Characterising Parent-Appeal Marketing on Foods for Children: A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This scoping review examines current evidence on parent-appeal marketing on the front-of-pack of food products for children and the impacts on parents' perceptions, intentions, and behaviours. RECENT FINDINGS: Thirteen relevant studies were identified. Marketing features on packages of foods for children that appealed to parents include health claims, nutrition claims, non-nutrient claims such as 'natural', healthy-looking product images, images of healthy ingredients, and celebrity endorsements. At the same time, parents were wary of front-of-pack marketing and find it confusing, deceptive, and misleading. Child-appeal marketing features such as cartoon characters and bright colours gave parents the perception that products were unhealthy. Overall, this scoping review offers important insights into the types of front-of-pack marketing that appeal to parents and offers an inventory of parent-appeal marketing features. These findings support the design and implementation of policies that aim to reduce commercial influences on children's diets through stronger regulation of marketing of foods for children.

Biopsychosocial determinants of physical activity and healthy eating for people with disability living in supported accommodation: A systematic review of qualitative research.

BACKGROUND: People with disability living in supported accommodation experience ongoing health disparities. Physical activity and dietary quality are factors that may minimise the risk of chronic disease, however this population may experience a range of biopsychosocial barriers to physical activity and healthy eating. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to synthesise the biopsychosocial determinants of physical activity and healthy eating for people with disability living in supported accommodation, as reported by existing qualitative research. METHODS: A systematic review of qualitative evidence was conducted according to the JBI's methodological guidance. In September 2023, five academic databases were searched for relevant literature published since database inception. A secondary analysis of the results of included studies was guided by the International Framework for Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), using the ICF Linking Rules. RESULTS: A total of 31 articles were included. The analysis identified 154 determinants of physical activity and 112 determinants of healthy eating. Determinants were most prominently representative of environmental factors that captured the health promoting role and attitudes of staff, alongside the influence of the organisational context. CONCLUSION: This review provided evidence for the complex interactions between body functions and structures, activities and participation, personal factors, and the environment that influence physical activity and healthy eating within supported accommodation. Although there is a limited body of evidence to guide practice, the findings highlight the multifactorial nature of interventions that can be utilised by direct care professionals and adapted to the individual needs and interests of people with disability.

Trauma-informed care within residential aged care settings: A systematic scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: The importance of trauma-informed care (TIC) within residential aged care (RAC) settings has been increasingly recognised. TIC would ensure that older people who have experienced trauma over their lifetime have their needs better understood and accommodated. This scoping review examined the extent to which TIC has been applied within RAC settings. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted according to Cochrane recommendations and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. A systematic search of six databases (Embase, Emcare, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsychInfo and Medline) was performed in July 2022 and March 2023 and peer-reviewed primary research, in English and involved RAC staff or residents (aged 65 years and over) providing or receiving TIC were eligible for inclusion. Studies focused on trauma intervention, assessment, screening, or treatment were excluded. Thematic synthesis was performed to extract themes relating to trauma-informed practice, barriers and enablers to TIC, and outcomes from the application of TIC approaches. RESULTS: Five articles were included. There was little evidence of the implementation of TIC interventions in RAC settings. Only one study examined the application of a TIC framework in a RAC setting. However, there was some evidence that approaches that consider resident's experience of trauma have emerged from practice experience and been used in RAC as an extension of person-centred care. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst trauma-informed approaches to resident care are emerging through practice experience, and despite policy recommendations to do so, there is little evidence that formal TIC interventions or frameworks have been applied to RAC internationally. This study highlights a gap in research and practice and makes several recommendations for further research and implementation of TIC in RAC.

A rapid umbrella review of the literature surrounding the provision of patient-centred end-of-life care.

