes. In addition, the phenotypic and grain yield impacts were analyzed in four field experiments using a panel of 166 Brazilian soybean genotypes. Five SNPs possibly related to flooding tolerance in Brazilian soybean genotypes were identified. The information generated from this research will be useful to develop soybean genotypes adapted to poorly drained soils or areas subject to flooding.

Perspectives in Myrtaceae evolution from plastomes and nuclear phylogenies.

Myrtaceae is a large and species-rich family of woody eudicots, with prevalent distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. Classification and taxonomy of species belonging to this family is quite challenging, sometimes with difficulty in species identification and producing phylogenies with low support for species relationships. Most of the current knowledge comes from few molecular markers, such as plastid genes and intergenic regions, which can be difficult to handle and produce conflicting results. Based on plastid protein-coding sequences and nuclear markers, we present a topology for the phylogenetic relationships among Myrtaceae tribes. Our phylogenetic estimate offers a contrasting topology over previous analysis with fewer markers. Plastome phylogeny groups the tribes Syzygieae and Eucalypteae and individual chloroplast genes produce divergent topologies, especially among species within Myrteae tribe, but also in regard to the grouping of Syzygieae and Eucalypteae. Results are consistent and reproducible with both nuclear and organellar datasets. It confronts previous data about the deep nodes of Myrtaceae phylogeny.

Molecular Characterisation of Soybean Osmotins and Their Involvement in Drought Stress Response.

Osmotins are multifunctional proteins belonging to the thaumatin-like family related to plant stress responses. To better understand the functions of soybean osmotins in drought stress response, the current study presents the characterisation of four previously described proteins and a novel putative soybean osmotin (GmOLPa-like). Gene and protein structure as well as gene expression analyses were conducted on different tissues and developmental stages of two soybean cultivars with varying dehydration sensitivities (BR16 and EMB48 are highly and slightly sensitive, respectively). The analysed osmotin sequences share the conserved amino acid signature and 3D structure of the thaumatin-like family. Some differences were observed in the conserved regions of protein sequences and in the electrostatic surface potential. P21-like present the most similar electrostatic potential to osmotins previously characterised as promoters of drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum nigrum. Gene expression analysis indicated that soybean osmotins were differentially expressed in different organs (leaves and roots), developmental stages (R1 and V3), and cultivars in response to dehydration. In addition, under dehydration conditions, the highest level of gene expression was detected for GmOLPa-like and P21-like osmotins in the leaves and roots, respectively, of the less drought sensitive cultivar. Altogether, the results suggest an involvement of these genes in drought stress tolerance.

Comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genomes from six Neotropical species of Myrteae (Myrtaceae).

Myrteae is the largest and most diverse tribe within Myrtaceae and represents the majority of its diversity in the Neotropics. Members of Myrteae hold ecological importance in tropical biomes for the provision of food sources for many animal species. Thus, due to its several roles, a growing interest has been addressed to this group. In this study, we report the sequencing and de novo assembly of the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of six Myrteae species: Eugenia brasiliensis, E. pyriformis, E. nitida, Myrcianthes pungens, Plinia edulis and Psidium cattleianum. We characterized genome structure, gene content, and identified SSRs to detect variation within Neotropical Myrteae. The six newly sequenced plastomes exhibit a typical quadripartite structure, gene content and organization highly conserved among Myrtaceae species. Some differences in genome length, protein-coding genes and non-coding regions were found. Besides, IR boundaries present structural changes among species. Increased sequence diversity was observed in some intergenic regions, suggesting their suitability for investigating intraand interspecific genetic diversity in populational studies. These data also contribute to the improvement of taxa sampling in further phylogenetic investigations to understand Myrtaceae evolution.

Transcriptomics analysis of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine (Myrtaceae) unveil potential genes involved in fruit pigmentation.

