[Effect of total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf on myocardial cell apoptosis and Wnt/ß-catenin/PPARγ pathway in arrhythmic rats].

This paper aimed to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf on myocardial cell apoptosis and Wnt/ß-catenin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ) pathway in arrhythmic rats. SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, a low-dose(20 mg·kg~(-1)) group of total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf, a medium-dose(40 mg·kg~(-1)) group of total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf, a high-dose(80 mg·kg~(-1)) group of total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf, a propranolol hydrochloride(2 mg·kg~(-1)) group, with 12 rats in each group. Except the control group, rats in other groups were prepared as models of arrhythmia by sublingual injection of 1 mL·kg~(-1) of 0.002% aconitine. After grouping and intervention with drugs, the arrhythmia, myocardial cells apoptosis, myocardial tissue glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), catalase(CAT), malondialdehyde(MDA), serum interleukin-6(IL-6), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) levels, myocardial tissue apoptosis, and Wnt/ß-catenin/PPARγ pathway-related protein expression of rats in each group were measured. As compared with the control group, the arrhythmia score, the number of ventricular premature beats, ventricular fibrillation duration, myocardial cell apoptosis rate, MDA levels in myocardial tissues, serum IL-6 and PGE2 levels, Bax in myocardial tissues, and Wnt1 and ß-catenin protein expression levels increased significantly in the model group, whereas the GSH-Px and CAT levels, and Bcl-2 and PPARγ protein expression levels in myocardial tissues reduced significantly. As compared with the model group, the arrhythmia score, the number of ventricular premature beats, ventricular fibrillation duration, myocardial cell apoptosis rate, MDA leve in myocardial tissues, serum IL-6 and PGE2 levels, Bax in myocardial tissues, and Wnt1 and ß-catenin protein expression levels reduced in the drug intervention groups, whereas the GSH-Px and CAT levels and Bcl-2 and PPARγ protein expression levels in myocardial tissues increased. The groups of total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf were in a dose-dependent manner. There was no significant difference in the levels of each index in rats between the propranolol hydrochloride group and the high-dose group of total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf. The total flavonoids of buckwheat flower and leaf inhibit the activation of Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, up-regulate the expression of PPARγ, reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in myocardial tissues of arrhythmic rats, reduce myocardial cell apoptosis, and improve the symptoms of arrhythmia in rats.

Hepatic Resection Versus Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Plus Transhepatic Arterial Chemoembolization for Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Propensity Score Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There are no comparative studies on the efficacy of hepatic resection (HR) and CyberKnife stereotactic body radiation therapy (CK-SBRT) plus transhepatic arterial chemotherapy embolization (TACE) in the treatment of large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, this study aimed to compare the efficacy of HR and CK-SBRT+TACE in large HCC. METHODS: A total of one hundred and sixteen patients were selected from November 2011 to December 2016. Among them, 50 were allocated to the CK-SBRT+TACE group and 66 were allocated to the HR group. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied to calculate overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates. Propensity score matching was performed to control for baseline differences between the groups. RESULTS: Thirty-six paired patients were selected from the CK-SBRT+TACE and HR groups. After propensity score matching, the 1-, 2- and 3-year OS rates were 83.3%, 77.8% and 66.7% in the HR group and 80.6%, 72.2% and 52.8% in the CK-SBRT+TACE group, respectively. The 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS rates were 71.6%, 57.3% and 42.3% in the HR group and 66.1%, 45.8% and 39.3% in the CK-SBRT+TACE group, respectively (OS: p=0.143; PFS: p=0.445). Both a high platelet count and low alpha-fetoprotein value were revealed as influencing factors in improving OS and PFS. CONCLUSIONS: CK-SBRT+TACE brought local effects that were similar to those of HR in HCC patients with a large and single lesion. Moreover, the liver injury occurrence rate was acceptable in both groups.

Molecular characteristics and risk factor analysis of Staphylococcus aureus colonization put insight into CC1 colonization in three nursing homes in Shanghai.

