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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39263731

RESUMO

Background: Sphaerirostris picae is a parasitic species known for its ability to infect and transmit between hosts in the gastrointestinal tracts of wild avian species. However, there is limited information on its presence and impact on urban avian populations, particularly in China. Materials and Methods: In this study, morphological observations were conducted to detect the presence of Sphaerirostris sp. within the intestinal tract of the Oriental Magpie (Pica serica) collected in Beijing, China. Further confirmation of the parasite's identity was achieved through phylogenetic analysis using COX1 gene sequencing to compare with previously documented Sphaerirostris picae isolates. Results: The morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the presence of Sphaerirostris picae in the Oriental Magpie. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship with known Sphaerirostris picae isolates. This represents the first reported case of Sphaerirostris picae infection in magpies from Beijing, China. Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential health hazards posed by Sphaerirostris picae to urban avian populations and public health. The study suggests that additional research and surveillance efforts are necessary to better understand the risks associated with this parasite and to develop effective mitigation strategies.

2.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 284: 116849, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39168081

RESUMO

Parasite infection not only triggers the immune response of the host but also potentially affects the reproductive status, thereby influencing the population size. Therefore, understanding the impact of parasite infection on host immune and reproductive systems has long been an important issue in ecological research. To address this, we conducted field surveys (2021-2023) to investigate Capillaria hepatica infection status in Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) and performed controlled experiments in semi-natural enclosures and indoor laboratories. The results showed a negative correlation between the population size of Brandt's vole and the infection rate. To further explore the regulatory mechanisms, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed on the infected BALB/c mice. The study found that post-infection with Capillaria hepatica, up-regulated genes and proteins in the mice liver were primarily associated with immune functions, while down-regulated genes and proteins were related to metabolic functions such as retinol metabolism. Through validation experiments supplementing retinol to the host infected with Capillaria hepatica, it was found that infection with Capillaria hepatica leads to a decrease in systemic available retinol levels, disrupting the expression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormones, affecting the expression of CYP17A1, thereby regulating testosterone secretion related to spermatogenesis. This process results in abnormal spermatogenesis in the testes, thereby impacting the reproductive capacity of mice. This suggests that Capillaria hepatica regulates resource allocation in hosts, striking a "trade-off" between reproduction and survival, thereby exerting control over population size. These discoveries are crucial for comprehending the interaction between Capillaria hepatica and hosts, as well as their impacts on host reproduction and immune systems, and provide a scientific basis for controlling the transmission of Capillaria hepatica.


Assuntos
Arvicolinae , Capillaria , Infecções por Enoplida , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Animais , Arvicolinae/fisiologia , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Camundongos , Masculino , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Fígado/parasitologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Feminino , Densidade Demográfica , Reprodução
3.
Mol Carcinog ; 2024 Aug 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39150155

RESUMO

Proliferation is a critical characteristic of the progression of gastric cancer (GC). Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (ROR2), the orphan receptor tyrosine kinase-like receptor, exhibits effects on tumor growth due to its abnormal expression in cancer. The goal of our study was to assess the potential regulatory role exerted by the ROR2 on GC cells. Through previous bioinformatics analysis, we discovered an association between ROR2 and the G2/M phase of the GC cell cycle. However, little is known about the link between ROR2 and the G2/M phase cell cycle in GC. Here, the findings of our study indicate that ROR2, after transcribed expression by Twist1, activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K signal transduction pathway, thus leading to the acceleration of the G2/M phase and subsequent promotion of cell proliferation in GC. Furthermore, the functional link among ROR2, Twist1, and G2/M phase of cell cycle was also confirmed in mouse xenograft tissues and human tissues. ROR2 expression was correlated with Twist expression and lower survival in vivo. Notably, our suggestion is that focusing on ROR2 as a potential therapeutic approach could show potential for the management of GC.

