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1.
Can J Vet Res ; 86(4): 286-293, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36211215

RESUMO

Expression of phosphorylated v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (pBRAF) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (pERK1/2) were investigated in urothelial carcinoma (UC) in dogs with or without the BRAF gene mutation (V595E). Among the 10 cases of UC with V595E (-), cytoplasmic immunoreactivity against pBRAF of neoplastic cells was reported in 8, with 7 displaying moderate reactivity and 1 displaying intense reactivity. Nuclear immunoreactivity against pBRAF was detected in 5 cases; however, these reactivities were non-specific, due to pBRAF being limited in the cytoplasm. In addition, positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity against pERK1/2 of neoplastic cells was detected in 7 cases and nuclear immunoreactivity against ERK1/2 was detected in 6 cases. Among the 13 cases of UC with V595E (+), cytoplasmic immunoreactivity against pBRAF of neoplastic cells was detected in all 13 cases and nuclear immunoreactivity against pBRAF was detected in 10 cases; however, the nuclear immunoreactivity was non-specific. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity against pERK1/2 of neoplastic cells was detected in all 13 cases and nuclear immunoreactivity against pERK1/2 was also detected in all cases. As nuclear pERK1/2 indicates a progressive signaling process in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, V595E (+) UC might be in its growing stage. Probable phosphorylated sites of pBRAF at Thr598/Ser601, detected in this study, are major and essential sites of the upstream rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) signaling pathway. In human cancers, the BRAF mutation never coincides with oncogenic RAS. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the simultaneous occurrence of the BRAF mutation (V595E) and pBRAF expression (at Thr598/Ser601) in dogs with UC with V595E (+).


L'expression de l'homologue B de l'oncogène viral du sarcome murin phosphorylé v raf (pBRAF) et de la kinase1/2 régulée par le signal extracellulaire phosphorylé (pERK1/2) ont été étudiées dans le carcinome urothélial (CU) chez des chiens avec ou sans la mutation du gène BRAF (V595E). Parmi les 10 cas de CU avec V595E (−), une immunoréactivité cytoplasmique contre pBRAF de cellules néoplasiques a été rapportée chez huit, sept présentant une réactivité modérée et un présentant une réactivité intense. L'immunoréactivité nucléaire contre pBRAF a été détectée dans cinq cas; cependant, ces réactivités n'étaient pas spécifiques, car pBRAF était limité dans le cytoplasme. De plus, une immunoréactivité cytoplasmique positive contre pERK1/2 des cellules néoplasiques a été détectée dans sept cas et une immunoréactivité nucléaire contre ERK1/2 a été détectée dans six cas. Parmi les 13 cas de CU avec V595E (+), une immunoréactivité cytoplasmique contre pBRAF de cellules néoplasiques a été détectée dans les 13 cas et une immunoréactivité nucléaire contre pBRAF a été détectée dans 10 cas; cependant, l'immunoréactivité nucléaire était non spécifique. L'immunoréactivité cytoplasmique contre pERK1/2 des cellules néoplasiques a été détectée dans les 13 cas et l'immunoréactivité nucléaire contre pERK1/2 a également été détectée dans tous les cas. Comme le pERK1/2 nucléaire indique un processus de signalisation progressif dans la voie de la protéine kinase activée par les mitogènes, V595E (+) UC pourrait être dans sa phase de croissance. Les sites phosphorylés probables de pBRAF à Thr598/Ser601, détectés dans cette étude, sont des sites majeurs et essentiels de la voie de signalisation de l'oncogène viral (RAS) du sarcome de rat en amont. Dans les cancers humains, la mutation BRAF ne coïncide jamais avec le RAS oncogène. À notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier rapport sur la survenue simultanée de la mutation BRAF (V595E) et de l'expression de pBRAF (à Thr598/Ser601) chez des chiens atteints de CU avec V595E (+).(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células de Transição , Doenças do Cão , Doenças dos Roedores , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Animais , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/genética , Carcinoma de Células de Transição/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/genética , Cães , Humanos , Camundongos , Mutação , Oncogenes , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/veterinária
2.
J Vet Med Sci ; 71(9): 1151-9, 2009 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19801894

RESUMO

Inhibitory effects of ketoconazole (KTZ), cimetidine (CIM), and erythromycin (ERY) were examined on CYP3A activities. Midazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation (MDZ1'H and MDZ4H) were used to determine CYP3A activities in hepatic microsomes obtained from cats (n=4). The results showed that, all the examined drugs inhibited the reactions in a noncompetitive manner. The inhibitory constants (Ki) of KTZ were 2.80 +/- 0.70 and 115 +/- 28 microM for MDZ1'H and MDZ4H, respectively. Those of CIM were 3.13 and 3.27 mM and of ERY were 3.14 and 6.41 mM for MDZ1'H and MDZ4H, respectively. Mechanism-based inhibition was also examined in this study. KTZ significantly reduced MDZ reactions in a time-dependent manner; while CIM and ERY did not. Also, the effects of KTZ and CIM on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine (QUN) were studied. KTZ or CIM (10 mg/kg/day, for one week) was given orally to cats (n=5). QUN (2 mg/kg, i. v.) was injected 2 hr after the last dose of KTZ or CIM. The analysis of the obtained pharmacokinetic parameters showed that, KTZ significantly reduced total body clearance of QUN by 35%, while CIM did not. These results suggest that, KTZ inhibits CYP3A activities (both in vitro and in vivo), but CIM does not. In clinical practice, therefore, KTZ may result in inhibition based drug-drug interaction with CYP3A substrates in cat patients, whereas CIM and ERY are unlikely to lead to interaction involving CYP3A substrates.


Assuntos
Cimetidina/farmacologia , Inibidores do Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Cetoconazol/farmacologia , Microssomos Hepáticos/enzimologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Área Sob a Curva , Gatos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Feminino , Meia-Vida , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/farmacologia , Midazolam/sangue , Midazolam/farmacocinética
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