Regulating oxygen vacancies by Zn atom doping to anchor and disperse promoter Ba on MgO support to improve Ru-based catalysts activity for ammonia synthesis.

In heterogeneous catalysis, surface defects are widely regarded as an effective means to enhance the catalytic performance of catalysts. In this study, the oxygen vacancy-rich Mg(1-X)ZnXO solid solution support was successfully prepared by doping a small amount of Zn into MgO nanocrystals. Based on this support, Ru/Ba-Mg(1-X)ZnXO catalyst for ammonia synthesis was prepared. Characterization using TEM, EPR, XPS, and DFT calculations confirmed the successful substitution of Zn atoms for Mg atoms leading to the formation of more oxygen vacancies (OVs). N2-TPD, SEM and TEM analyses revealed that a small amount of Zn had minimal influence on the surface morphology and the size of Ru nanoparticles. The abundance of OVs in the support was identified as the primary factor enhancing the catalytic activity. XPS, H2-TPD and kinetics experiment studies further elucidated the mechanism by which OVs promote the reaction, with OVs serving as an anchor point for the promoter Ba on the MgO support and promoted the dispersion of Ba. This anchoring effect not only enhanced the electron density on Ru, favoring the dissociation of the N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N bond, but also mitigated hydrogen poisoning. As a result,the ammonia synthesis rate reached 1.73 mmol g-1 h-1. Furthermore, the CO2-TPD and H2-TPR analyses indicated that Zn doping effectively promotes the metal-support interaction (MSI) and surface alkalinity. The findings of this study offers valuable insights for the design of defective modified catalyst supports.

Optimal Courses of Chemotherapy Combined with Radiotherapy for Low-Risk Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study compared effectiveness between ≤4 cycles and ≥5 cycles of L-asparaginase/pegaspargase-based chemoradiation in newly diagnosed low-risk extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type classified according to the Prognostic Index of Natural Killer (PINK) lymphoma model. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients were categorized into ≤4-cycle (2-4 chemotherapy cycles, n = 166) and ≥5-cycle groups (5-6 cycles, n = 86). Propensity score matching analysis was used to reduce potential confounding bias between the two groups. Treatment responses, adverse events, and survival outcomes between the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: No matter before or after matching (65 in the ≤4-cycle group, 65 in the ≥5-cycle group), response rates and survival outcomes were similar between the ≤4-cycle and ≥5-cycle groups. Incidences of grade 1-2 anemia and transaminase elevation were higher in the ≥5-cycle group. After matching, for stage IE disease, there were no differences in response rates and survival outcomes between the two groups. For stage IIE disease, the complete response rate was higher in the ≥5-cycle group (72.4% vs 92.6%, p = 0.049), and the 3-year overall survival (65.5% vs 85.2%, p = 0.024) and 3-year progression-free survival (58.6% vs 81.5%, p = 0.027) rates were significantly extended in the ≥5-cycle group. CONCLUSION: When chemoradiotherapy strategies with L-asparaginase/pegaspargase-based regimens are applied to modern low-risk ENKTL patients classified according to the PINK model, it may be better to moderately extend chemotherapy courses in patients with stage IIE disease.

Potential of circular RNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase as a biomarker and treatment target for multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the association of circular RNA itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (circ-ITCH) expression with disease risk, clinical characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of multiple myeloma (MM), and to explore the influence of circ-ITCH overexpression on MM cell activities in vitro. METHODS: Bone marrow samples from 92 MM patients and 30 healthy controls were collected, and circ-ITCH expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. PFS and OS in MM patients were calculated. Circ-ITCH in human MM cell lines and normal bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) were detected. Circ-ITCH overexpression and control overexpression plasmids were transfected to U226 cell line, and cell proliferation as well as apoptosis were assessed. RESULTS: Circ-ITCH expression was under-expressed in MM patients compared to healthy controls. And receiver operating characteristic curve displayed that circ-ITCH could distinguish MM patients from healthy controls [area under curve: 0.809 (95% CI: 0.722-0.895)]. Additionally, circ-ITCH high expression was associated with decreased International Staging System (ISS) stage in MM patients. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox's regression analysis displayed that circ-ITCH expression was positively correlated with PFS and OS. In vitro, circ-ITCH expression was lower in MM cell lines (including RPMI8226, U226 and NCI-H929) compared to normal BMMCs. In U226 cells, cell proliferation was decreased but apoptosis was elevated by circ-ITCH overexpression. CONCLUSIONS: Circ-ITCH might serve as a potential biomarker and treatment target for MM.

Efficacy and tolerance of GELOXD/P-GEMOXD in newly diagnosed nasal-type extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma: A multicenter retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Nasal-type extranodal natural killer NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is a distinct type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor prognosis. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the GELOXD or P-GEMOXD regimens in patients with ENKTCL. METHODS: Newly diagnosed ENKTCL patients treated with either the GELOXD or the P-GEMOXD regimen were identified from three cancer centers between January 2010 and December 2016. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) and to investigate prognostic factors. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-four cases were identified from three cancer centers. After 1-5 treatment cycles of GELOXD or P-GEMOXD chemotherapy, 155 (84%) patients showed a complete response (CR). The 3-year OS (73.0% vs 38.2%, P = .001) and PFS (72.8% vs 32.4%, P = .000) rates were significantly higher in early-stage patients compared with advanced-stage patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that patient CR status was a significant independent factor in disease prognosis. Grade 3/4 leukopenia occurred in 43 (23.4%) patients. Major non-hematological toxicities included nausea (n = 117, 63.6%) and vomiting (n = 66, 35.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The GELOXD and P-GEMOXD chemotherapy regimens are well tolerated and provide favorable survival outcomes in patients with ENKTCL.

Increased body mass index is associated with improved overall survival in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type.

OBJECTIVES: The role of body mass index (BMI) in lymphoma survival outcomes is controversial. The prognostic significance of BMI in extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is unclear. We evaluated the prognostic role of BMI in patients with ENKTL. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 742 patients with newly diagnosed ENKTL. The prognostic value of BMI was compared between patients with low BMIs (< 20.0 kg/m2) and patients with high BMIs (≥ 20.0 kg/m2). The prognostic value of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Korean Prognostic Index (KPI) was also evaluated and compared with that of the BMI classification. RESULTS: Patients with low BMIs tended to exhibit higher Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) scores (≥ 2) (P = 0.001), more frequent B symptoms (P < 0.001), lower albumin levels (P < 0.001), higher KPI scores (P = 0.03), and lower rates of complete remission (P < 0.001) than patients with high BMIs, as well as inferior progression-free survival (PFS, P = 0.003), and inferior overall survival (OS, P = 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that age > 60 years, mass > 5 cm, stage III/IV, elevated LDH levels, albumin levels < 35 g/L and low BMIs were independent adverse predictors of OS. The BMI classification was found to be superior to the IPI with respect to predicting patient outcomes among low-risk patients and the KPI with respect to distinguishing between intermediate-low- and high-intermediate-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: Higher BMI at the time of diagnosis is associated with improved overall survival in ENKTL. Using the BMI classification may improve the IPI and KPI prognostic models.