RESUMO
Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is a rare condition with limited literature available. We present a case of a 31-year-old female patient with a history of opioid drug use who presented with septic arthritis of the left SCJ. The patient exhibited chest wall pain; imaging revealed septic arthritis with an associated retrosternal abscess. Treatment with antibiotics alone resulted in the resolution of the abscess, highlighting the potential for medical management without surgical intervention. This case report and literature review emphasizes the importance of considering septic arthritis in patients with vague chest pain, particularly those with a history of intravenous drug use, and raise awareness about the complications associated with opioid use.
RESUMO
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) which can lead to severe disability. Several diseases can mimic the clinical manifestations of MS. This can often lead to a prolonged period that involves numerous tests and investigations before a definitive diagnosis is reached. As well as the possibility of misdiagnosis. Molecular biomarkers can play a unique role in this regard. Molecular biomarkers offer a unique view into the CNS disorders. They help us understand the pathophysiology of disease as well as guiding our diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic approaches in CNS disorders. This review highlights the most prominent molecular biomarkers found in the literature with respect to MS and its related disorders. Based on numerous recent clinical and experimental studies, we demonstrate that several molecular biomarkers could very well aid us in differentiating MS from its related disorders. The implications of this work will hopefully serve clinicians and researchers alike, who regularly deal with MS and its related disorders.