Identification of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes in moyamoya disease by combining bulk RNA-sequencing analysis and machine learning.

Introduction: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that can lead to ischemia and hemorrhagic stroke. The relationship between oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and MMD pathogenesis remains unknown. Methods: The gene expression data of 60 participants were acquired from three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, including 36 and 24 in the MMD and control groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between MMD patients MMD and control groups were identified. Machine learning was used to select the key OXPHOS-related genes associated with MMD from the intersection of DEGs and OXPHOS-related gene sets. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Immune infiltration and microenvironments analysis were used to analyze the function of key genes. Machine learning selected four key OXPHOS-related genes associated with MMD: CSK, NARS2, PTPN6 and SMAD2 (PTPN6 was upregulated and the other three were downregulated). Results: Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in the Notch signaling pathway, GAP junction, and RNA degradation, which are related to several biological processes, including angiogenesis, proliferation of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and cytoskeleton regulation. Immune analysis revealed immune infiltration and microenvironment in these MMD samples and their relationships with four key OXPHOS-related genes. APC co-inhibition (p = 0.032), HLA (p = 0.001), MHC I (p = 0.013), T cellco- inhibition (p = 0.032) and Type I IFN responses (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the MMD groups than those in the control groups. The CSK positively correlated with APC co-inhibition and T cell-co-inhibition. The NARS2 negatively correlated with Type I IFN response. The SMAD2 negatively correlated with APC co-inhibition and Type I IFN response. The PTPN6 positively correlated with HLA, MHC I and Type I IFN responses. Discussion: This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the role of OXPHOS in MMD and will contribute to the development of new treatment methods and exploration of MMD pathogenesis.

Improving Thermal Stability of High-Efficiency Methylammonium-Free Perovskite Solar Cells via Chloride Additive Engineering.

Tin dioxide (SnO2), in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), stands out as the material most suited to the electron transport layer (ETL), yielding advantages with regard to ease of preparation, high mobility, and favorable energy level alignment. Nonetheless, there is a chance that energy losses from defects in the SnO2 and interface will result in a reduction in the Voc. Consequently, optimizing the interfaces within solar cell devices is a key to augmenting both the efficiency and the stability of PSCs. Herein this present study, we introduced butylammonium chloride (BACl) into the SnO2 ETL. The resulting optimized SnO2 film mitigated interface defect density, thereby improving charge extraction. The robust bonding capability of negatively charged Cl- ions facilitated their binding with noncoordinated Sn4+ ions, effectively passivating defects associated with oxygen vacancies and enhancing charge transport within the SnO2 ETL. Concurrently, doped BA+ and Cl- diffused into the perovskite lattice, fostering perovskite grain growth and reducing the defects in perovskite. In comparison to the control device, the Voc saw a 70 mV increase, achieving a champion efficiency of 22.86%. Additionally, following 1000 h of ambient storage, the unencapsulated device based on SnO2 preburied with BACl retained around 90% of its initial photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

Characterization of PANoptosis-related genes and the immune landscape in moyamoya disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cerebrovascular narrowing and occlusive condition characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and the formation of an abnormal network of dilated, fragile perforators at the base of the brain. However, the role of PANoptosis, an apoptotic mechanism associated with vascular disease, has not been elucidated in MMD. In our study, a total of 40 patients' genetic data were included, and a total of 815 MMD-related differential genes were screened, including 215 upregulated genes and 600 downregulated genes. Among them, DNAJA3, ESR1, H19, KRT18 and STK3 were five key genes. These five key genes were associated with a variety of immune cells and immune factors. Moreover, GSEA (gene set enrichment analysis) and GSVA (gene set variation analysis) showed that the different expression levels of the five key genes affected multiple signaling pathways associated with MMD. In addition, they were associated with the expression of MMD-related genes. Then, based on the five key genes, a transcription factor regulatory network was constructed. In addition, targeted therapeutic drugs against MMD-related genes were obtained by the Cmap drug prediction method: MST-312, bisacodyl, indirubin, and tropanyl-3,5-dimethylbenzoate. These results suggest that the PANoptosis-related genes may contribute to the pathogenesis of MMD through multiple mechanisms.