4.
BMC Vet Res ; 20(1): 362, 2024 Aug 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39129003

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is a Gram-positive zoonotic pathogen that frequently leads to illness and death in young horses (foals). This study presents the complete genome sequence of R. equi strain BJ13, which was isolated from a thoroughbred racehorse breeding farm in Beijing, China. RESULTS: The BJ13 genome has a length of 5.30 Mb and consists of a complete chromosome and a plasmid measuring 5.22 Mb and 0.08 Mb, respectively. We predicted 4,929 coding gene open reading frames, along with 52 tRNAs and 12 rRNAs. Through analysis of mobile genetic elements, we identified 6 gene islands and 1 prophage gene. Pathogenic system analysis predicted the presence of 418 virulence factors and 225 drug resistance genes. Secretion system analysis revealed the prediction of 297 secreted proteins and 1,106 transmembrane proteins. BJ13 exhibits genomic features, virulence-associated genes, potential drug resistance, and a virulence plasmid structure that may contribute to the evolution of its pathogenicity. Lastly, the pathogenicity of the isolated strain was assessed through animal experiments, which resulted in inflammatory reactions or damage in the lungs, liver, and spleen of mice. Moreover, by the 7th day post-infection, the mortality rate of the mice reached 50.0%, indicating complex immune regulatory mechanisms, including overexpression of IL-10 and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α. These findings validate the strong pathogenicity of the isolated strain and provide insights for studying the pathogenic mechanisms of Rhodococcus equi infection. CONCLUSIONS: The complete genome sequence of R. equi strain BJ13 provides valuable insights into its genomic characteristics, virulence potential, drug resistance, and secretion systems. The strong pathogenicity observed in animal experiments underscores the need for further investigation into the pathogenic mechanisms of R. equi infection.


Assuntos
Infecções por Actinomycetales , Genoma Bacteriano , Doenças dos Cavalos , Rhodococcus equi , Sequenciamento Completo do Genoma , Rhodococcus equi/patogenicidade , Rhodococcus equi/genética , Animais , Cavalos , Doenças dos Cavalos/microbiologia , Infecções por Actinomycetales/veterinária , Infecções por Actinomycetales/microbiologia , Virulência/genética , Camundongos , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Feminino
5.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 215: 109024, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39133981

RESUMO

Nitric oxide (NO) and S-nitrosothiol (SNO) are signal molecules and the products of nitrogen metabolism. Nitrate (NO3-) is the main nitrogen source, and nitrate transporters (NRTs) are responsible for NO3- absorption or transport. However, the interactive effect between NO3-/NRT and NO/SNO in tree plants remains ambiguous. In the present study, 25 mmol L-1 NO3- and 1 mmol L-1 NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment that was conducted for 24 h enhanced NO/SNO and NO3- metabolism, whereas 2.5 mmol L-1 NO3- and 80 µmol L-1 N6022 (a compound that increases SNO content) treatment reduced them in seedling leaves of Fraxinus mandshurica and Betula platyphylla. Among the nine NRT family members examined, the gene expression level of NRT2.1 had a greater response to NO/SNO and NO3- treatment in the seedling leaves of F. mandshurica and B. platyphylla. Meanwhile, FmNRT2.1 mediated NO and SNO production in seedling leaves of F. mandshurica using Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation. These findings shed light on the reciprocal regulation between NO3- and NO/SNO in seedlings of F. mandshurica and B. platyphylla, and NRT2.1 may act as a key regulatory hub.


Assuntos
Betula , Fraxinus , Nitratos , Óxido Nítrico , Folhas de Planta , Plântula , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/genética , Nitratos/metabolismo , Fraxinus/metabolismo , Fraxinus/genética , Plântula/metabolismo , Plântula/genética , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Betula/metabolismo , Betula/genética , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Ânions/genética , Transportadores de Nitrato
6.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl ; 24: 100957, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39035104

RESUMO

Trichomonas gallinae is a globally distributed protozoan parasite that causes avian trichomoniasis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in birds. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationship of T. gallinae in various bird species in Beijing. A total of 413 oropharyngeal swab samples were collected from domestic pigeons, wild pigeons, and other bird species. The overall prevalence of T. gallinae infection was 32.0% (132/413). The infection was detected in domestic pigeons, wild pigeons, and red-necked turtledoves, but not in other wild birds. Molecular analysis identified two predominant genotypes, A and B, with genotype A found in wild pigeons and genotype B found in domestic pigeons. The present study provides valuable insights on the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. gallinae in Beijing. This can be useful for understanding its pathogen distribution and host range, and the development of strategies for the prevention and control of avian trichomoniasis.