BACKGROUND: Patients have reported a broad range of unmet needs in their receipt of clinical care at the end of life. Therefore, enhancing the quality of end-of-life care through patient-centred healthcare interactions is warranted. AIM: The aim of this rapid umbrella review was to synthesise previous literature reviews that have examined: (1) patient preferences for patient-centred end-of-life care; (2) barriers and enablers to patient-centred end-of-life care; (3) interventions designed to enhance patient-centred end-of-life care; and (4) patient-centred models of end-of-life care. DESIGN: A rapid umbrella review was conducted and informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodological guidance for conducting umbrella reviews. DATA SOURCES: Three academic databases were searched for relevant literature in May 2022: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL Plus. Inclusion criteria encompassed literature reviews that examined the topic of patient-centred care for any adult patients in end-of-life care. RESULTS: A total of 92 literature reviews were identified. Findings suggest that there is often a discrepancy between patient preferences and the provision of care. These discrepancies have been associated with a range of barriers at the patient, staff and system levels. Common interventions included education and training for staff which were often met with improved patient outcomes. Patient-centred models of care were underrepresented across the literature. CONCLUSIONS: This review highlighted a need for healthcare systems to support staff in providing a patient-centred end of life experience through the development of a co-designed patient-centred model of care, supplemented by professional development and a systematic approach to identifying and documenting patient preferences.

Experiences in the delivery of preconception and pregnancy care for LGBTIQA+ people: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of patient and healthcare provider perspectives.

BACKGROUND: The widespread availability of reproductive technology and family planning services has led to an increase in the number of available pathways to parenthood for LGBTIQA+ people. However, emerging research indicates that significant healthcare inequities have been documented among LGBTIQA+ people and attributed to the pervasiveness of structural and systemic discrimination that extends to preconception and pregnancy care. AIM: The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise qualitative research that has explored the experiences of LGBTIQA+ people in navigating preconception and pregnancy care services to inform healthcare quality improvement. METHOD: Six databases were searched for relevant research published between 2012 and 2023. The findings of all included studies underwent a secondary thematic synthesis, and methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Qualitative Research. FINDINGS: A total of 37 studies were eligible for inclusion. Four major themes were constructed through thematic synthesis: (1) unavailability of information, services, and support; (2) clinical competencies of healthcare staff; (3) hetero- and cis-sexist care experiences; and (4) discrimination and traumatisation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The findings of this review indicate that LGBTIQA+ people experience significant challenges during the journey towards parenthood, marked predominantly by the pervasiveness of inequity, and defined by discriminatory healthcare processes. This review has led to several recommendations for future healthcare quality improvement through an investment in policies, procedures, and interactions that are sensitive to the needs of LGBTIQA+ people. Importantly, future research must be co-designed and led by LGBTIQA+ community input.

Barriers and enablers to the implementation of healthy lifestyle interventions for people with disability living in supported accommodation: A systematic review using the consolidated framework for implementation research.

BACKGROUND: People with disability living in supported accommodation often experience significant health disparities, despite the availability of additional support. Healthy lifestyle interventions have been identified as one key health promotion strategy. Implementation science offers an opportunity to explore the factors that influence the efficacy and sustainability of these interventions, yet its application in this context has been underutilized. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review synthesized the barriers and enablers to the implementation of healthy lifestyle interventions delivered to people with disability living in supported accommodation settings. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A search for relevant literature published between January 2011 and November 2021 was conducted across six databases. The findings of included studies were coded and analyzed according to the domains and constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) via deductive content analysis. RESULTS: Five studies were included, and their findings were mapped to 21 out of 38 constructs under the CFIR. Interventions from each study delivered health promotion education and training to staff and/or people with disability. The most prominent determinants that influenced implementation success included an intervention's relevance and its flexibility to adapt to the needs of people with disability, alongside organizational resourcing, and stakeholder endorsement in supporting implementation. CONCLUSIONS: The CFIR provided a systematic approach to explore the implementation of healthy lifestyle interventions. However, further research that is grounded in and guided by implementation science theories is warranted. Despite the scarcity of literature, several compelling, yet preliminary recommendations were drawn from the findings.

The delivery of healthy lifestyle interventions for people with disability living in supported accommodation: a scoping review of intervention efficacy and consumer involvement.