Investigative biological therapies for primary Sjögren's syndrome.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth. The histological feature is mononuclear cell infiltration in exocrine glands, primarily salivary and lachrymal glands. As the disease progresses, some other tissues and organs may be involved and extraglandular manifestations ensue. The major current treatments are palliative and empirical, and in most cases the outcomes are not satisfactory. Emerging data indicate a critical role of lymphocytes in its development and progression. While pioneering work targeting B cells has demonstrated some encouraging results, more trials are warranted to validate the safety and efficacy. In addition, modulation of T cell function with abatacept ameliorates the severity of pSS. Furthermore, clinical trials to inhibit important cytokines involved in its formation have been carried out. In this article, we summarize and compare current biological therapies in order to find new and effective treatments for pSS.

Optimizing health resource allocation for improving timely HIV diagnosis in China.

INTRODUCTION: The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) updated the 95-95-95 targets for the HIV endgame in 2030. To achieve the first target in a timely manner, we investigate the optimized strategy of resource allocation to maximize timely HIV diagnosis in 14 populations in China. METHODS: We developed a mathematical model by integrating epidemiological, demographical and behavioural data from 12 high-risk and two general populations to evaluate the impact of various resource allocation strategies of HIV testing on HIV incidence in China. We identified the optimized allocation strategy that maximizes the number of HIV diagnoses at an estimated total spending on HIV tests in China and calculated the per-capita cost of new HIV case detection. RESULTS: We estimated that 144,795 new HIV cases may occur annually in 14 populations in China, with a total annual spending of US$2.8 billion on HIV testing. The largest proportion of spending was allocated to general males (44.0%), followed by general females (42.6%) and pregnant women (5.1%). Despite this allocation strategy, only 45.5% (65,867/144,795, timely diagnosis rate) of annual new infections were diagnosed within a year of acquisition, with a cost of $42,852 required for each new HIV case detection. By optimizing the allocation of HIV testing resources within the same spending amount, we found that general females received the highest proportion of spending allocation (45.1%), followed by low-risk men who have sex with men (13.9%) and pregnant women (8.4%). In contrast, the proportion of spending allocation for the general males decreased to 0.2%. With this optimized strategy, we estimated that 120,755 (83.4%) of annual new infections would be diagnosed within a year of acquisition, with the cost required for one HIV case detection reduced to $23,364/case. Further spending increases could allow for significant increases in HIV testing among lower-risk populations. CONCLUSIONS: Optimizing resource allocation for HIV testing in high-risk populations would improve HIV timely diagnosis rate of new infections and reduce cost per HIV case detection.

Serum proteome analysis identifies a potential biomarker for axial psoriatic arthritis.

BACKGROUND: To identify potential serum biomarkers for differentiating between axial psoriatic arthritis (axPsA) and peripheral psoriatic arthritis (pPsA). METHODS: Serum samples were collected from patients with PsA to create a biomarker discovery cohort and a verification cohort. Patients with PsA were classified into axial or peripheral subtypes based on imaging criteria. Untargeted proteomics technology was used in the discovery phase to screen for biomarkers, and candidate biomarkers were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the verification phase. RESULTS: We identified 45 significantly differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between axPsA (n = 20) and pPsA (n = 20) with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Among these DEPs, serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was identified as a candidate biomarker using the Boruta algorithm and lasso regression. Results of ELISA further confirmed that the level of serum PEDF expression was significantly higher in axPsA (n = 37) than in pPsA (n = 51) at the verification cohort (37.9 ± 10.1 vs. 30.5 ± 8.9 µg/mL, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analysis showed that PEDF had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72. Serum PEDF was positively correlated with body mass index and C-reactive protein. Additionally, there was a tendency towards a positive correlation between PEDF and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. CONCLUSIONS: This study provided a comprehensive characterization of the proteome in axPsA and pPsA and identified a candidate biomarker, PEDF, that may contribute to early diagnosis for axPsA.

Evaluation of cerebrovascular reactivity in moyamoya disease using oxygen-dependent magnetic resonance imaging.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disorder marked by progressive stenosis of the internal carotid arteries. Assessing cerebral hemodynamics, specifically cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), is vital for MMD management and prognosis. In this study, fMRI was performed in a prospective cohort of 47 patients with MMD and 32 healthy controls to investigate its utility in evaluating CVR and to explore the influence of cerebral posterior circulation compensation on CVR in MMD. The regions where the CVR values of participants with MMD were lower than those of healthy controls were primarily concentrated in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes (p < 0.05). In certain regions mainly supplied by posterior circulation, the CVR values of compensatory-normal subgroup tended to exceed those of compensatory-poor subgroup. fMRI can detect a significant decrease in CVR values in patients with MMD compared to healthy controls. Compensation for the posterior cerebral circulation may affect cerebrovascular reactivity.