7.
Zool Res ; 45(3): 451-463, 2024 May 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38583936

RESUMO

The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services. While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits. The carrion crow ( Corvus corone), an urban facultative scavenger bird, hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior. Despite this, carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness, a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability. At present, however, the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood. In this study, we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing, China. Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria (75.51%) and Firmicutes (22.37%). Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups, highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows. Subsequently, E. faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection. Results showed that E. faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), prevented S. enterica colonization, and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice, thereby modulating the host's immune regulatory capacity. Therefore, E. faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior, offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.


Assuntos
Corvos , Animais , Camundongos , Enterococcus faecalis , Ecossistema , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Comportamento Alimentar , Aves
8.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids ; 35(1): 102149, 2024 Mar 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38435118

RESUMO

Patients with pre-existing medical conditions are at a heightened risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), SARS-CoV-2, and influenza viruses, which can result in more severe disease progression and increased mortality rates. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism behind this phenomenon remained largely unidentified. Here, we found that microRNA-19a/b (miR-19a/b), which is a constituent of the miR-17-92 cluster, exhibits reduced expression levels in patients with coronary heart disease in comparison to healthy individuals. The downregulation of miR-19a/b has been observed to facilitate the replication of influenza A virus (IAV). miR-19a/b can effectively inhibit IAV replication by targeting and reducing the expression of SOCS1, as observed in cell-based and coronary heart disease mouse models. This mechanism leads to the alleviation of the inhibitory effect of SOCS1 on the interferon (IFN)/JAK/STAT signaling pathway. The results indicate that the IAV employs a unique approach to inhibit the host's type I IFN-mediated antiviral immune responses by decreasing miR-19a/b. These findings provide additional insights into the underlying mechanisms of susceptibility to flu in patients with coronary heart disease. miR-19a/b can be considered as a preventative/therapy strategy for patients with coronary heart disease against influenza virus infection.

9.
Virology ; 593: 110031, 2024 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38401339

RESUMO

Enteromorpha polysaccharides (EPPs) have been reported to have antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. To explore the effect of EPPs on H5N1-infected mice, mice were pretreated with EPPs before being infected with the H5N1 influenza virus intranasally. H5N1 infection resulted in body-weight loss, pulmonary and intestinal damage, and an imbalance of gut microbiota in mice. As a result of the inclusion of EPPs, the body weight of mice recovered and pathological damage to the lung and intestine was reduced. EPPs also diminished inflammation by drastically lowering the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in lungs and intestines. H5N1 infection reduced bacterial diversity, and the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Desulfovibrio increased. However, the beneficial bacteria Alistipes rebounded in the groups which received EPPs before the infection. The modulation of the gut-lung axis may be related to the mechanism of EPPs in antiviral and anti-inflammatory responses. EPPs have shown potential in protecting the host from the influenza A virus infection.


Assuntos
Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Influenza Humana , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Animais , Camundongos , Humanos , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/metabolismo , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/metabolismo , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C
10.
Virol J ; 21(1): 33, 2024 01 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38287375

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Influenza A virus (IAV) can cause severe and life-threatening illness in humans and animals. Therefore, it is important to search for host antiviral proteins and elucidate their antiviral mechanisms for the development of potential treatments. As a part of human innate immunity, host restriction factors can inhibit the replication of viruses, among which SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1 (SAMHD1) can restrict the replication of viruses, such as HIV and enterovirus EV71. Viruses also developed countermeasures in the arms race with their hosts. There are few reports about whether SAMHD1 has a restriction effect on IAV. METHODS: To investigate the impact of IAV infection on SAMHD1 expression in A549 cells, we infected A549 cells with a varying multiplicity of infection (MOI) of IAV and collected cell samples at different time points for WB and RT-qPCR analysis to detect viral protein and SAMHD1 levels. The virus replication level in the cell culture supernatant was determined using TCID50 assay. Luciferase assay was used to reveal that H5N1 virus polymerase acidic protein (PA) affected the activity of the SAMHD1 promoter. To assess the antiviral capacity of SAMHD1, we generated a knockdown and overexpressed cell line for detecting H5N1 replication. RESULTS: In this study, we observed that SAMHD1 can restrict the intracellular replication of H5N1 and that the H5N1 viral protein PA can downregulate the expression of SAMHD1 by affecting SAMHD1 transcriptional promoter activity. We also found that SAMHD1's ability to restrict H5N1 is related to phosphorylation at 592-tyrosine. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, we found that SAMHD1 may affect the replication of IAVs as a host restriction factor and be countered by PA. Furthermore, SAMHD1 may be a potential target for developing antiviral drugs.