Research indicates that Staphylococcus aureus colonization in the elderly with predisposing risks is associated with subsequent infection. However, the molecular epidemiology and risk factors for S. aureus colonization among residents and staff in nursing homes (NHs) in China remain unclear. A multicenter study was conducted in three NHs in Shanghai between September 2019 and October 2019. We explored the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and risk factors for S. aureus colonization. All S. aureus isolates were characterized based on antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), staphylococcus protein A (spa) typing, and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing. NH records were examined for potential risk factors for S. aureus colonization. S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates were detected in 109 (100 residents and 9 staff, 19.8%, 109/551) and 28 (24 residents and 4 staff, 5.1%, 28/551) subjects among 496 residents and 55 staff screened, respectively. Compared to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, all 30 MRSA isolates had higher resistance rates to most antibiotics except minocycline, rifampicin, linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin. Sequence type (ST) 1 (21.3%) was the most common sequence type, and t127 (20.5%) was the most common spa type among 122 S. aureus isolates. SCCmec type I (70%) was the dominant clone among all MRSA isolates. CC1 (26/122, 21.3%) was the predominant complex clone (CC), followed by CC398 (25/122, 20.5%), CC5 (20/122, 16.4%) and CC188 (18/122, 14.8%). Female sex (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.04-2.79; P = 0.036) and invasive devices (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.26-3.81; P = 0.006) were independently associated with S. aureus colonization.

The effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy on peripheral natural killer and CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Both natural killer (NK) and CD3+CD56+natural killer T (NKT)-like cells play critical roles in the antitumor response. This study aimed to explore the effects of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on peripheral NK and NKT-like cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to identify possible surface markers on these cells that correlate with the prognosis. METHODS: Twenty-five HCC patients were prospectively enrolled in our study, and 10 healthy individuals were served as healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to determine the counts and the percentages of peripheral NK and NKT-like cells, cells with certain receptors, and cells with intracellular interferon-γ and TNF-α secretion at different time points, including time points of prior to SBRT, at post-SBRT, and 3-month and 6-month after treatment. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was applied for survival analysis. RESULTS: The peripheral NKT-like cells was increased at post-SBRT. Meanwhile, elevated levels of inhibitory receptors and reduced levels of activating receptors of NK cells were also observed in NK cells at post-SBRT, but the levels was not significantly different at 3-month and 6-month as compared with the baseline levels. Lower percentage of NKp30+NK cells before SBRT and higher percentage of CD158b+NK cells after SBRT were associated with poor progression-free survival. In addition, higher percentage of CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells was associated with a higher overall survival rate in HCC patients. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT has an apparent effect on both peripheral NK and CD3+CD56+NKT-like cells. Lower percentage of NKp30+NK cells before SBRT and higher percentage of CD158b+NK cells after SBRT are correlated with poor patients' PFS. Higher percentage of CD3+CD56+ NKT-like cells is associated with higher OS in HCC patients.

The efficacy and safety of methylprednisolone in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a prospective multi-center clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a severe condition with high mortality due to lack of efficient therapy. Until now, the use of methylprednisolone (MP) in HBV-ACLF is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MP in HBV-ACLF. METHODS: Totally 171 HBV-ACLF patients from three medical centers were randomly allocated into MP group (83 patients treated with MP intravenously guttae for 7 days plus standard treatment: 1.5 mg/kg/day [day 1-3], 1 mg/kg/day [day 4-5], and 0.5 mg/kg/day [day 6-7]) and control group (88 patients treated with standard treatment). The primary endpoints were 6-month mortality and prognostic factors for 6-month survival. The survival time, cause of death, adverse events, liver function, and HBV DNA replication were analyzed. RESULTS: The 6-month mortality was significantly lower in MP group than control group [32.4% vs. 42.5%, P = 0.0037]. MP treatment was an independent prognostic factor for 6-month survival [HR (95% CI) 0.547(0.308-0.973); P = 0.040]. Factors associated with reduced 6-month mortality in MP group included HBV DNA and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) (P < 0.05). Based on ROC curve, LMR+MELD had a better predictive value for prognosis of HBV-ACLF under MP treatment. No significant difference in HBV DNA replication was observed between groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MP therapy is an effective and safe clinical strategy in HBV-ACLF, increasing the 6-month survival rate. Clinical trials registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-TRC-13003113 registered on 16 March 2013.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy versus hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (≤ 5 cm): a propensity score analysis.