Psidium cattleyanum Sabine is an Atlantic Forest native species that presents some populations with red fruits and others with yellow fruits. This variation in fruit pigmentation in this species is an intriguing character that could be related to species evolution but still needs to be further explored. Our goal was to provide genomic information for these morphotypes to understand the molecular mechanisms of differences in fruit colour in this species. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of red and yellow morphotypes of P. cattleyanum, considering two stages of fruit ripening. The transcriptomic analysis performed encompassing leaves, unripe and ripe fruits, in triplicate for each morphotype. The transcriptome consensus from each morphotype showed 301,058 and 298,310 contigs from plants with yellow and red fruits, respectively. The differential expression revealed important genes that were involved in anthocyanins biosynthesis, such as the anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) and UDP-glucose:flavonoid-o-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) that were differentially regulated during fruit ripening. This study reveals stimulating data for the understanding of the pathways and mechanisms involved in the maturation and colouring of P. cattleyanum fruits and suggests that the ANS and UFGT genes are key factors involved in the synthase and pigmentation accumulation in red fruits.

Transcriptional analyses of two soybean cultivars under salt stress.

Soybean is an economically important plant, and its production is affected in soils with high salinity levels. It is important to understand the adaptive mechanisms through which plants overcome this kind of stress and to identify potential genes for improving abiotic stress tolerance. RNA-Seq data of two Glycine max cultivars, a drought-sensitive (C08) and a tolerant (Conquista), subjected to different periods of salt stress were analyzed. The transcript expression profile was obtained using a transcriptogram approach, comparing both cultivars and different times of treatment. After 4 h of salt stress, Conquista cultivar had 1400 differentially expressed genes, 647 induced and 753 repressed. Comparative expression revealed that 719 genes share the same pattern of induction or repression between both cultivars. Among them, 393 genes were up- and 326 down-regulated. Salt stress also modified the expression of 54 isoforms of miRNAs in Conquista, by the maturation of 39 different pre-miRNAs. The predicted targets for 12 of those mature miRNAs also have matches with 15 differentially expressed genes from our analyses. We found genes involved in important pathways related to stress adaptation. Genes from both ABA and BR signaling pathways were modulated, with possible crosstalk between them, and with a likely post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs. Genes related to ethylene biosynthesis, DNA repair, and plastid translation process were those that could be regulated by miRNA.

Characterization and expression analysis of P5CS (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase) gene in two distinct populations of the Atlantic Forest native species Eugenia uniflora L.

Eugenia uniflora is an Atlantic Forest native species, occurring in contrasting edaphoclimatic environments. The identification of genes involved in response to abiotic factors is very relevant to help in understanding the processes of local adaptation. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is one interesting gene to study in this species since it encodes a key enzyme of proline biosynthesis, which is an osmoprotectant during abiotic stress. Applying in silico analysis, we identified one P5CS gene sequence of E. uniflora (EuniP5CS). Phylogenetic analysis, as well as, gene and protein structure investigation, revealed that EuniP5CS is a member of P5CS gene family. Plants of E. uniflora from two distinct environments (restinga and riparian forest) presented differences in the proline accumulation and P5CS expression levels under growth-controlled conditions. Both proline accumulation and gene expression level of EuniP5CS were higher in the genotypes from riparian forest than those from restinga. When these plants were submitted to drought stress, EuniP5CS gene was up-regulated in the plants from restinga, but not in those from riparian forest. These results demonstrated that EuniP5CS is involved in proline biosynthesis in this species and suggest that P5CS gene may be an interesting candidate gene in future studies to understand the processes of local adaptation in E. uniflora.

Identification of root transcriptional responses to shoot illumination in Arabidopsis thaliana.

KEY MESSAGE: The transcriptional profile of roots is highly affected by shoot illumination. Transcriptogram analysis allows the identification of cellular processes that are not detected by DESeq. Light is a key environmental factor regulating plant growth and development. Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown under light display a photomorphogenic development pattern, showing short hypocotyl and long roots. On the other hand, when grown in darkness, they display skotomorphogenic development, with long hypocotyls and short roots. Although many signals from shoots might be important for triggering root growth, the early transcriptional responses that stimulate primary root elongation are still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate which genes are involved in the early photomorphogenic root development of dark grown roots. We found that 1616 genes 4 days after germination (days-old), and 3920 genes 7 days-old were differently expressed in roots when the shoot was exposed to light. Of these genes, 979 were up regulated in 4 days and 2784 at 7 days-old. We compared the functional categorization of differentially regulated processes by two methods: GO term enrichment and transcriptogram analysis. Expression analysis of nine selected candidate genes in roots confirmed the data observed in the RNA-seq analysis. Loss-of-function mutants of these selected differentially expressed genes suggest the involvement of these genes in root development in response to shoot illumination. Our findings are consistent with the observation that dark grown roots respond to the shoot-perceived aboveground light environment.