BACKGROUND: People with disability living in supported accommodation experience health disparities that may be partly attributed to sedentary lifestyle behaviors and poor dietary quality. Healthy lifestyle interventions have been suggested as a method of health promotion for this population; however, a synthesis of their efficacy has not yet been conducted. OBJECTIVE: The primary aims were to (1) identify healthy lifestyle interventions delivered to people with disability living in supported accommodation and (2) examine their efficacy in supporting health and well-being. A secondary aim was to explore whether people with disability have been involved in the codesign of these interventions. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidance for conducting scoping reviews, and six databases were searched from January 2011 to November 2021. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were included. Identified intervention types included training and education, exercise programs, and multicomponent interventions. A broad range of outcomes were examined; however, findings regarding efficacy were overall mixed and limited due to significant heterogeneity and the underreporting of consistently measured outcomes. The codesign of interventions in consultation with people with disability was underexplored. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion training for staff and tailored education for people with disability hold promise in creating a care environment that supports a healthy lifestyle. The paucity of interventions developed in consultation with people with disability is concerning and highlights the importance of meaningful co-design. The development of a theoretically informed intervention that is codesigned and addresses the broader social determinants that influence health behavior is recommended.

Early intervention for residential out-of-home care staff using eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR).

OBJECTIVE: Residential out-of-home care (OoHC) staff regularly experience workplace-related trauma. This may contribute to the future development of a trauma- or stressor-related disorder. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for stress disorders but is largely unstudied in OoHC staff. The objective of the current study was to determine if EMDR, provided early within 3 months of an incident, reduced trauma symptom severity in OoHC staff. METHOD: During a 3-year pilot study (2018-2020), a trained clinician delivered the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP) and Group Traumatic Episode Protocol (G-TEP) EMDR to OoHC staff from one community service organization in Victoria, Australia. Retrospective data from the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) were deidentified and analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, individual EMDR (R-TEP) was provided via telehealth in 2020 in comparison with face-to-face sessions during 2018-2019. RESULTS: Overall, a significant decrease in PCL-5 scores was seen from baseline to follow up, and staff who received R-TEP or G-TEP experienced reductions in symptoms. Both face-to-face and online modalities showed significant reductions in PCL-5 scores. No significant differences were found between the online or face-to-face modes of delivery, suggesting both options are effective. No adverse reactions were reported among the 144 staff who participated. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the efficacy of EMDR in reducing traumatic stress symptom severity for residential OoHC staff. A larger, prospective research study is needed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Nurturing children's development through healthy eating and active living: Time for policies to support effective interventions in the context of responsive emotional support and early learning.

Fostering the growth, development, health, and wellbeing of children is a global priority. The early childhood period presents a critical window to influence lifelong trajectories, however urgent multisectoral action is needed to ensure that families are adequately supported to nurture their children's growth and development. With a shared vision to give every child the best start in life, thus helping them reach their full developmental potential, we have formed the International Healthy Eating Active Living Matters (HEALing Matters) Alliance. Together, we form a global network of academics and practitioners working across child health and development, and who are dedicated to improving health equity for children and their families. Our goal is to ensure that all families are free from structural inequality and oppression and are empowered to nurture their children's growth and development through healthy eating and physical activity within the context of responsive emotional support, safety and security, and opportunities for early learning. To date, there have been disparate approaches to promoting these objectives across the health, community service, and education sectors. The crucial importance of our collective work is to bring these priorities for early childhood together through multisectoral interventions, and in so doing tackle head on siloed approaches. In this Policy paper, we draw upon extensive research and call for collective action to promote equity and foster positive developmental trajectories for all children. We call for the delivery of evidence-based programs, policies, and services that are co-designed to meet the needs of all children and families and address structural and systemic inequalities. Moving beyond the "what" is needed to foster the best start to life for all children, we provide recommendations of "how" we can do this. Such collective impact will facilitate intergenerational progression that builds human capital in future generations.

Inequities in obesity: Indigenous, culturally and linguistically diverse, and disability perspectives.