BACKGROUND: CyberKnife stereotactic body radiation therapy (CK-SBRT) has been applied to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients for several years. The study aim was to compare the efficacy of hepatic resection (HR) and CK-SBRT in naive small hepatocellular carcinoma (sHCC) patients with hepatitis virus-related cirrhosis using a 5-year follow-up study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 317 naive sHCC patients (246 men and 71 women) with hepatitis B or C virus cirrhosis who were treated with HR (n = 195) or CK-SBRT (n = 122) from November 2011 to December 2015. Cumulative overall survival (OS) rates and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: After the propensity score-matched analysis, 104 patients were selected from each group for further analysis. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 96.2%, 89.4%, 85.5% and 70.7% in the HR group and 93.3%, 89.4%, 83.7% and 71.0% in the CK-SBRT group, respectively. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year PFS rates were 78.8%, 64.3%, 56.4% and 47.3% in the HR group and 84.5%, 67.8%, 58.9% and 49.0% in the CK-SBRT group, respectively. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the OS and PFS rates (OS, p = 0.673; PFS, p = 0.350). No death occurred due to the toxicity or complications of HR or CK-SBRT. CONCLUSION: CK-SBRT could be an effective alternative to HR for sHCC naive patients with hepatitis-related cirrhosis, especially if patients have higher CP scores and lower PLT counts. PLT counts should be factored into survival evaluation of HCC treatment.

Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Adult Patients in Shanghai, China.

Background: The serotype and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in adult patients have changed due to the application of antimicrobials and H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine worldwide. However, the epidemiologic characteristics of H. influenzae in Shanghai are still unavailable. Objective: To determine the serotype distribution, antimicrobial resistance and multilocus sequence type (MLST) of H. influenzae in adult patients in Shanghai. Methods: A total of 51 clinical isolates from adult patients were consecutively collected. Serotypes were determined according to specific capsule gene, bexA, amplified by PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by the broth microdilution method. ß-lactamase production was detected by cefinase disk and the ftsI gene were amplified and sequenced to determine the penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) mutation. Molecular epidemiology was performed by MLST analyses. Results: All isolates studied were nontypeable H. influenzae (NTHi) and three of them (5.88%) caused invasive infection. The resistant rates of ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were both 45.10%. One third of these isolates produced TEM-1 type ß-lactamase and 11.76% were ß-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant strains (BLNAR). The PBP3 mutation was detected in 74.51% of the isolates, of which 12 belonged to group III. A total of 36 sequence types (STs) were identified among all isolates. Four isolates of ST103 (7.84%) all produced ß-lactamase without mutation of PBP3. Conclusion:H. influenzae infections among adults in Shanghai are predominately caused by NTHi with genetic diversity among adult patients. The prevalence of both ß-lactamase production and PBP3 mutation may contribute to high ampicillin resistance rate in Shanghai.

Synthesis and Neuroprotective Biological Evaluation of Quinazolinone Derivatives via Scaffold Hopping.

