Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy via Laminoplasty Technique for L5 -S1 Lumbar Disc Herniation with a Narrow Interlaminar Window.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the treatment effect of patients with L5 S1 lumber disc herniation (LDH) with a narrow interlaminar window, we proposed an alternative approach to percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) via the laminoplasty technique. METHODS: Fifteen L5 S1 LDH patients (7 men and 8 women; age range, 22 to 56 years; median age, 34 years; 9 left, 6 right) were enrolled in the present study retrospectively. The interlaminar windows of all patients were narrow (the transverse diameter of the L5 S1 interlaminar window is equal to or less than that of L4-5 ). Percutaneous laminoplasty and endoscopic interlaminar discectomy surgery were undergone by all patients from July 2018 to July 2019. All operations were completed under local anesthesia. The target laminoplasty area was the safety zone, use of which avoids both transverse and exit nerve roots. Under fluoroscopic guidance or clear endoscopic visualization, the trephines were used to enlarge the interlaminar window, which allowed the working cannula to enter the spinal canal but avoid nerve roots and the dural sac. The preoperative/postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were statistically analyzed. The modified MacNab criterion was used to assess the clinical effects. The radiological outcomes were evaluated by MRI and CT. SPSS 19.0 software was used for the statistical evaluation. RESULTS: The operative time ranged from 70 to 120 min, with a median time of 92 min, and the fluoroscopy times ranged from 8 to 12, with a median of 9.7 times. The body mass index (BMI) of patients ranged from 18.10 to 26.06, with a median of 22.04. All patients were followed up in the outpatient department for at least 12 months after surgery. At the last follow up, the average VAS-Back score of the study patients was reduced from 5.33 ± 2.09 to 2.00 ± 1.20 (P < 0.001) and the average VAS-Leg score was reduced from 7.53 ± 1.69 to 1.47 ± 0.92 (P < 0.001). The average ODI scores improved from 47.87 ± 11.41 to 12.93 ± 3.24 (P < 0.01). According to the modified MacNab criteria, 11 cases achieved excellent results and 4 cases achieved good results. All of the operations were successful. There wertr no nerve root injuries, dural tears, or other complications. CONCLUSION: The laminoplasty approach for PEID provides a safe and useful alternative for the treatment of L5-S1 LDH patients with a narrow interlaminar window.

Meta-analysis of the operative treatment of lumbar disc herniation via transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy versus interlaminar percutaneous endoscopic discectomy in randomized trials.

BACKGROUNDS: Transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (TF-PELD) and interlaminar percutaneous endoscopic discectomy (IL-PELD) are the most common alternative treatments of lumbar disc herniation. The aim of this study was to compare the operation time duration and X-ray exposure as well as outcomes of TF-PELD and IL-PELD as indicated by the published clinical evidences within randomized trials. METHODS: We included randomized, controlled studies reporting operation duration and X-ray exposure as well as clinical outcome evaluations, comparing TF-PELD to IL-PELD with a minimum of 10 patients per group. The included data measures were operation duration, X-ray exposure and postoperation evaluations. Data were synthesized and analyzed using ReviewManager version 5.3. Publication bias was evaluated via funnel plot. The Cochran Q test and the degree of inconsistency (I2) were used to assess heterogeneity. Lowly biased and heterogenous dichotomous data were calculated by odds ratio and continuous data were calculated by mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Thirteen studies published from January 1970 to March 2018, with a total of 770 lumbar disc herniation patients, including 361 cases of TF-PELD and 409 cases of IL-PELD, were finally included. Meta-analysis of data extracted from these studies revealed that the postoperation outcomes of both surgery methods did not differ significantly, but the surgery duration was significantly shorter in the IL-PELD group than in the TF-PELD group (MD 21.69; 95% CI 12.94-30.27; P = .00001), and the fluoroscopy times demanded in the IL-PELD group was significantly fewer than those in the TF-PELD group (MD 7.57; 95% CI 6.22-8.93; P = .00001). CONCLUSION: The main finding of the study is that IL-PELD approach can decrease radiation exposure as their demanded duration of operation and fluoroscopy times were significantly shorter and fewer in the IL-PELD group, which they achieve similar outcomes comparing to TF-PELD. The study is limited at a lack of samples with lumbar disc herniation levels out of L5/S1. The findings implicate selection of IL-PELD approach over TF-PELD at applicable circumstances for lower lumbar disc herniation. Physicians should consider this data when choosing between TF-PELD and IL-PELD.

Nontraumatic posterior atlantooccipital dislocation associated with atlantoaxial instability.

INTRODUCTION: Nontraumatic posterior atlantooccipital dislocation has only been rarely reported. In the current study, the authors reported an extremely rare case of nontraumatic posterior atlantooccipital dislocation associated with atlantoaxial instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 47-year-old female was referred with a history of neck pain for 5 years. The patient had no history of trauma. The axial rotation of range of motion of the cervical spine was severely restricted. Posterior atlantooccipital dislocation with atlantoaxial instability was confirmed through conventional radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. We performed realignment of the dislocation and posterior occipitocervical (C0-C2) fusion. After the surgery, the patient's symptoms improved significantly and she manifested neurological improvement. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this lesion has not been reported previously. Anomalies of upper cervical spine may have induced this instability.

Resolving fine structures of the electric double layer of electrochemical interfaces in ionic liquids with an AFM tip modification strategy.

We report enhanced force detection selectivity based on Coulombic interactions through AFM tip modification for probing fine structures of the electric double layer (EDL) in ionic liquids. When AFM tips anchored with alkylthiol molecular layers having end groups with different charge states (e.g., -CH3, -COO(-), and -NH3(+)) are employed, Coulombic interactions between the tip and a specified layering structure are intensified or diminished depending on the polarities of the tip and the layering species. Systematic potential-dependent measurements of force curves with careful inspection of layered features and thickness analysis allows the fine structure of the EDL at the Au(111)-OMIPF6 interface to be resolved at the subionic level. The enhanced force detection selectivity provides a basis for thoroughly understanding the EDL in ionic liquids.

[Effects of total flavones of Chrysanthemum indicum on proliferation and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of total flavones of Chrysanthemum indicum on proliferation and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells and its mechanism. METHODS: The effect of the total flavones of Chrysanthemum indicum on the proliferation of human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells was detected by CCK assay, and the morphological changes of cells treated with total flavones of Chrysanthemum indicum were observed using contrast microscope. Flow cytomerty was performed to analyze the apoptotic rate of the cells, and the gene expression levels of Caspase-3, BCL-2, BAX were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The total flavones of Chrysanthemum indicum suppressed the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Under a microscope observation of cell morphology, the volume became smaller ,the number of internal particles was increased. Cell apoptosis rate was positively related to the drug concentration. After treated for 48 hours, Caspase-3 and BAX expression were up-regulated, BCL-2 and BCL-2/BAX were decreased. CONCLUSION: The total flavones of Chrysanthemum indicum can inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 by inducing cell apoptosis,the mechanism of which might be related with reducing BCL-2/BAX and activating Caspase-3.