RESUMO
Lateral flow or dipstick assays (e.g., home pregnancy tests), where an analyte solution is drawn through a porous membrane and is detected by localization onto a capture probe residing at a specific site on the flow strip, are the most commonly and extensively used type of diagnostic assay. However, after over 30 years of use, these assays are constrained to measuring one or a few analytes at a time. Here, we describe a completely general method, in which any single-plex lateral flow assay is transformed into a multiplex assay capable of measuring an arbitrarily large number of analytes simultaneously. Instead of identifying the analyte by its localization onto a specific geometric location in the flow medium, the analyte-specific capture probe is identified by its association with a specific optically encoded region within the flow medium. The capture probes for nucleic acids, antigens, or antibodies are attached to highly porous agarose beads, which have been encoded using multiple lanthanide emitters to create a unique optical signature for each capture probe. The optically encoded capture probe-derivatized beads are placed in contact with the analyte-containing porous flow medium and the analytes are captured onto the encoded regions as the solution flows through the porous medium. To perform a multiplex diagnostic assay, a solution comprising multiple analytes is passed through the flow medium containing the capture probe-derivatized beads, and the captured analyte is treated with a suitable fluorescent reporter. We demonstrate this multiplex analysis technique by simultaneously measuring DNA samples, antigen-antibody pairs, and mixtures of multiple nucleic acids and antibodies.
RESUMO
The hydrothermal reactions of CuBr(2), CuBr, and 2,2'-dipyridyl have resulted in the synthesis of three new compounds. Cu(3)Br(4)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2) (1) is a molecular phase; CuBr(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2)) (2) is a one-dimensional chain structure; and [Cu(2)(OH)(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(2)][Cu(4)Br(6)] (3) crystallizes in a two-dimensional sheet structure. All three compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1, triclinic, space group P&onemacr; (No. 2) with a = 10.604(2) Å, b = 11.642(2) Å, c = 11.688(2) Å, alpha = 61.965(5) degrees, beta = 68.965(5) degrees, gamma = 69.523(5) degrees, Z = 2; 2, monoclinic, space group C2/c (No. 15) with a = 16.766(4) Å, b = 9.287(2) Å, c = 7.392(2) Å, beta = 110.536(6) degrees, Z = 4; 3, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n (No. 14) with a = 10.907(3) Å, b = 6.0677(13) Å, c = 21.620(5) Å, beta = 90.542(4) degrees, Z = 4.
RESUMO
The hydrothermal reactions of vanadium oxide and molybdenum oxide starting materials with divalent first-row transition metal cations in the presence of nitrogen donor chelating ligands yield the heterometallic hexanuclear clusters [{Zn(bipy)(2)}(2)V(4)O(12)] (2), [{Zn(phen)(2)}(2)V(4)O(12)].H(2)O (3.H(2)O), and [{Ni(bipy)(2)}(2)Mo(4)O(14)] (4). A similar reaction in the presence of excess 2,2'-bipyridine yields [Zn(bipy)(3)](2)[V(4)O(12)].11H(2)O (1.11H(2)O), a species with an isolated {V(4)O(12)}(4)(-) cluster. The structure of 2 consists of a {V(4)O(12)}(4)(-) ring covalently attached to each of two {Zn(bipy)(2)}(2+) moieties through the terminal oxo groups of alternate vanadium sites. In contrast, the structure of 3 exhibits a {V(4)O(12)}(4)(-) ring linked through oxo groups of adjacent vanadium sites to two {Zn(phen)(2)}(2+) moieties. The structure of 4 is constructed from two {Mo(2)O(7)}(2)(-) units linked through two {Ni(bipy)(2)}(2+) groups to form a cyclic 12-membered {Mo(4)Ni(2)O(6)} core. Crystal data: [Zn(bipy)(3)](2)[V(4)O(12)].11H(2)O (1.11H(2)O), a = 21.910(4) Å, b = 14.044(2) Å, c = 23.815(4) Å, beta = 106.15(1) degrees, monoclinic, C2/c, Z = 4; [{Zn(bipy)(2)}(2)V(4)O(12)] (2), a = 12.017(2) Å, c = 15.120(2) Å, tetragonal P4(2)/n, Z = 2. [{Zn(o-phen)(2)}(2)V(4)O(12)].H(2)O (3.H(2)O), a = 18.182(2) Å, b = 11.3668(9) Å, c = 23.455(2) Å, beta = 97.815(7) degrees, monoclinic P2(1)/c, Z = 4; [{Ni(bipy)(2){(2)Mo(4)O(14)] (4), a = 12.323(2) Å, c = 14.897(4) Å, tetragonal P4(2)2(1)2, Z = 2.