OBJECTIVE: To develop efficient method for the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives bearing different functional groups on ring A and ring B and evaluation as neuroprotective agents. METHODS: Synthetic route to quinazolinone derivatives was furnished by condensation/cyclocondensation/ reduction sequence of the activated N-acylbenzotriazoles. The structures of the targets compounds have been deduced upon their spectral data (1HNMR, 13CNMR and Mass spectroscopy). The neuroprotective activities of the synthesized compounds are also evaluated. RESULTS: Preliminary screening on a MPP+ induced SH-SY5Y cell injury model of the synthesized compounds resulted in four compounds (6q, 6r, 6u, and 8e) showed promising neural cell protection activities. The action mechanisms of these compounds on neuroprotection were then analyzed by docking and reverse docking modeling. CONCLUSION: A series of quinazolinone derivatives, including different substitution types on rings A and B were designed and synthesized via scaffold hopping. With the help of neuroprotective biological evaluation, several efficient therapeutic neuroprotective agents were found for further evaluation as drug candidate against neurodegenerative disorder.

Meta-analysis of coronary artery bypass graft surgery combined with stem cell transplantation in the treatment of ischemic heart diseases.

OBJECTIVE: The use of bone marrow cells (BMCs) to regenerate the myocardium and vessels is a new treatment for ischemic heart diseases (IHD) that has been receiving attention. In this study, a meta-analysis was used to analyze the efficacy of combining coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with BMC transplantation in the treatment of IHD. METHODS AND RESULTS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CNKI, WAN-FANG, and WEI-PU databases were searched. The main inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) studies that analyzed patients diagnosed with chronic IHD. (b) Studies that had randomized-controlled trials. (c) Studies that included research comparing the efficacy of CABG and CABG combined with bone BMC transplantation in the treatment of IHD. (d) Studies with specific enumeration data at the end of the follow-up with a follow-up time of at least 3 months. Nine randomized trials were included. There were 158 patients in the group that received the treatment of CABG surgery as well as stem cell transplantation, referred to as the 'cell transplantation group.' A total of 147 patients were in the group that only received the treatment of CABG surgery, referred to as the 'CABG group'. Our data show that not only did stem cell transplantation significantly improve left ventricular ejection fraction (odds ratio=11.7, 95% confidence interval: 4.04-19.36; P=0.003) but it also significantly reduced the left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: BMC transplantation is associated with a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction and the attenuation of left ventricular remodeling.

Comparison of four prognostic models and a new Logistic regression model to predict short-term prognosis of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure.

BACKGROUND: Acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACLF-HBV) is a clinically severe disease associated with major life-threatening complications including hepatic encephalopathy and hepatorenal syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term prognostic predictability of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), MELD-based indices, and their dynamic changes in patients with ACLF-HBV, and to establish a new model for predicting the prognosis of ACLF-HBV. METHODS: A total of 172 patients with ACLF-HBV who stayed in the hospital for more than 2 weeks were retrospectively recruited. The predictive accuracy of MELD, MELD-based indices, and their dynamic change (D) were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method. The associations between mortality and patient characteristics were studied by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The 3-month mortality was 43.6%. The largest concordance (c) statistic predicting 3-month mortality was the MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission (0.8), followed by the MELD: sodium ratio (MESO) (0.796) and integrated MELD (iMELD) (0.758) scores, DMELD (0.752), DMESO (0.729), and MELD plus sodium (MELD-Na) (0.728) scores. In multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the independent factors predicting prognosis were hepatic encephalopathy (OR = 3.466), serum creatinine, international normalized ratio (INR), and total bilirubin at the end of 2 weeks of admission (OR = 10.302, 6.063, 5.208, respectively), and cholinesterase on admission (OR = 0.255). This regression model had a greater prognostic value (c = 0.85, 95%CI 0.791 - 0.909) compared to the MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission (Z = 4.9851, P = 0.0256). CONCLUSIONS: MELD score at the end of 2 weeks of admission is a useful predictor for 3-month mortality in ACLF-HBV patients. Hepatic encephalopathy, serum creatinine, international normalized ratio, and total bilirubin at the end of 2 weeks of admission and cholinesterase on admission are independent predictors of 3-month mortality.

