Kidney Allograft Retrieval in Donations After Cardiac Death Following Type A0 Dissection Extending to Both Renal Origins.

Controlled organ retrieval in donors after cardiac death has been increasing in Australia to help bridge the gap in demand and supply. Donation of organs from donors with acute aortic syndrome has been scarcely reported. Several concerns exist related to ischemic insults before retrieval from malperfusion, systemic inflammatory state in dissection, and involvement of donor organ vessels that may preclude the ability of surgeons to perform successful anastomosis of healthy vessels. Here, we have described a case in which both kidneys were successfully retrieved from a donor after cardiac death who had a type A0 aortic dissection. Despite radiological malperfusion and concern about vessel integrity, donor organs were unaffected and had immediate graft function.

High-dose preoperative cholecalciferol to prevent post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia: A randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia is a significant cause of morbidity and prolonged hospitalization, usually due to transient parathyroid gland damage, treated with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. We present a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of preoperative loading with high-dose cholecalciferol (300 000 IU) to reduce post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Patients (n = 160) presenting for thyroidectomy at tertiary hospitals were randomized 1:1 to cholecalciferol (300 000 IU) or placebo 7 days prior to thyroidectomy. Ten patients withdrew prior to surgery. The primary outcome was post-operative hypocalcaemia (corrected calcium <2.1 mmol/L in first 180 days). RESULTS: The study included 150 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for Graves' disease (31%), malignancy (20%) and goitre (49%). Mean pre-enrolment vitamin D was 72 ± 26 nmol/L. Postoperative hypocalcaemia occurred in 21/72 (29%) assigned to cholecalciferol and 30/78 (38%) participants assigned to placebo (P = 0.23). There were no differences in secondary end-points between groups. In pre-specified stratification, baseline vitamin D status did not predict hypocalcaemia, although most individuals were vitamin D replete at baseline. Post-hoc stratification by day 1 parathyroid hormone (PTH) (<10 pg/mL, low vs ≥10 pg/mL, normal) was explored due to highly divergent rates of hypocalcaemia in these groups. Using a Cox regression model, the hazard ratio for hypocalcaemia in the cholecalciferol group was 0.56 (95%CI 0.32-0.98, P = 0.04) after stratification for Day 1 PTH. Further clinical benefits were observed in these subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-thyroidectomy treatment with high-dose cholecalciferol did not reduce the overall rate of hypocalcaemia following thyroidectomy. In subgroups stratified by day 1 PTH status, improved clinical outcomes were noted.

Effects of Abduction Pillows on Rotator Cuff Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis.

BACKGROUND: After rotator cuff repair, some surgeons use abduction pillows to unload or protect the repair construct, while others do not. QUESTION/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine which type of sling-one with a small or large abduction pillow or one without a pillow-places the repaired rotator cuff in the best position to reduce tension on the supraspinatus. METHODS: An X-ray study was performed on asymptomatic subjects to determine what position the shoulder is placed in when wearing a sling with or without an abduction pillow. Positions were then reproduced in human cadaveric shoulders using a custom-made testing jig, and tension on the repaired supraspinatus was measured. RESULTS: X-rays showed that abduction of the glenohumeral joint with a sling was only 4°, with a sling with a small pillow was 13°, and with a sling with a large abduction pillow was 25°. Placing the cadaveric shoulders in the position of a sling with a small abduction pillow caused a reduction in tension on the supraspinatus of 27% anteriorly and 55% posteriorly compared to placing the shoulder in the position of a sling without an abduction pillow; a large abduction pillow caused a further reduction in tension, of 42% anteriorly and 56% posteriorly. CONCLUSION: These findings show that abduction pillows reduce tension on the repaired supraspinatus tendon.