Assuntos
Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Vírus da Influenza A , Influenza Humana , Animais , Humanos , Vírus da Influenza A/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Proteína 1 com Domínio SAM e Domínio HD/metabolismo , Replicação Viral , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo , Antivirais/farmacologia , Antivirais/metabolismo , Fator Regulador 3 de Interferon/metabolismo
11.
Nutrients ; 15(15)2023 Jul 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37571299

RESUMO

The impact of lactoferrin, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with iron-binding properties, on the intestinal barrier and microflora of mice infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus remains unclear. To investigate the effects of lactoferrin on the histopathology and intestinal microecological environment, we conducted a study using H5N1-infected mice. H5N1 infection resulted in pulmonary and intestinal damage, as well as an imbalance in gut microbiota, significantly increasing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter. The consumption of lactoferrin in the diet alleviated lung injury and restored the downregulation of the INAVA gene and intestinal dysfunction caused by H5N1 infection. Lactoferrin not only reduced lung and intestinal injury, but also alleviated inflammation and reversed the changes in intestinal microflora composition while increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria. Moreover, lactoferrin rebalanced the gut microbiota and partially restored intestinal homeostasis. This study demonstrated that lactoferrin exerts its effects on the intestinal tract, leading to improvements in gut microbiota and restoration of the integrity of both the intestinal wall and lung tissue. These findings support the notion that lactoferrin may be a promising candidate for systemic treatment of influenza by locally acting on the intestine and microbiota.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1 , Enteropatias , Animais , Camundongos , Lactoferrina/farmacologia , Virus da Influenza A Subtipo H5N1/fisiologia , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/patologia , Intestinos/microbiologia , Bactérias/genética , Enteropatias/patologia
12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37562241

RESUMO

Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite that is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, and infects captive and wild bird species throughout the world. Although metronidazole has been the drug of choice against trichomoniasis for decades, most Trichomonas gallinae strains have developed resistance. Therefore, drugs with new modes of action or targets are urgently needed. Here, we report the development and application of a cell-based CCK-8 method for the high-throughput screening and identification of new inhibitors of Trichomonas gallinae as a beginning point for the development of new treatments for trichomoniasis. We performed the high-throughput screening of 173 anti-parasitic compounds, and found 16 compounds that were potentially effective against Trichomonas gallinae. By measuring the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) and median cytotoxic concentration (CC50), we identified 3 potentially safe and effective compounds against Trichomonas gallinae: anisomycin, fumagillin, and MG132. In conclusion, this research successfully established a high-throughput screening method for compounds and identified 3 new safe and effective compounds against Trichomonas gallinae, providing a new treatment scheme for trichomoniasis.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Tricomoníase , Trichomonas , Animais , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Doenças das Aves/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Tricomoníase/tratamento farmacológico , Tricomoníase/veterinária , Tricomoníase/parasitologia , Metronidazol/uso terapêutico
13.
Pathogens ; 12(8)2023 Aug 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37623968

RESUMO

Trichomonas gallinae (T. gallinae) is an infectious parasite that is prevalent worldwide in poultry and can cause death in both poultry and wild birds. Although studies have shown that T. gallinae damages host cells through direct contact, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that T. gallinae can kill host cells by ingesting fragments of the host cells, that is, by trogocytosis. Moreover, we found that the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64D prevented T. gallinae from destroying host cells. To the best of our knowledge, our study has demonstrated for the first time that T. gallinae uses trogocytosis to kill host cells. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for the prevention and control of avian trichomoniasis and will contribute to the development of vaccines and drugs for the prevention and control of avian trichomoniasis.