Survival and prognostic factors in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

AIM: To investigate the survival rates and prognostic factors in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). METHODS: Clinical data in hospitalized patients with HBV-ACLF admitted from 2006 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Their general conditions and survival were analyzed by survival analysis and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 190 patients were included in this study. The overall 1-year survival rate was 57.6%. Patients not treated with antiviral drugs had a significantly higher mortality [relative risk (RR) = 0.609, P = 0.014]. The highest risk of death in patients with ACLF was associated with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) (RR = 2.084, P =0.026), while other significant factors were electrolyte disturbances (RR = 2.062, P = 0.010), and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) (RR = 1.879, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Antiviral therapy has a strong effect on the prognosis of the patients with HBV-ACLF by improving their 1-year survival rate. HRS, electrolyte disturbances, and HE also affect patient survival.

[Comparison of MELD-Na versus MELDNa in the prediction of short-term prognosis for acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term prognostic values for the model of end-stage liver disease-sodium (MELD-Na), end-stage liver disease sodium (MELDNa) and their dynamic changes in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACLF-HBV). METHODS: A total of 172 patients diagnosed with ACLF-HBV, admitted between January 2007 to February 2009 and hospitalized for over 2 weeks, were retrospectively recruited. The predictive accuracy of MELD-Na, MELDNa and their dynamic change (Δ) was compared by the method of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: The 3-month mortality rate was 43.6%. The largest concordance (c) statistic predicting 3-month mortality was MELDNa score after a 2-week treatment (0.790), followed by MELD-Na (0.728) score, ΔMELDNa (0.713) and ΔMELD-Na (0.646). The average MELD-Na, MELDNa scores after a 2-week treatment and ΔMELD-Na, ΔMELDNa of survival group were 27.7 ± 8.9, 25.9 ± 5.0, -2.1 ± 10.0 and -1.9 ± 4.2 while those of dead group 34.6 ± 8.7, 31.5 ± 5.0, 2.4 ± 10.3 and 2.4 ± 10.3. There was significant difference in MELD-Na, MELDNa, ΔMELD-Na and ΔMELDNa between two groups. The 3-month mortality of the MELD-Na scores group < 25, 25 - 30, 30 - 35 and > 35 were 18.9%, 37.8%, 57.6% and 65.3% while the MELDNa scores group 14.6%, 33.3%, 72.5% and 84.2% respectively. There was significant difference in the 3-month mortality between four groups. The 3-month mortality of the ΔMELD-Na > 0 group was 58.5% while that of the ΔMELD-Na ≤ 0 group 30%; the 3-month mortality of the ΔMELDNa > 0 group was 61.3% while that of the ΔMELDNa ≤ 0 group 29.9%. There was significant difference between two groups. CONCLUSION: MELDNa score after a 2-week treatment is a promising and useful predictor for 3-month mortality in ACLF-HBV patients. The predictive value may further improve if in conjunctions with dynamic changes.

[The clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of senior patients with chronic hepatitis B].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in combination with bicyclol for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in seniors. METHODS: 96 senior patients with CHB were randomly divided into two groups, the treatment group and the control group. On the basis of routine liver protective treatment, patients in the treatment group received ADV (10 mg/d) and bicyclol tablets (25 mg, tid.) orally, and those in the control group were orally administrated ADV tablets (10 mg/d) only. The treatment course for both groups was 24 weeks. Serum ALT, AST, and alterations of virological parameters were observed before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Before and at the end of the 24 weeks treatment, ALT level for the treatment group was (208.44 +/- 94.22) and (34.47 +/- 12.79) U/L, and those for the control group was (205.73 +/- 96.48) and (44.20 +/- 21.96) U/L, respectively (difference between groups P < 0.01). At the end of the 24 weeks treatment, ALT normalization rates for the treatment group and the control group were 76.6% and 54.5%, respectively, and AST normalization rates for them were 76.6% and 54.5%, respectively (both differences between groups P < 0.05); HBV DNA loads for the treatment group and the control group were decreased by (3.1 +/- 1.40) lgIU/ml and (2.98 +/- 1.17) lgIU/ ml, respectively (difference between groups P > 0.05). The incidence rates of adverse events between two groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: It suggested that the treatment of ADV in combination with bicyclol for senior patients with CHB is effective and safe.