Effects of strain and thickness on the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of Cu2Te.

Two-dimensional transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have attracted considerable attention because of their exceptional photoelectric properties, finding applications in diverse fields such as photovoltaics, lithium-ion batteries, catalysis, and energy conversion and storage. Recently, experimentally fabricated monolayers of semiconducting Cu2Te have emerged as intriguing materials with outstanding thermal and photoelectric characteristics. In this study, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of monolayer Cu2Te exhibiting both λ and ζ structures, considering the effects of thickness and strain. The calculations reveal the robust mechanical stability of λ-Cu2Te and ζ-Cu2Te under varying thickness and strain conditions. By applying -5% to +5% strain, the band gaps can be modulated, with ζ-Cu2Te exhibiting an indirect-to-direct transition at a biaxial strain of +5%. In addition, a semiconductor-to-metal transition is observed for both ζ-Cu2Te and λ-Cu2Te with increasing thickness. The absorption spectra of λ-Cu2Te and ζ-Cu2Te exhibit a redshift with an increase in the number of layers. These computational insights into Cu2Te provide valuable information for potential applications in nano-electromechanical systems, optoelectronics, and photocatalytic devices and may guide subsequent experimental research efforts.

Sex-specific differences in patients with psoriatic arthritis:a nationwide study from the Chinese Registry of Psoriatic Arthritis (CREPAR IV).

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the sex-specific differences in demographic features, clinical characteristics, and quality of life in Chinese patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: A total of 1,074 patients with PsA registered between December 2018 and June 2021 from the Chinese REgistry of Psoriatic ARthritis (CREPAR) cohort were selected. The baseline data on demographics, clinical characteristics, commonly used laboratory tests, comorbidities, and quality of life assessments were collected for this cross-sectional analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,074 patients were included in this study, 585 (54.47%) of them were male and 489 (45.53%) were female. The age at PsA onset in male patients was earlier than that in female patients (38.10 ± 12.79 vs 40.37 ± 13.41, p = 0.005). For clinical characteristics, male patients presented with higher rates of axial involvement (43.89% vs 37.74%, p = 0.044) and nail involvement (66.15% vs 58.08%, p = 0.006), while female patients presented with higher rates of peripheral arthritis (89.57% vs 83.93%, p = 0.007). For laboratory tests, men presented with a higher percentage of HLA-B27 positivity than women (24.65% vs 16.70%, p = 0.002) and had higher levels of CRP (median 9.70 vs 5.65, p < 0.001). Regarding disease assessment indices, male patients scored higher in PASI and BASFI (median 5.00 vs 3.00, p = 0.007 and 1.80 vs 1.40, p = 0.012, respectively). No sex difference was found in rates of achieving remission. Factors associated with disease remission were also analyzed in both sexes. CONCLUSION: Demographic and clinical characteristics tend to vary between male and female patients with PsA. Male patients reported more functional limitations in daily life. Key Points • The demographic and clinical features vary greatly between male and female patients with PsA. • Male patients reported more functional burden in daily life as measured by BASFI.

Upregulated Cytoskeletal Proteins Promote Pathological Angiogenesis in Moyamoya Disease.

BACKGROUND: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare progressive vascular disease that leads to intracranial internal carotid artery stenosis and eventual occlusion. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of abnormally expressed proteins in the pathogenesis of MMD. METHODS: Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry identifies the differentially expressed proteins in MMD serum by detecting the serum from 60 patients with MMD and 20 health controls. The differentially expressed proteins were validated using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Immunofluorescence for superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery specimens was used to explore the morphological changes of vascular wall in MMD. In vitro experiments were used to explore the changes and mechanisms of differentially expressed proteins on endothelial cells. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis showed that a total of 14 726 peptides and 1555 proteins were quantified by mass spectrometry data. FLNA (filamin A) and ZYX (zyxin) proteins were significantly higher in MMD serum compared with those in health controls (Log2FC >2.9 and >2.8, respectively). Immunofluorescence revealed an intimal hyperplasia in superficial temporal artery and middle cerebral artery specimens of MMD. FLNA and ZYX proteins increased the proportion of endothelial cells in S phase and promoted their proliferation, angiogenesis, and cytoskeleton enlargement. Mechanistic studies revealed that AKT (serine/threonine kinase)/GSK-3ß (glycogen synthase kinase 3ß)/ß-catenin signaling pathway plays a major role in these FLNA- and ZYX-induced changes in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides proteomic data on a large sample size of MMD. The differential expression of FLNA and ZYX in patient with MMD and following in vitro experiments suggest that these upregulated proteins are related to the pathology of cerebrovascular intimal hyperplasia in MMD and are involved in MMD pathogenesis, with diagnostic and therapeutic ramifications.