RESUMO
The hydrothermal chemistry of the CsVO(3)/methylenediphosphonate system was investigated. Variations in reaction temperatures, heating times, and stoichiometries of reactants resulted in the isolation of mononuclear, one-, two-, and three-dimensional species: Cs[VO(HO(3)PCH(2)PO(3)H)(2)(H(2)O)] (1), Cs[VO(HO(3)PCH(2)PO(3))] (2), Cs[(VO)(2)V (O(3)PCH(2)PO(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)] (3), and [V(HO(3)PCH(2)PO(3))(H(2)O)] (4), respectively. The structure of the anion of 1 consists of isolated V(IV) octahedra. Phase 2 adopts a chain structure constructed from corner-sharing V(IV) octahedra, forming infinite {-V=OV=O-} linkages. The layer structure of 3 contains trinuclear units of corner-sharing {VO(6)} octahedra with the central V site in the III oxidation state and V(IV) centers at the extremities of the cluster. The diphosphonate ligands serve to link neighboring trinuclear motifs into a layer structure three octahedra in depth. The Cs(+) cations occupy cavities within the layers, rather than the more common interlamellar positions. The structure of 4 consists of isolated {V(III)O(6)} octahedra linked by diphosphonate groups into a three-dimensional framework. Crystal data: for 1, CH(6)O(7)P(2)V(0.5)Cs, monoclinic C2, a = 10.991(2) Å, b = 10.161(2) Å, c = 7.445(1) Å, beta = 92.97(3) degrees, Z = 4; for 2, CH(3)O(7)P(2)VCs, monoclinic C2, a = 10.212(2) Å, b = 10.556(2) Å, c = 14.699(3) Å, beta = 94.57(2) degrees, Z = 8; for 3, C(2)H(8)O(16)P(4)V(3)Cs, monoclinic C2/m, a = 9.724(2) Å, b = 8.136(2) Å, c = 10.268(2) Å, beta = 103.75(3) degrees, Z = 2; for 4, CH(5)O(7)P(2)V, monoclinic P2(1)()/n, a = 5.341(1) Å, b = 11.516(2) Å, c = 10.558(2) Å, beta = 99.89(1) degrees, Z = 4.
RESUMO
Four new layered mixed-valence vanadium oxides, which contain interlamellar organic cations, alpha-(H(3)N(CH(2))(2)NH(3))[V(4)O(10)] (1a), beta-(H(3)N(CH(2))(2)NH(3))[V(4)O(10)] (1b), alpha-(H(2)N(C(2)H(4))(2)NH(2))[V(4)O(10)] (2a), and beta-(H(2)N(C(2)H(4))(2)NH(2))[V(4)O(10)] (2b), have been prepared under hydrothermal conditions and their single-crystal structures determined: 1a, triclinic, space group P&onemacr;, a = 6.602(2) Å, b = 7.638(2) Å, c = 5.984(2) Å, alpha = 109.55(3) degrees, beta = 104.749(2) degrees, gamma = 82.31(3) degrees, Z = 1; 1b, triclinic, P&onemacr;, a = 6.387(1) Å, b = 7.456(2) Å, c = 6.244(2) Å, alpha = 99.89(2) degrees, beta = 102.91(2) degrees, gamma = 78.74(2) degrees, Z = 1; 2a, triclinic, P&onemacr;, a = 6.3958(5) Å, b = 8.182(1) Å, c = 6.3715(7) Å, alpha = 105.913(9) degrees, beta = 104.030(8) degrees, gamma = 94.495(8) degrees, Z = 1; 2b, monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n, a = 9.360(2) Å, b = 6.425(3) Å, c = 10.391(2) Å, beta = 105.83(1) degrees, Z = 2. All four of the compounds contain mixed-valence V(5+)/V(4+) vanadium oxide layers constructed from V(5+)O(4) tetrahedra and pairs of edge-sharing V(4+)O(5) square pyramids with protonated organic amines occupying the interlayer space.