[Associations between different levels of blood pressure and risk of prediabetes].

Objective: To explore sex and rural-urban differences in the associations of different blood pressure levels with the risk of prediabetes. Methods: We used a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method to investigate 21 637 residents aged ≥18 years from 10 survey areas in Hubei province in 2020. The data on questionnaire, physical measurements, and laboratory indicators of the participants were collected. The associations of different blood pressure levels with risk of prediabetes by sex and regions were analyzed using multivariate logistic regressions after complex weighting. Results: A total of 16 111 subjects were included. The prevalence (95%CI) of prediabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and IFG complicated with IGT were 25.1% (14.4%-35.9%), 12.7% (3.2%-22.1%), 8.1% (6.3%-9.8%), and 4.4% (2.3%-6.5%), respectively. After multivariate adjustment, the risk of prediabetes, IFG, IGT, and IFG complicated with IGT increased with the increment of blood pressure (both P for trend <0.05). The positive dose-response relationships between blood pressure levels and risk of prediabetes were also significant among male, urban, and rural residents (both P for trend <0.05), and the interactions between sex and blood pressure showed significant associations for risk of prediabetes and IGT (both P for interaction <0.05). Conclusions: Higher blood pressure levels were associated with an increased risk of prediabetes. The association with prediabetes was stronger in males, but no significant difference was found between urban and rural residents. More distinctive and effective prevention and control strategies should be developed for different populations.

Gout in China, 1990-2017: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to estimate the gout burden and risk factors in China from 1990 to 2017. STUDY DESIGN: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study uses various analytical tools and a diverse set of data sources to generate comparable estimates of deaths and mortality rates broken down by age, sex, cause, year, and geography. METHODS: We used the results from the GBD Study 2017 to compare disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of gout in China. The median of the percentage change and 95% uncertainty intervals were determined for the period between 1990 and 2017. RESULTS: The age-standardized DALY rate, prevalence, and incidence increased 6.92%, 6.88%, and 6.16%, respectively, in China from 1990 to 2017. Although the rates of gout both globally and in China were increasing, the range of change for males in China was larger than that of the global level. All risk factors combined accounted for 30.04% of gout DALYs in 2017. The leading risk factors for gout DALYs were high body mass index and impaired kidney function, and the proportion of high body mass index increased significantly from 10.67% to 24.31%, whereas the proportion of impaired kidney function remained basically unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The age-standardized DALY rate, prevalence, and incidence in China have increased progressively since 1990. Increasing attention on body weight management should be prioritized for controlling the rising prevalence of gout in the young and middle-aged population.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths, disability-adjusted life years, and risk factors in Hubei province of mid-China, 1990-2015: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.

OBJECTIVES: The trends of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality and prevalence from 1990 to 2015 in Hubei province of mid-China remain unknown. We used findings from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study to estimate the COPD burden and attributable to risk factors in Hubei province of China from 1990 to 2015. STUDY DESIGN: The GBD study uses various analytical tools and a diverse set of data sources to generate comparable estimates of deaths and mortality rates broken down by age, sex, cause, year, and geography. METHODS: Data were extracted from the GBD 2015 study. Statistical models were used to produce comprehensive results of COPD deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost, years lived with a disability, and attributable to risk factors in Hubei. The median of the percent change and 95% uncertainty intervals were determined for the period between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS: In 2015, there were 37,144 deaths from COPD in Hubei, accounting for 10.05% of the total deaths in Hubei. The age-standardized COPD death rate was reduced by 60.28% from 188.67 per 100,000 (in 1990) to 74.94 per 100,000 (in 2015). The age-standardized prevalence decreased from 4.30% (1990) to 2.85% (2015). By 2015, the leading risk factors for all ages COPD DALYs were smoking and ambient particulate matter pollution, accounting for 44.69% and 32.91%, respectively. The proportion of ambient ozone pollution was increasing steadily each year since 1990. CONCLUSION: Hubei has made substantial progress in reducing the mortality due to COPD since 1990, but the absolute number of COPD cases is increasing steadily, given the population growth and aging. The increasing contribution from smoking, ambient particulate matter pollution, and ambient ozone pollution should require growing attention.