Analysis of Plant Origin Antibiotics against Oral Bacterial Infections Using In Vitro and In Silico Techniques and Characterization of Active Constituents.

The pervasiveness of oral bacterial infections in diabetic patients is a serious health concern that may produce severe complications. We investigated 26 Ayurvedic medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of the oral bacterial infections with the aim to look for new promising drug leads that can be further employed for herbal formulation design. The plants were grouped into three categories based on traditional usage. All plant extracts were examined for antibacterial, antibiofilm and antiquorum-sensing properties. The plants with significant activities including Juglans regia, Syzygium aromaticum, Eruca sativa, Myristica fragrans, Punica granatum and Azadirachta indica were further analyzed using HPLC-DAD-QToF and GC-MS. In silico and in vitro activity was evaluated for selected constituents. Finally, it could be concluded that eugenol and 2-phenylethylisothiocyanate are major contributors towards inhibition of bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing.

Production of peptide antibiotics by Bacillus sp: GU 057 indigenously isolated from saline soil

A total of 112 soil samples were taken from differents areas of district D.I.Khan and Kohat (KPK) Pakistan and screened for production of antibiotics against the Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus. Widest zone of inhibition (18mm) was produced by microorganism isolated from saline soil. The strain was later identified as Bacillus GU057 by standard biochemical assays. Maximum activity (18mm inhibition zone) was observed against Staphylococcus aureus after 48 hours of incubation at pH 8 and 4% concentration of glucose. The antibiotic was identified by autobiography as bacitracin. The Bacillus strain GU057 was confirmed as good peptide antibiotic producer and can effectively be indulged as biocontrol agent.

Production of peptide antibiotics by Bacillus sp. GU 057 indigenously isolated from saline soil.

A total of 112 soil samples were taken from differents areas of district D.I.Khan and Kohat (KPK) Pakistan and screened for production of antibiotics against the Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus. Widest zone of inhibition (18mm) was produced by microorganism isolated from saline soil. The strain was later identified as Bacillus GU057 by standard biochemical assays. Maximum activity (18mm inhibition zone) was observed against Staphylococcus aureus after 48 hours of incubation at pH 8 and 4% concentration of glucose. The antibiotic was identified by autobiography as bacitracin. The Bacillus strain GU057 was confirmed as good peptide antibiotic producer and can effectively be indulged as biocontrol agent.

Review of prescriber approach towards rational drug practice in hospitalised patients.

BACKGROUND: The rational drug prescribing practice is an important health concern around the globe that not only interferes patient's life but also the socioeconomic issues. OBJECTIVE: The aim of current study was to evaluate the rational use of drug, prescribing behaviour of consultant physicians, role of medical team members in irrational therapy and form the basis for providing necessary information to the policy makers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted involving a set of 340 medication orders containing about 1,755 medications prescribed to patients in DHQ Teaching Hospital DI Khan, Pakistan from March to July 2009. The WHO operational package for monitoring and assessing country pharmaceutical situations indicators were used for data collection. RESULTS: Among drugs prescribed per average encounter, 75% were dispensed from hospital pharmacy. Generally about 22.3% encounters of overdosing, 16.16% drug duplication, 24.25% drug-drug interactions, 3.5% adverse drug effects and 3.8% cases of contraindications were recorded. The proportion of consultations with antibiotics and injectables prescribed was 80% and 57% respectively. Likewise not less than 70% patients were prescribed NSAIDS, 67% steroids, 55% vitamin supplements, and 34% oral re-hydration solutions. Minimum 5 drugs per prescription were recorded and 70% of prescriptions were reported with high cost of therapy. CONCLUSION: The drug practice among hospitalised patients was clearly irrational accompanied by high levels of medication error. An accurate prescribing decision, appropriate treatment, and rational use of drugs are major needs of the day to ensure safe medication practice.