Association between DIAPH1 variant and posterior circulation involvement with Moyamoya disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic and progressive cerebrovascular stenosis or occlusive disease that occurs near Willis blood vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutation of DIAPH1 in Asian population, and to compare the angiographic features of MMD patients with and without the mutation of the DIAPH1 gene. Blood samples of 50 patients with MMD were collected, and DIAPH1 gene mutation was detected. The angiographic involvement of the posterior cerebral artery was compared between the mutant group and the non-mutant group. The independent risk factors of posterior cerebral artery involvement were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. DIAPH1 gene mutation was detected in 9 (18%) of 50 patients, including 7 synonymous mutations and 2 missense mutations. However, the incidence of posterior cerebral artery involvement in mutation positive group was very higher than that in mutation negative group (77.8% versus 12%; p = 0.001). There is an association between DIAPH1 mutation and PCA involvement (odds ratio 29.483, 95% confidence interval 3.920-221.736; p = 0.001). DIAPH1 gene mutation is not a major genetic risk gene for Asian patients with moyamoya disease but may play an important role in the involvement of posterior cerebral artery.

RNA profiling of sEV (small extracellular vesicles)/exosomes reveals biomarkers and vascular endothelial dysplasia with moyamoya disease.

The association of exosomal RNA profiling and pathogenesis of moyamoya disease (MMD) and intracranial Atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is unknown. In this study, we investigated the RNA profiles of sEV (small extracellular vesicles)/exosomes in patients with MMD and ICAD. Whole blood samples were collected from 30 individuals, including 10 patients with MMD, 10 patients with ICAD, and 10 healthy individuals. Whole transcriptome analysis was performed using the GeneChip WT Pico Reagent kit. Transcriptional correlation was verified using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between functional dysregulation and candidate RNAs was studied in vitro. In total, 1,486 downregulated and 2,405 upregulated RNAs differed significantly between patients with MMD and healthy controls. Differential expression of six circRNAs was detected using qPCR. Among these significantly differentially expressed RNAs, IPO11 and PRMT1 circRNAs were upregulated, whereas CACNA1F circRNA was downregulated. This is the first study showing that the differential expression of exosomal RNAs associated with MMD pathogenesis, such as overexpression of IPO11 and PRMT1 circRNAs, may be related to angiogenesis in MMD. The downregulation of CACNA1F circRNA may be related to vascular occlusion. These results propose the utility of exosomal RNAs as biological markers in MMD.

Global Diabetes Prevalence in COVID-19 Patients and Contribution to COVID-19- Related Severity and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 and diabetes both contribute to large global disease burdens. PURPOSE: To quantify the prevalence of diabetes in various COVID-19 disease stages and calculate the population attributable fraction (PAF) of diabetes to COVID-19-related severity and mortality. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review identified 729 studies with 29,874,938 COVID-19 patients. STUDY SELECTION: Studies detailed the prevalence of diabetes in subjects with known COVID-19 diagnosis and severity. DATA EXTRACTION: Study information, COVID-19 disease stages, and diabetes prevalence were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pooled prevalence of diabetes in stratified COVID-19 groups was 14.7% (95% CI 12.5-16.9) among confirmed cases, 10.4% (7.6-13.6) among nonhospitalized cases, 21.4% (20.4-22.5) among hospitalized cases, 11.9% (10.2-13.7) among nonsevere cases, 28.9% (27.0-30.8) among severe cases, and 34.6% (32.8-36.5) among deceased individuals, respectively. Multivariate metaregression analysis explained 53-83% heterogeneity of the pooled prevalence. Based on a modified version of the comparative risk assessment model, we estimated that the overall PAF of diabetes was 9.5% (7.3-11.7) for the presence of severe disease in COVID-19-infected individuals and 16.8% (14.8-18.8) for COVID-19-related deaths. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that countries with high income levels, high health care access and quality index, and low diabetes disease burden had lower PAF of diabetes contributing to COVID-19 severity and death. LIMITATIONS: Most studies had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes increases with COVID-19 severity, and diabetes accounts for 9.5% of severe COVID-19 cases and 16.8% of deaths, with disparities according to country income, health care access and quality index, and diabetes disease burden.

