Aromatic monoterpenoid glycosides from Cruciata taurica.

Two new aromatic monoterpenoid glycosides, cruciaside A (2,5-O-beta-D-diglucopyranosyl-3-hydroxy-p-cymene) (1) and cruciaside B (5-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2,3-dihydroxy-p-cymene) (2), were isolated from aerial parts of Cruciata taurica. The structures of the new compounds were determined by spectral and chemical methods. The new compounds seem to be promising as taxonomic markers for C. taurica.

Crinum L. (Amaryllidaceae).

Alkaloids isolated from Crinum species have been reviewed for the period 1985-2000. Non-nitrogenous compounds have been surveyed for the first time. Botanical classification and biological activity are discussed. Spectral data literature sources are listed.

Non-destructive NIR-FT-Raman analyses in practice. Part I. Analyses of plants and historic textiles.

Non-destructive analysis of natural substances in plants as well as of old dyed textiles by Raman spectroscopy has not been possible using conventional techniques. Exciting lines from the visible part of the spectrum produced photochemical and thermal decomposition of the objects as well as strong fluorescence. Using Nd:YAG laser excitation at 1,064 nm together with a special sample arrangement and interferometric recording, various polyacetylenes in Aethusa cynapium and in chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) and the main valuable substances in gentian species (Gentiana lutea and G. punctata), curcuma roots (Curcuma longa), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus), and ginger (Zingiber officinale) were analyzed non-destructively and discussed in comparison with the corresponding pure standard compounds. We further analyzed non-destructively the FT Raman spectra of collections of historical textiles and lakes used for dyeing. It is possible to distinguish the main dye component non-destructively by using Raman bands.

Iridoid and phenylethanoid glycosides from Phlomis longifolia var. longifolia.

From the aerial parts of Phlomis longifolia var. longifolia four iridoid glucosides, shanzhiside methyl ester (1), 5-deoxypulchelloside I (2), lamalbide (3), phlomiol (4) and three phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside (5), forsythoside B (6), leucosceptoside A (7) along with the caffeic acid ester, chlorogenic acid (8) were isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic (UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR, FABMS) and chemical evidence. The structure elucidation of the iridoid compounds 2 and 3 are discussed in detail.

Triterpene saponins and iridoid glucosides from galium rivale.

Three new glycosides of the oleanene-type triterpenes, rivalosides C-E (1-3), along with three known triterpene saponins, momordin IIb (4) and rivalosides A-B (5-6), and five known iridoid glucosides: monotropein, scandoside, deacetylasperulosidic acid, geniposidic acid and asperulosidic acid, were isolated from aerial parts of Galium rivale. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral methods and chemical means as 2alpha-acetoxy-3alpha, 19alpha-dihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1--> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 2alpha,3alpha, 19alpha-trihydroxy-olean- 12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-24-hydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, for rivalosides C-E, respectively. The taxonomic significance of the rivalosides in G. rivale was discussed.

Rivalosides A and B, two 19-Oxo triterpenoid saponins from Galium rivale.

Two new oleanene-type triterpene glycosides, rivaloside A (2alpha-acetoxy-3alpha-hydroxy-19-oxo-olean-12-en-28-o ic acid 28-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (1) and rivaloside B (2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxy-19-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (2), were isolated from aerial parts of Galium rivale. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical transformations. Under alkaline or acid hydrolysis, rivalosides A and B undergo allylic rearrangement with migration of the double bond. These compounds are the first representatives of 19-oxo substituted oleanenes, and they seem to be promising as taxonomic markers for G. rivale.

Iridoid glucosides from Phlomis tuberosa L. and Phlomis herba-ventis L.

A new iridoid glucoside, 5-desoxysesamoside, was isolated from Phlomis tuberosa L. (Lamiaceae) together with three known iridoid glucosides sesamoside, shanziside methyl ester and lamalbid. Lamiide was found in P. herba-ventis ssp. pungens in high concentrations.

Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of valepotriates using isobutane as reactant gas.

A series of known valepotriates isolated from some VALERIANA species and their transformation products have been studied by CIMS (isobutane). The compounds have been characterized by molecular and protonated molecular ions and some typical fragments. Some information about the location of the acyloxy substituents, especially as regards monoene valepotriates, has been obtained.

Mass spectrometry of valepotriates.

The mass spectrometry of eight valepotriates and their derivatives has been investigated. Mass spectral fragmentation schemes have been proposed as well as the use of this fragmentation for structural elucidation. Structures of two valepotriates, acevaltrate and homoacevaltrate, have been clarified.