Circular and Micro RNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana Flowers Are Simultaneously Isolated from AGO-IP Libraries.

Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) are natural transcripts that can act as endogenous sponges of microRNAs (miRNAs), modulating miRNA action upon target mRNAs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are one among the various classes of ceRNAs. They are produced from a process called back-splicing and have been identified in many eukaryotes. In plants, their effective action as a miRNA sponge was not yet demonstrated. To address this question, public mRNAseq data from Argonaute-immunoprecipitation libraries (AGO-IP) of Arabidopsis thaliana flowers were used in association with a bioinformatics comparative multi-method to identify putative circular RNAs. A total of 27,812 circRNAs, with at least two reads at the back-splicing junction, were identified. Further analyses were used to select those circRNAs with potential miRNAs binding sites. As AGO forms a ternary complex with miRNA and target mRNA, targets count in AGO-IP and input libraries were compared, demonstrating that mRNA targets of these miRNAs are enriched in AGO-IP libraries. Through this work, five circRNAs that may function as miRNA sponges were identified and one of them were validated by PCR and sequencing. Our findings indicate that this post-transcriptional regulation can also occur in plants.

Araucaria angustifolia chloroplast genome sequence and its relation to other Araucariaceae.

Araucaria angustifolia is endemic to southern Brazil. Known as Brazilian pine, A. angustifolia is the only native conifer species with economic and social relevance in this country. Due to massive exploitation, it has suffered a significant population decline and currently is classified as critically endangered. This encouraged the scientific community to investigate genetic features in Brazilian pine to increase resources for management and preservation. In this work, RNA-Seq data was used to determine the complete nucleotide sequence of the A. angustifolia chloroplast genome (cpDNA). The cpDNA is 146,203 bp in length and contains 122 genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 5 ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Coding regions comprise 45.02%, 4.96% correspond to rRNAs and tRNAs, and 50.02% of the genome encompasses non-coding regions. Genes found in the inverted repeat (IR) are present as single copy, with exception of the rrn5 and trnI-CAU loci. The typical LSC, SSC, IRa and IRb organization reported in several land-plant groups is not present in A. angustifolia cpDNA. Phylogenetic analyses using Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood methods clustered A. angustifolia in the Araucariaceae family, with A. heterophylla and A. columnaris as congeneric species. The screening of A. angustifolia cpDNA reveled 100 SSRs, 14 of them corresponding to tetrapolymer loci.

Novel and Conserved miRNAs Among Brazilian Pine and Other Gymnosperms.

The knowledge about plant miRNAs has increased exponentially, with thousands of miRNAs been reported in different plant taxa using high throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatic tools. Nevertheless, several groups of plants remain unexplored, and the gap of knowledge about conifer miRNAs is considerable. There is no sequence or functional information available on miRNAs in Araucariaceae. This group is represented in Brazil by only one species, Araucaria angustifolia, an endangered species known as Brazilian pine. In the present study, Brazilian pine has its transcriptome explored with respect to small RNAs, representing the first description in a member of the Araucariaceae family. The screening for conserved miRNAs in Brazilian pine revealed 115 sequences of 30 miRNA families. A total of 106 precursors sequences were predicted. Forty one comprised conserved miRNAs from 16 families, whereas 65 were annotated as novel miRNAs. The comparison of Brazilian pine precursors with sRNA libraries of other five conifer species indicates that 9 out 65 novel miRNAs are conserved among gymnosperms, while 56 seems to be specific for Brazilian pine or restricted to Araucariaceae family. Analysis comparing novel Brazilian pine miRNAs precursors and Araucaria cunninghamii RNA-seq data identified seven orthologs between both species. Mature miRNA identified by bioinformatics predictions were validated using stem-loop RT-qPCR assays. The expression pattern of conserved and novel miRNAs was analyzed in five different tissues of 3-month-old Araucaria seedlings. The present study provides insights about the nature and composition of miRNAs in an Araucariaceae species, with valuable information on miRNAs diversity and conservation in this taxon.

Genome-wide analysis and evolution of plant thaumatin-like proteins: a focus on the origin and diversification of osmotins.

