RESUMO
Objective: Atrophic rhinitis (AR) is a rare clinical condition affecting the nasal mucosa. It is characterized by progressive nasal congestion and thick, bothersome nasal secretions. In this narrative review, pathogenesis, differences between the 2 types of AR, new management modalities, and the impact of management on lifestyle have been highlighted. Materials and Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Saudi Digital Library databases. The articles were investigated to extract information on the pathogenesis, types, new treatment modalities, and the impact of management on lifestyle. Results: AR has primary and secondary types that affect different populations and have specific clinical presentations. Primary AR is common in women and countries with long, warm seasons. Secondary AR is the most common disease in the industrialized world. It is more common among adults who have systemic disease, have undergone extensive nasal surgery, and have experienced nasal trauma. Certain infections, autoimmune disorders, chronic sinusitis, hormonal imbalance, poor nutritional condition, and iron deficiency anemia have been suggested as etiological factors. Conservative treatment is safe, inexpensive, and effective. Hygiene, a well-balanced diet, smoking cessation, and early detection and treatment of nasal pathology can help prevent AR. Some interventions shown to improve quality of life was explained in detail. Conclusions: This paper reviewed published relevant literature on AR related to pathogenesis, types, new treatment modalities, and the impact of treatment on lifestyle, thus, providing a comprehensive view of the management and prevention of AR.
RESUMO
Background: Vitiligo is a common acquired hypopigmentation skin condition defined by an idiopathic, gradual, and restricted loss of melanin pigment from otherwise healthy-looking skin. The present study aims to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of and attitudes toward vitiligo among the general population of Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia. Methods: An observational cross-sectional survey targeting adults of the Jazan region was conducted in 2022. The data were collected using an electronic questionnaire distributed through social media in the region. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS computer program. Knowledge and attitude scores were computed. Results: Most of the respondents (83.7%) had an adequate knowledge level of vitiligo, and almost half of the respondents (46.8%) had a positive attitude toward the disease. The majority of the respondents (84.5%) knew that vitiligo is not contagious. However, the majority of the participants (78.6%) did not know that vitiligo is an autoimmune disease. Most of the respondents (93.1%) do not avoid shaking hands with a vitiligo patient to prevent infection, accept food prepared by a vitiligo patient (69.4%), accept sharing a plate with a vitiligo patient (73.6%), and accept to be helped by a vitiligo patient (86.7%). However, about half of the participants (50.4%) refused to marry a person diagnosed with vitiligo. The knowledge of vitiligo in the study population was not correlated with any of the demographic characters, such as age, gender, education, or occupation (p > 0.05). The most important factors associated with good attitudes were male gender (COR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.92−2.84; p = 0.001) and being aged over 50 years (COR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.53−6.13; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The population in Jazan had a good level of knowledge of vitiligo and a positive attitude toward patients with vitiligo. Social media is the source of information for vitiligo for the majority of the study population. The good attitude toward patients with vitiligo was more prevalent in males and older people. More efforts are needed to improve the knowledge of and attitudes toward vitiligo.