Population groups, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, people with disability, and people from culturally and linguistically diverse communities (CALD) experience health inequity and resulting disparities in disease rates. These include higher rates of obesity and associated chronic diseases. This paper brings together three perspectives by researchers in the fields of Indigenous health, disability and CALD health to examine how overweight and obesity impact these populations in Australia and to put forward ways of addressing the problem. The authors urge investment in research co-designed with people from each of these communities and with lived experience of obesity to build valuable knowledge about what preventive actions and interventions will work to reduce obesity rates. They call for evidence-based, tailored obesity prevention programs to address these historical disparities and improve health outcomes among some of Australia's disadvantaged populations.

The effect of My Health Record use in the emergency department on clinician-assessed patient care: results from a survey.

BACKGROUND: The emergency department has been a major focus for the implementation of Australia's national electronic health record, known as My Health Record. However, the association between use of My Health Record in the emergency department setting and patient care is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of emergency department clinicians regarding My Health Record use frequency, the benefits of My Health Record use (with a focus on patient care) and the barriers to use. METHODS: All 393 nursing, pharmacy, physician and allied health staff employed within the emergency department at a tertiary metropolitan public hospital in Melbourne were invited to participate in a web-based survey, between 1 May 2021 and 1 December 2021, during the height of the Delta and Omicron Covid-19 outbreaks in Victoria, Australia. RESULTS: Overall, the survey response rate was 18% (70/393). Approximately half of the sample indicated My Health Record use in the emergency department (n = 39, 56%, confidence interval [CI] 43-68%). The results showed that users typically only engaged with My Health Record less than once per shift (n = 15, 39%, CI 23-55%). Just over half (n = 19/39, 54%, CI 32-65%) of all participants who use My Health Record agreed they could remember a time when My Health Record had been critical to the care of a patient. Overall, clinicians indicated the biggest barrier preventing their use of My Health Record is that they forget to utilise the system. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that My Health Record has not been adopted as routine practice in the emergency department, by the majority of participants. Close to half of self-identified users of My Health Record do not associate use as being critical to patient care. Instead, My Health Record may only be used in scenarios that clinicians perceive will yield the greatest benefit-which clinicians in this paper suggest is patients with chronic and complex conditions. Further research that explores the predictors to use and consumers most likely to benefit from use is recommended-and strategies to socialise this knowledge and educate clinicians is desperately required.

Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention of childhood obesity: A systematic review of quality and content.

Obesity in childhood is a significant global issue, and prevention is key to reducing prevalence. Healthcare providers can play an important role in the prevention of obesity. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for preventing childhood obesity with a focus on the role of medical doctors. Peer-reviewed literature and gray literature sources were searched for CPGs published from 2010 to 2021. Eleven CPGs were identified. Quality was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Collaboration (AGREE II) instrument; seven CPGs were higher quality and four lower quality. Recommendations within the CPGs covered three main areas: growth monitoring, maintaining a healthy weight, and managing overweight. The importance of involving the whole family and healthy lifestyle behaviors was emphasized. The majority of the CPGs rated poorly in guideline applicability highlighting the need for practical implementation tools. Although our review identified a number of CPGs relevant to the prevention of obesity for doctors working with children and their families, more research is needed to produce high-quality meaningful and applicable CPGs to maximize uptake, implementation, and ultimately, benefit to children and their families.

When immunosuppression and COVID-19 intersect: An exploratory qualitative study of young lung transplant recipient perceptions of daily life during a pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic poses an increased risk of infection, severe illness, hospitalization and mortality for young people who are immunosuppressed, including lung transplant (LTx) recipients. The aim of this study was to explore the intersection between immunosuppression and COVID-19, through the impacts of the pandemic upon the daily lives of young LTx recipients residing in the Australian state of Victoria. METHODS: An exploratory qualitative research study was undertaken via consumer engagement. A purposive sample of 11 LTx recipients, residing in Victoria, was recruited during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain insights into their daily life and healthcare experiences, including the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were interpreted using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four major themes were identified: (1) occupational deprivation due to the intersection of COVID-19 and lung transplant; (2) resilience and acceptance of restrictions; (3) infection control and vigilance about risk; and (4) care experiences of telehealth. CONCLUSIONS: Occupational deprivation emerged as a common theme, specifically in the context of loss of access to meaningful everyday activities of developmental significance. However, participants also commonly reflected upon their ability to flexibly adjust to changing socially regulated community and healthcare environments. A high degree of acceptance and compliance with public health orders was self-reported, may be indicative of this cohort's long-term experience of chronic illness and their understanding of the importance of minimizing infection risks. Youth-informed healthcare strategies were identified as keystone to engaging them in institutional change and program adaptation during a pandemic.