Osmotin is an important multifunctional protein related to plant stress responses and is classified into the thaumatin-like protein (TLP) family. Using genome-wide and phylogenetic approaches, we investigated osmotin origin and diversification across plant TLP evolution. Genomic and protein in silico analysis tools were also accessed and considered for the study conclusions. Phylogenetic analysis including a total of 722 sequences from 32 Viridiplantae species allowed the identification of an osmotin group that includes all previously characterized osmotins. Based on the phylogenetic tree results, it is evident that the osmotin group emerged from spermatophytes. Phylogenetic separation and gene expansion could be accounted for by an exclusive motif composition and organization that emerged and was maintained following tandem and block duplications as well as natural selection. The TLP family conserved residues and structures that were also identified in the sequences of the osmotin group, thus suggesting their maintenance for defense responses. The gene expression of Arabidopsis and rice putative osmotins reinforces its roles during stress response.

Transcriptome analysis of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruits under osmotic stresses and identification of genes related to ascorbic acid pathway.

Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) is an economically important fruit with a high demand owing to its good taste and medicinal properties. However, its cultivation is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants exhibit several intrinsic mechanisms to deal with stresses. In the case of strawberry, the mechanisms highlighting the response against these stresses remain to be elucidated, which has hampered the efforts to develop and cultivate strawberry plants with high yield and quality. Although a virtual reference genome of F. ananassa has recently been published, there is still a lack of information on the expression of genes in response to various stresses. Therefore, to provide molecular information for further studies with strawberry plants, we present the reference transcriptome dataset of F. ananassa, assembled and annotated from deep RNA-Seq data of fruits cultivated under salinity and drought stresses. We also systematically arranged a series of transcripts differentially expressed during these stresses, with an emphasis on genes related to the accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA). Ascorbic acid is the most potent antioxidant present in these fruits and highly considered during biofortification. A comparison of the expression profile of these genes by RT-qPCR with the content of AsA in the fruits verified a tight regulation and balance between the expression of genes, from biosynthesis, degradation and recycling pathways, resulting in the reduced content of AsA in fruits under these stresses. These results provide a useful repertoire of genes for metabolic engineering, thereby improving the tolerance to stresses.

microRNAs in Macrobrachium olfersii embryos: Identification, their biogenesis components and potential targets.

In embryonic development, microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the complex gene expression associated with the complexity of embryogenesis. Today, few studies have been conducted on the identification of miRNAs and components of miRNA biogenesis on embryonic development in crustaceans, especially in prawns. In this context, the aim of this study was to identify in silico components of miRNA biogenesis, and miRNAs and potential target genes during embryonic development in the prawn Macrobrachium olfersii through small RNAs and transcriptome analyses. Using the miRDeep2 program, we identified 17 miRNA precursors in M. olfersii, which seven (miR-9, miR-10, miR-92, miR-125, miR-305, miR-1175, and miR-2788) were reported in the miRBase database, indicating high evolutionary conservation of these sequences among animals. The other 10 miRNAs of M. olfersii were novel miRNAs and only similar to Macrobrachium niponnense miRNAs, indicating genus-specific miRNAs. In addition, eight key components of miRNA biogenesis (DROSHA, PASHA/DGCR8, XPO5, RAN, DICER, TRBP2, AGO, and PIWI) were identified in M. olfersii embryos unigenes. In the annotation of miRNA targets, 516 genes were similar to known sequences in the GenBank database. Regarding the conserved miRNAs, we verified that they were differentially expressed during embryonic development in M. olfersii. In conclusion, this is the first study that identifies conserved and novel miRNAs in the prawn M. olfersii with some miRNA target genes involved in embryonic development. Our results will allow further studies on the function of these miRNAs and miRNA biogenesis components during embryonic development in M. olfersii and other prawns of commercial interest.

Development, characterization, and transferability of SSR markers for Vriesea carinata (Bromeliaceae) based on RNA sequencing.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were isolated for Vriesea carinata, an endemic bromeliad from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. These SSR loci may be used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of this species and related bromeliads. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on the transcriptome data of V. carinata, 30 primer pairs were designed and selected for initial validation. Of these primer pairs, 16 generated suitable SSR loci in 69 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 13; the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.935, respectively. All loci produced heterologous amplification. Transferability of the loci was tested in 15 species belonging to three Bromeliaceae subfamilies. CONCLUSIONS: The developed EST-SSR markers revealed polymorphism in the four studied populations and could be useful to investigate the genetic diversity of V. carinata and related species. The markers may also be suitable for novel gene annotation and discovery.

