In vitro study of the antioxidant, sun factor protection, antimicrobial, and antifungal activities with molecular docking of methanolic extracts from leaves and fruit of Phillyrea angustifolia L.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Phillyrea angustifolia L leaves and fruits from Algeria. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, sun protection factor, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities such as DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and o-phenanthroline reduction were determined. The findings of the comparative analysis revealed that the leaves contained higher levels of total phenolic content (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) compared to the fruit, indicating their maximum antioxidant potential. TPC values for leaves ranged from 528.411 ± 9.94 to 816.352 ± 5.09 µg EAG/mg of dry extract, while for fruits, it ranged from 378.215 ± 5.26 to 579.392 ± 14.2 µg EAG/mg extract/ml. Similarly, TFC values for leaves varied from 65.833 ± 9.42 to 147.986 ± 5.59 µg EAG/mg of dry extract, and for fruits, it ranged from 45.486 ± 5.00 to 90.208 ± 6.77 µg EAG/mg extract/ml. Moreover, both leaves and fruit extracts showed significant growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, with the highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Escherichia coli. The sun protection factor (SPF) values of both leaves and fruits extracts are close to the values of standard sunscreen VICHY. In addition, molecular docking studies identified promising compounds, including Demethyloleuropein, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Apigenin 7-Glucoside, Oleuropein, Pinoresinol, and Syringaresinol monoglucopyranoside of leaves from P. angustifolia L, these compounds are showing a better binding affinity than native ligands against Rhomboid protease GlpG from E. coli, the same thing about luteolin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin 7-glucoside exhibited similar binding free energy values to the target protein S. aureus sortase A. The study suggests that leaves and fruits of Phillyrea angustifolia L could be valuable sources for developing drugs against pathogenic oral yeasts, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03877-5.

Mineral Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, Antibacterial, Anti-Urease and Anti-α-Amylase Activities of the Unripe Fruit Extracts of Pistacia atlantica.

Pistacia Atlantica in folk medicine is used by Algerian traditional healers for treating a wide variety of diseases and conditions including dyspepsia, digestive problems, peptic ulcers, and, in particular, inflammatory diseases. The present study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity (using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS+, and reducing power methods), enzyme inhibitory activity (towards α-amylase and urease), antibacterial activity, and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica collected from different parts of the Djelfa region of Algeria. According to the findings, various aqueous extracts exhibited significant antioxidant and enzymatic activities in all tests, but showed that they have a weak inhibitory effect against all tested bacterial strains. Twenty-one minerals comprising both macro- and microelements (Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, Sr, Th, U, and Zn) were determined using the technique of neutron activation analysis (INAA). The result indicates that the concentration of the mineral element is close to the minimal FAO recommendation. In addition, the result revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities. The data generated can be a valuable source of information for the pharmaceutical industry and medical research. These results suggest that the unripe fruit extracts of Pistacia atlantica have an appropriate potential to be utilized across a wide range of contexts as an agent with multifunctional uses, as well as a natural remedy for other physiological diseases.

Total Tocopherols, Carotenoids, and Fatty Acids Content Variation of Pistacia atlantica from Different Organs' Crude Oils and Their Antioxidant Activity during Development Stages.

The current study investigated the effect of developmental stages on the chemical composition and the antioxidant activity of fifteen crude oil samples obtained from Pistacia atlantica Desf. leaves, galls, and fruits. Twelve fatty acids were detected by GC/FID, linolenic acid (C18 : 3) was the major fatty acid detected in leaves crude oils that registered [41.73 % (P<0.05)] on the last stage. The best content of tocopherols and carotenoids was recorded at the last stage for leaves and galls oils, respectively, with values of [1.530±0.01, 0.52±0.01 (P<0.05) mg α-tocopherol equivalent/g DW] and [86.60±0.95, 69.15±0.13 (P<0.05) µg ß-carotene equivalent/g DW]. For fruits oils, the content varied depending on the levels of fruits maturation. The results from DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays revealed that the antioxidant activity increased with the increasing content of tocopherols and carotenoids in leaves and galls oils during development stages, and varied for fruits oils depending on the ripening stages. Moreover, according to PCA analysis, the best phytoconstituent content and antioxidant activity were attributed to P. atlantica Desf. fruit's crude oils. Also, a strong relationship was found between the antioxidant activity and bioactive phytochemical components, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and omega-three fatty acid, which confirmed that P. atlantica Desf. crude oils present a valuable source of natural antioxidant that could be used for pharmaceutical and food industries purposes.

Effect of Seasonal and Regional Variations on Phenolic Compounds of Deverra scoparia (Flowers/Seeds) Methanolic Extract and the Evaluation of Its in Vitro Antioxidant Activity.

The widespread use of Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu in Algerian folk-medicine as a remedy can be relatively attributed to its total phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to provide a scientific basis for optimal collection and usage of Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu plant. Hence, 37 samples were gathered from nine sites in Algeria during two seasons 2016 and 2017, then exposed to a green extraction. Total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid (FC) and condensed tannins (CTC) content were estimated spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was measured using five different methods, DPPH. , ABTS.+ , FRAP, CUPRAC and Fe2+ -chelating. The results have revealed considerable amounts of TPC varied from 804 to 1544 mg GAE/100 g dry matter, FC started from 187 up to 410 mg QE/100 g dry matter and CTC varied from 111 to 394 mg CE/100 g dry matter. The best IC50 values (µg/mL) of DPPH. , ABTS•+ , FRAP, CUPRAC and Fe2+ -chelating tests were 56.62, 5.41, 21.26, 52.93 and 78.10, respectively. Moreover, high correlations were found between CTC and most of the antioxidant tests. Hence, CTC are suggested to be the principal group of antioxidant activity in Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu extracts.