Implementing a healthy lifestyle program in residential out-of-home care: What matters, what works and what translates?

The Healthy Eating, Active Living Matters (HEALing Matters) program is being scaled up across residential out-of-home care (OOHC) in Victoria, Australia and is providing young people with the knowledge, skills and resources to promote better health through healthy eating and activity. HEALing Matters was piloted as the HEAL program, a dual-intervention program that aimed to provide young people living in residential care with education and opportunities to improve their eating and physical activity habits, while simultaneously building the capacity of their carers to promote, encourage and role model healthy lifestyle behaviours. Qualitative findings indicated that HEAL resulted in increased participation in community sport, increased availability of sports equipment, healthy meal preparation and healthy food availability and improvements in perceived young person self-esteem and independent living skills. Findings also revealed some limitations of the program. Following the pilot, a participatory methodological approach was used to better understand how to align the HEAL program with individual and community needs. This approach engaged diverse stakeholders to better understand the barriers and enablers, address limitations, identify key intervention points and build trust and a shared vision to co-design the HEALing Matters program. HEALing Matters is now delivered within a framework that is informed by attachment, trauma and resilience theories. This paper outlines the HEALing Matters journey from what matters, to what works, to what translates in relation to a healthy eating and active living intervention in OOHC.

Predictors of clinician use of Australia's national health information exchange in the emergency Department: An analysis of log data.

OBJECTIVE: This study explores patient and context related factors associated with use of Australia's national personally controlled Health Information Exchange (HIE), My Health Record, by emergency department (ED) clinicians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis explored secondary routinely-collected data including all patients who presented (between August 2019-2021) to the ED at a not-for-profit hospital in Melbourne. Presentation data were linked to the HIE access log-data, and human resources data. The primary outcome indicated HIE access by an ED pharmacist, doctor or nurse, within 3 days of the patient presenting to the ED, or not. Nine variables were explored with logistic regression, representing patient (gender, age, diagnosis) and other factors (presentation time, arrival method, referral, acuity/triage, length of stay, admitted into hospital). RESULTS: HIE is accessed in 17.43% of patient presentations to the ED, led by pharmacists (15.60%). Overall, as demonstrated in themultivariable analysis, increased HIE access was associated with increasing age, with the biggest effect for 75-84-year old's (odd's ratio 26.15; 95% confidence interval 15.37-44.50), when compared to < 4 years of age. HIE access was also significantly and positively associated with patients who were later admitted into hospital from theED (4.96; 4.61-5.34). CONCLUSION: The results suggest users of HIE in the ED employ the system to meet their needs, but not for all patients. To maximise value derived from HIE use, clinicians should target system access for patients where the benefit of accessing the record outweighs the cost - this research suggests that is for patients who are older in age and are likely to be admitted, potentially linked to greater condition complexity. If the use of a HIE is to improve the provision of care in the ED, the key stakeholders governing patient information within the HIE need to focus on improving clinician recording behaviours for older people and those suffering from complex medical conditions. Doctors and nurses lag behind with respect to the use of the HIE by pharmacists. Therefore, a focus on encouraging HIE engagement across these clinician groups is drastically required.

The Impact of Community Mental Health Programs for Australian Youth: A Systematic Review.