Molecular and genetic characterization of the Ryadg locus on chromosome XI from Andigena potatoes conferring extreme resistance to potato virus Y.

KEY MESSAGE: We have elucidated the Andigena origin of the potato Ryadg gene on chromosome XI of CIP breeding lines and developed two marker assays to facilitate its introgression in potato by marker-assisted selection. Potato virus Y (PVY) is causing yield and quality losses forcing farmers to renew periodically their seeds from clean stocks. Two loci for extreme resistance to PVY, one on chromosome XI and the other on XII, have been identified and used in breeding. The latter corresponds to a well-known source of resistance (Solanum stoloniferum), whereas the one on chromosome XI was reported from S. stoloniferum and S. tuberosum group Andigena as well. To elucidate its taxonomic origin in our breeding lines, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of tightly linked markers (M45, M6) and screened 251 landraces of S. tuberosum group Andigena for the presence of this gene. Our results indicate that the PVY resistance allele on chromosome XI in our breeding lines originated from S. tuberosum group Andigena. We have developed two marker assays to accelerate the introgression of Ryadg gene into breeding lines by marker-assisted selection (MAS). First, we have multiplexed RYSC3, M6 and M45 DNA markers flanking the Ryadg gene and validated it on potato varieties with known presence/absence of the Ryadg gene and a progeny of 6,521 individuals. Secondly, we developed an allele-dosage assay particularly useful to identify multiplex Ryadg progenitors. The assay based on high-resolution melting analysis at the M6 marker confirmed Ryadg plex level as nulliplex, simplex and duplex progenitors and few triplex progenies. These marker assays have been validated and can be used to facilitate MAS in potato breeding.

Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of Plinia trunciflora

Abstract Plinia trunciflora is a Brazilian native fruit tree from the Myrtaceae family, also known as jaboticaba. This species has great potential by its fruit production. Due to the high content of essential oils in their leaves and of anthocyanins in the fruits, there is also an increasing interest by the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, there are few studies focusing on its molecular biology and genetic characterization. We herein report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. trunciflora using high-throughput sequencing and compare it to other previously sequenced Myrtaceae genomes. The cp genome of P. trunciflora is 159,512 bp in size, comprising inverted repeats of 26,414 bp and single-copy regions of 88,097 bp (LSC) and 18,587 bp (SSC). The genome contains 111 single-copy genes (77 protein-coding, 30 tRNA and four rRNA genes). Phylogenetic analysis using 57 cp protein-coding genes demonstrated that P. trunciflora, Eugenia uniflora and Acca sellowiana form a cluster with closer relationship to Syzygium cumini than with Eucalyptus. The complete cp sequence reported here can be used in evolutionary and population genetics studies, contributing to resolve the complex taxonomy of this species and fill the gap in genetic characterization.

Complete sequence and comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome of Plinia trunciflora.

Plinia trunciflora is a Brazilian native fruit tree from the Myrtaceae family, also known as jaboticaba. This species has great potential by its fruit production. Due to the high content of essential oils in their leaves and of anthocyanins in the fruits, there is also an increasing interest by the pharmaceutical industry. Nevertheless, there are few studies focusing on its molecular biology and genetic characterization. We herein report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. trunciflora using high-throughput sequencing and compare it to other previously sequenced Myrtaceae genomes. The cp genome of P. trunciflora is 159,512 bp in size, comprising inverted repeats of 26,414 bp and single-copy regions of 88,097 bp (LSC) and 18,587 bp (SSC). The genome contains 111 single-copy genes (77 protein-coding, 30 tRNA and four rRNA genes). Phylogenetic analysis using 57 cp protein-coding genes demonstrated that P. trunciflora, Eugenia uniflora and Acca sellowiana form a cluster with closer relationship to Syzygium cumini than with Eucalyptus. The complete cp sequence reported here can be used in evolutionary and population genetics studies, contributing to resolve the complex taxonomy of this species and fill the gap in genetic characterization.