14.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1152899, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37559719

RESUMO

Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly pathogenic to humans and has caused the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Vaccines are one of the efficient ways to prevent the viral infection. After COVID-19 vaccination, the monitoring of the dynamic change in neutralizing antibodies is necessary to determine booster requirements. Methods: We estimated the effectiveness of the inactivated vaccines by monitoring dynamic SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies for over 2 years. Additionally, we also investigated the activation of T lymphocytes (CD3+ T cells) after three doses of the inactivated vaccine. Result: The results showed that the rate of reduction of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody levels gradually showed after each booster dose. The IgG/IgM level at 9 months after the third vaccination were significantly higher than those at 6 months after the second dose (p<0.0001). The expression of CD25+T cell in 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that in the other groups. Nine months after the third dose (the time of last blood sample collection), the expression of CD25+T cell in the 18-35 age group was significantly higher than that at 6 months after the second dose. CD25+T cell in the 18-35 years old group was significantly higher than 6 months after the second vaccination. Conclusion: CD25, a late activation marker of lymphocytes and high-activity memory T cell subgroup, exhibited higher levels at the later stages after vaccination. COVID-19 booster vaccination in older adults and regular testing of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies are recommended. Booster doses should be administered if the antibody level falls below the 30% inhibition rate.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Idoso , Lactente , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Vacinas contra COVID-19/efeitos adversos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados/efeitos adversos
15.
Virus Genes ; 59(4): 604-612, 2023 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37266848

RESUMO

H11N9 viruses in wild birds might have provided the NA gene of human H7N9 virus in early 2013 in China, which evolved with highly pathogenic strains in 2017 and caused severe fatalities. To investigate the prevalence and evolution of the H11N9 influenza viruses, 16,781 samples were collected and analyzed during 2016-2020. As a result, a novel strain of influenza A (H11N9) virus with several characteristics that increase virulence was isolated. This strain had reduced pathogenicity in chicken and mice and was able to replicate in mice without prior adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses showed that it was a sextuple-reassortant virus of H11N9, H3N8, H3N6, H7N9, H9N2, and H6N8 viruses present in China, similar to the H11N9 strains in Japan and Korea during the same period. This was the H11N9 strain isolated from China most recently, which add a record to viruses in wild birds. This study identified a new H11N9 reassortant in a wild bird with key mutation contributing to virulence. Therefore, comprehensive surveillance and enhanced biosecurity precautions are particularly important for the prediction and prevention of potential pandemics resulting from reassortant viruses with continuous evolution and expanding geographic distributions.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N8 , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H9N2 , Influenza Aviária , Animais , Camundongos , Humanos , Patos , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H9N2/genética , Filogenia , Animais Selvagens , Galinhas , Vírus Reordenados/genética
16.
Integr Zool ; 18(6): 963-980, 2023 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37202360

RESUMO

Under the background of global species extinction, the impact of epidemic diseases on wild animal protection is increasingly prominent. Here, we review and synthesize the literature on this topic, and discuss the relationship between diseases and biodiversity. Diseases usually reduce species diversity by decreasing or extinction of species populations, but also accelerate species evolution and promote species diversity. At the same time, species diversity can regulate disease outbreaks through dilution or amplification effects. The synergistic effect of human activities and global change is emphasized, which further aggravates the complex relationship between biodiversity and diseases. Finally, we emphasize the importance of active surveillance of wild animal diseases, which can protect wild animals from potential diseases, maintain population size and genetic variation, and reduce the damage of diseases to the balance of the whole ecosystem and human health. Therefore, we suggest that a background survey of wild animal populations and their pathogens should be carried out to assess the impact of potential outbreaks on the population or species level. The mechanism of dilution and amplification effect between species diversity and diseases of wild animals should be further studied to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for human intervention measures to change biodiversity. Most importantly, we should closely combine the protection of wild animals with the establishment of an active surveillance, prevention, and control system for wild animal epidemics, in an effort to achieve a win-win situation between wild animal protection and disease control.


Assuntos
Animais Selvagens , Ecossistema , Humanos , Animais , Biodiversidade , Extinção Biológica , Surtos de Doenças
17.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 25(10): 2772-2782, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37095423

RESUMO

The mechanism of deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2 (DLEU2)-long non-coding RNA in tumors has become a major point of interest in recent research related to the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. Recent studies have shown that the long non-coding RNA DLEU2 (lncRNA-DLEU2) can cause abnormal gene or protein expression by acting on downstream targets in cancers. At present, most lncRNA-DLEU2 play the role of oncogenes in different tumors, which are mostly associated with tumor characteristics, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The data thus far show that because lncRNA-DLEU2 plays an important role in most tumors, targeting abnormal lncRNA-DLEU2 may be an effective treatment strategy for early diagnosis and improving the prognosis of patients. In this review, we integrated lncRNA-DLEU2 expression in tumors, its biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and the utility of DLEU2 as an effective diagnostic and prognostic marker of tumors. This study aimed to provide a potential direction for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors using lncRNA-DLEU2 as a biomarker and therapeutic target.