Australia has undergone significant youth mental health reform over the past 10 years, leading to numerous studies examining the effects of community-based mental health care programs for Australian youth. However, no synthesis of this literature currently exists. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to: (1) describe the types of community-based mental health programs that have been delivered to Australian youth in the past 10 years; and (2) examine their impact in improving young people's mental health symptomology and psychosocial functioning. A systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature was conducted. Studies were included if they evaluated the extent to which such programs improved mental health symptomology (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use) and/or psychosocial outcomes (e.g., social functioning, school engagement, employment) for Australian youth aged 10-25 years. Thirty-seven studies were included. Four types of community-based youth mental health care programs were identified: therapy (n = 16), case management (n = 9), integrated 'one-stop-shop' (n = 6) and lifestyle (n = 6) programs. The majority of therapeutic programs were effective in reducing mental health symptomology. Case management and integrated approaches consistently yielded significant improvements in both symptomology and psychosocial outcomes. Lifestyle programs were effective in alleviating depressive symptoms, but inconclusive for other outcomes. This review provides support for youth-friendly, systemic, multidisciplinary and integrated assertive outreach models of community mental health care to improve outcomes for young Australians experiencing mental health concerns. Several recommendations for future research are provided to strengthen the local evidence-base supporting community mental health programs to ultimately enhance young people's life trajectory.

Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for the treatment and early intervention of trauma among first responders: A systematic review.

First responders are exposed to repetitive work-related trauma and, thus, are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a psychotherapy intervention designed to treat symptoms of posttraumatic stress. We conducted a systematic review to examine the viability of EMDR among first responders. The primary aim of this review was to identify studies that have trialed EMDR among first responders and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing trauma-related symptoms; a secondary aim was to identify whether EMDR has been used as an early intervention for this cohort and determine its effectiveness as such. Four databases were searched. Studies were included if they evaluated the extent to which EMDR was effective in alleviating symptoms stemming from work-related trauma exposure among first responders. The findings from each study were reported descriptively, and eight studies that evaluated the efficacy of EMDR in this population were included. There was substantial variation in how EMDR was implemented, particularly in the type, duration, frequency, and timing. The findings suggest that EMDR can alleviate symptoms of work-related trauma exposure among first responders; however, findings regarding early intervention were inconclusive, and a methodological quality assessment revealed that all studies were classified as being of either weak or medium quality. Although this review provides preliminary insights into the effectiveness of EMDR for first responders, the conclusions that can be drawn from the literature are limited, and the findings highlight several gaps in the literature.

Use of Behavior Change Techniques Alongside Exercise in the Management of Rotator Cuff-Related Shoulder Pain: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this scoping review were to: (1) determine the frequency and types of behavior change techniques (BCTs) and education utilized in trials investigating exercise interventions for rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP); (2) subcategorize the BCTs and education found in the trials to summarize all behavior change approaches reported by trials; and (3) compare the frequency, types, and subcategories of BCTs and education utilized in the clinical guidelines for managing RCRSP between the trials. METHODS: Data sources included Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Google Scholar and PubMed, which were searched from inception to June 2020. Trials assessing exercise interventions for RCRSP were included. Three authors independently determined eligibility and extracted data. The frequency and types of BCTs and education in the trials and clinical practice guidelines were reported and compared descriptively. Two authors assessed the content of the BCTs to develop subcategories. RESULTS: Most trials reported including at least 1 type of BCT (89.2%), which was most commonly feedback and monitoring (78.5%). There were many different approaches to the BCTs and education; for example, feedback and monitoring was subcategorized into supervised exercise, exercise monitoring, and feedback through external aids, such as mirrors. Clinical guidelines recommend supervision, goal setting, activity modification, pain management recommendations, information about the condition, and exercise education. CONCLUSION: Although over two-thirds of trials reported including a BCT alongside exercise interventions for RCRSP, the breadth of these interventions is limited (supervision is the only common one). Future trialists should consider using any type of BCT that may improve exercise adherence and outcomes. IMPACT: The findings of this review have: (1) identified gaps in the literature; and (2) contributed to the design of future exercise interventions for RCRSP.