A 90-Day Prognostic Model Based on the Early Brain Injury Indicators after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: the TAPS Score.

This study aimed to establish a new scoring model based on the early brain injury (EBI) indicators to predict the 90-day functional outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We retrospectively enrolled 825 patients and prospectively enrolled 108 patients with aSAH who underwent surgical clipping or endovascular coiling (derivation cohort = 640; validation cohort = 185; prospective cohort = 108) in our institute. We established a logistic regression model based on independent risk factors associated with 90-day unfavorable outcomes. The discrimination of the prognostic model was assessed by the area under the curve in a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test and a calibration plot were used to evaluate the calibration of the prediction model. The developed scoring model named "TAPS" (total score, 0-7 points) included the following admission variables: age > 55 years old, WFNS grade of 4-5, mFS grade of 3-4, Graeb score of 5-12, white blood cell count > 11.28 × 109/L, and surgical clipping. The model showed good discrimination with the area under the curve in the derivation, validation, and prospective cohorts which were 0.816 (p < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.77-0.86), 0.810 (p < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.73-0.90), and 0.803 (p < 0.001, 95%CI = 0.70-0.91), respectively. The model also demonstrated good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test: X2 = 1.75, df = 8, p = 0.988). Compared with other predictive models, TAPS is an easy handle tool for predicting the 90-day unfavorable outcomes of aSAH patients, which can help clinicians better understand the concept of EBI and quickly identify those patients at risk of poor prognosis, providing more positive treatment strategies. Trial registration: NCT04785976. Registered 5 March 2021-retrospectively registered, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov .

Teriparatide prevented synovial inflammation and cartilage destruction in mice with DMM.

AIM: Emerging data have demonstrated that low-grade inflammation in osteoarthritis, a long-held degenerative disease. The inflamed synovium produces various cytokines that induce cartilage destruction and joint pain. A previous study showed that teriparatide, an FDA approved anti-osteoporotic drug, may enhance cartilage repair. Our study focuses on its role in OA synovitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Primary mouse articular chondrocytes were used to determine the most potent cytokines involved in OA inflammation and cartilage destruction. A destabilization of the medial meniscus mouse model was established to investigate the effect of teriparatide in OA, particularly, on synovial inflammation and cartilage degradation. RESULTS: In vitro experiments showed that TNF-α was the most potent inducer of cartilage matrix-degrading enzymes, and that teriparatide antagonized the TNF-α of effect. Consistently, articular cartilage samples from TNF-α transgenic mice contained more MMP-13 positive chondrocytes than those from wild type mice. In addition, more type II collagen was cleaved in human OA cartilage than in normal cartilage samples. CONCLUSIONS: Teriparatide can prevent synovitis and cartilage degradation by suppressing TNF-α mediated MMP-13 overexpression. Together with its chondroregenerative capability, teriparatide may be the first effective disease modifying osteoarthritis drug.

Application of DTI and fMRI in moyamoya disease.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic and progressive cerebrovascular stenosis or occlusive disease that occurs near Willis blood vessels. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are used to detect the microstructure of white matter and the function of gray matter, respectively. The damage of these structures will lead to the change of cognitive level in patients with moyamoya disease. In this paper, the principles of DTI and fMRI, their applications and challenges in moyamoya disease are reviewed.