Assuntos
Leucemia Linfoide , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Humanos , Biomarcadores , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Leucemia Linfoide/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo
18.
Animals (Basel) ; 13(8)2023 Apr 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37106853

RESUMO

The abundance and prevalence of parasitic infection often vary in different host sexes, and this phenomenon has been named sex-biased parasitism. Brandt's voles are the dominant rodent species in typical steppe habitat and are widely distributed in Inner Mongolia, China, but the prevalence of parasites in Brandt's voles are poorly reported. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of six intestinal parasites in Brandt's voles in May, June, July, and August 2022 around the Xilingol Grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. The results showed that Syphacia obvelata, Aspiculuris tetraptera, and Trichostrongylidae family were the dominant intestinal parasites in Brandt's voles that we captured in this study, and the infection rates of the three parasites were significantly higher in males than females, which showed obvious male-biased parasitism. Season and human activities such as grazing had no significant effect on the infection rates for different parasites, while the parasite reproduction level was higher when the ambient temperature was around 18 °C. Sexual size dimorphism was ubiquitous in Brandt's voles, and it was mainly manifested by the differences in body weight and length between males and females. Simple linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between bodyweight and parasite infection rates, so the sex-biased parasitism in Brandt's voles could be explained by the body size hypothesis, as a larger body could provide more ecological niches for parasitic infection.

19.
Front Microbiol ; 14: 1136845, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36910168

RESUMO

Gut microbiota not only helps the hosts to perform many key physiological functions such as food digestion, energy harvesting and immune regulation, but also influences host ecology and facilitates adaptation of the host to extreme environments. Plateau zokors epitomize successful physiological adaptation to their living environment in the face of the harsh environment characterized by low temperature, low pressure and hypoxia in the Tibetan plateau region and high concentrations of CO2 in their burrows. Therefore, here we used a metagenomic sequencing approach to explore how gut microbiota contributed to the adaptive evolution of the plateau zokor on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our metagenomic results show that the gut microbiota of plateau zokors on the Tibetan plateau is not only enriched in a large number of species related to energy metabolism and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but also significantly enriched the KO terms that involve carbohydrate uptake pathways, which well address energy uptake in plateau zokors while also reducing inflammatory responses due to low pressure, hypoxia and high CO2 concentrations. There was also a significant enrichment of tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII) associated with antigen processing, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and cell division, which may facilitate the immune response and tissue damage repair in plateau zokors under extreme conditions. These results suggest that these gut microbiota and their metabolites together contribute to the physiological adaptation of plateau zokors, providing new insights into the contribution of the microbiome to the evolution of mammalian adaptation.

20.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(6)2023 Mar 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36982803

RESUMO

Female mice can discriminate the urinary odors of male mice due to their olfactory acuity. Parasitic infection or subclinical infection can decrease the odor attractiveness of male mice and finally lead to aversion or avoidance responses in odor selection for female mice. Trichinella spiralis is a kind of tissue-parasitizing nematode that causes trichinellosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease that spreads throughout the world. However, the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection was not fully revealed. In this study, we explored the effect of Trichinella spiralis infection on the reproductive capacity in ICR/CD-1 male mice. We identified eight volatile compounds in urine by GC-MS analysis, and the results indicated that the contents of dimethyl sulfone, Z-7-tetradecen-1-ol, 6-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone and (S)-2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole were significantly downregulated after parasitic infection, which might lead to the reduction of attractiveness of male mice urine to females. On the other hand, parasitic infection decreased sperm quality and downregulated the expression levels of Herc4, Ipo11, and Mrto4, and these genes were strongly related to spermatogenesis. In summary, this study revealed that the reproductive injury caused by Trichinella spiralis infection in ICR/CD-1 male mice could be associated with a decrease in urine pheromone content and sperm quality.


Assuntos
Trichinella spiralis , Triquinelose , Masculino , Feminino , Camundongos , Animais , Trichinella spiralis/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Feromônios , Sêmen , Triquinelose/parasitologia , Zoonoses , Espermatozoides
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