Pre-Operative Predictors for Post-Operative Pneumonia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage After Surgical Clipping and Endovascular Coiling: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Objective: Postoperative pneumonia (POP) is one of the major complications after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) associated with postoperative mortality, prolonged hospitalization, and increased medical cost. Early recognition of pneumonia and more aggressive management may improve patient outcomes. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients with aSAH who were admitted to our institution between January 2015 and December 2020. Baseline clinical characteristics, imaging data, and inflammatory biomarkers were reviewed. The risk factors derived from multivariate logistic regression of surgical clipping (SC) and endovascular coiling (EC) were analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to calculate each independent predictor's prediction ability. Results: A total of 843 patients were enrolled. Compared with patients in the EC group, the incidence of POP was higher in the SC group [143/414 (34.54%) vs. 114/429 (26.57%), p = 0.015]. In the EC group, multivariate analysis revealed that age [p = 0.001; odds ratio (OR) = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02-1.07], posterior circulation aneurysms (p = 0.021; OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.14-3.83), higher neutrophil (NEUT; p < 0.001; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.06-1.21), World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade 4 or 5 (p < 0.001; OR = 4.84, 95% CI = 2.67-8.79), modified Fisher Scale (mFS) grade 3 or 4 (p = 0.022; OR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.15-5.89), and acute hydrocephalus (p = 0.048; OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.01-3.00) were independent risk factors for POP. In the SC group, multivariate analysis revealed that age (p = 0.015; OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.05), WFNS grade 4 or 5 (p = 0.037; OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.03-3.00), heart disease (p < 0.001; OR = 5.02, 95% CI = 2.03-12.45), higher white blood cell (WBC; p < 0.001; OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.07-1.20), and mFS grade 3 or 4 (p = 0.019; OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.15-4.77) were independent risk factors for POP. Conclusion: Patients treated with SC are more likely to develop POP. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation of patients may help physicians to better predict POP and implement preventive measures to improve outcomes.

The effect of sex differences on complications and 90-day outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a propensity score-matched analysis.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is the most devastating form of stroke. Up to now, little is known about the effect of sex differences on complications and outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed aSAH patients admitted to our institution between January 2015 and December 2020. The functional outcomes at discharge and 90 days after discharge were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Baseline characteristics, in-hospital complications, and outcomes were compared after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). The area under the curve (AUC) in the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was calculated to measure each independent risk factor's prediction ability. A total of 833 patients were included. After PSM, 109 male patients were compared with 109 female patients. Female patients had a higher incidence of anemia (47/109 [43.1%] vs. 30/109 [27.5%], p = 0.016) than male patients, while male patients had a higher incidence of pneumonia (36/109 [33.0%] vs. 19/109 [17.4%], p = 0.008) than female patients. No significant differences were found in the rate of unfavorable outcomes at discharge and 90-day outcomes (40/109 [36.7%] vs. 50/109 [45.9%], p = 0.169; 15/109 [13.8%] vs. 19/107 [17.8%], p = 0.420) between female and male patients. Pneumonia (AUC = 0.749, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.623-0.875, p < 0.001) and anemia (AUC = 0.753, 95% CI = 0.632-0.873, p = 0.002) showed good ability to predict 90-day unfavorable outcomes in male and female patients, respectively. Female patients had a higher incidence of anemia but a lower incidence of pneumonia during hospitalization. However, differences in in-hospital complications did not result in differences in outcomes between women and men. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04785976. 2021/03/05, retrospectively registered.

Exploring the Association Between History of Psoriasis (PSO) and Disease Activity in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA).

INTRODUCTION: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a common inflammatory disease affecting the peripheral and axial skeleton. History of psoriasis (PSO), either personal or family history, is an important factor in the diagnosis of PsA. We investigated the association between history of PSO and clinical characteristics of PsA. METHODS: PsA patients were consecutive recruited from 2019 to 2020. These patients were subjected to clinical, biochemical, and radiographic examinations, and disease activity was evaluated. Continuous and categorical variables analyses were presented. RESULTS: All registered patients (296 cases) met the classification criteria of PsA. They were divided into three groups based on the history of psoriasis (PSO), as: (1) 145 patients with PSO themselves (pPsA); (2) 96 patients with family history of PSO (fPsA); (3) 55 patients with family history and coexisting PSO themselves (fPsA/PSO). Compared to fPsA/PSO, the levels of CRP, ESR, uric acid, DAPSA, BASDAI, ASDAS, and BASFI were lower in fPsA, but similar to pPsA. The severity of sacroiliitis tended to be more severe in fPsA/PSO than fPsA (OR2 vs. 3 0.508; 95% CI 0.272 to 0.949, p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in HLA-B-27 and common inflammatory articular and extra-articular manifestations among the three groups. Furthermore, there were no differences in LEI, TJC, SJC, and DAS28CRP. Interestingly, a correlation was found between the ages of individuals with PSO and the onset of arthritis, and the earliest arthritis onset occurred in fPsA/PSO patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that currently existing cutaneous lesions in patients themselves are correlated with disease activity and severity of axial joint damage, whereas family history does not have an evident impact on the disease activity of PsA.