[The short-term efficacy of nucleoside analogue on the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the short-term efficacy of nucleoside analogue on the treatment of hepatitis B virus induced acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). METHODS: 348 patients with HBV-ACLF in our hospital from January 2006 to June 2008 were selected. According to the stages of patient's condition and whether or not with nucleoside analogue administration, The patients were divided into early stage therapy group, early stage control group, middle stage therapy group and middle stage control group. Groups were compared on the basis of stages. The clinical data were analyzed using chisquare test and independent-Samples T Test. RESULTS: After 2 weeks of therapy no significant difference found between the therapy group and the control group. the total bilirubin (TBil) and alanine transaminase (ALT) showed no significant difference between the middle stage therapy group and the control group in 4 weeks of therapy. However significant differences existed in the HBV DNA negative rate, PTA, the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and the improvement rate between the two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01). Only the 4 week survival rate and HBV DNA negative rate showed significant difference in patients who received anti-virus therapy on the early stage as compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Anti-virus therapy with nucleoside analogue is an effective way for the treatment of those patients with HBV-ACLF and can increase the survival rate.

[Association between HBV genotype and chronic/severe liver disease with HBV infection in Chinese patients].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between HBV genotype and chronic/severe liver disease with HBV infection in Chinese patients. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 2922 patients with HBV infection. HBV genotyping was performed with type-specific primers polymerase chain reaction, and the virological and biochemical markers were detected, which differences in the genotypes between various clinical types of HBV infection and liver function and virological markers between various HBV genotyping were analyzed. RESULTS: The genotype B, C, BC combinations, D of 2922 patients with HBV infection accounted for 15.9%, 83.5%, 0.41%, 0.21% respectively. The ratio of genotype B in acute hepatitis group was higher (P = 0.003), which the ratio of genotype C in the cirrhosis group and the hepatocellular carcinoma group was higher (P = 0.000, 0.000). The difference in ratio of genotype C was not statistically significant between acute-on-chronic liver failure group and chronic hepatitis group. HBeAg-positive rate, viral load and liver function markers of B, C genotype group in acute hepatitis group and chronic hepatitis group were not significant different. HBeAg-positive rates of genotype C in acute-on-chronic liver failure group, cirrhosis group, hepatocellular carcinoma group were higher than that of genotype B (P = 0.000, 0.024, 0.003). Viral load of genotype C in hepatocellular carcinoma group was higher than that of genotype B (P = 0.025). Cholinesterase levels of genotype C in the acute-on-chronic liver failure group and the hepatocellular carcinoma group was lower than that of genotype B (P = 0.0004, 0.02). CONCLUSION: There were HBV genotype B, C, B/C combinations and D in Chinese patients with HBV infection, with genotype B and C being the major ones. Compared with HBV genotype B, genotype C in Chinese patients with HBV infection was more likely to chronic infection, evolved to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, but genotype difference was not observed in occurrence of acute-on-chronic liver failure. Genotype was not significant effect in acute and chronic hepatitis B, but HBeAg-positive rate/viral load was higher and liver damage was more severe in severe and end-stage genotype C HBV infection patients.

[Lamivudine and entecavir significantly improved the prognosis of early-to-mid stage hepatitis B related acute on chronic liver failure].

OBJECTIVE: To clinically study the antiviral effects of lamivudine and entecavir on patients with early-to-mid stage Hepatitis B related acute on chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). METHODS; A prospective, randomized, open and parallel controlled clinical trial was designed to observe the antiviral effects of nucleoside analogues on patients with early-to-mid stage HBV-ACLF. Three groups were set for controlled study, i. e. basic treatment group, lamivudine plus basic treatment group and entecavir plus basic treatment group. RESULTS: One month after treatment, the improvement rates of lamivudine group and entecavir group were 58.85% and 59.15% respectively, significantly higher than that of basic treatment group which was 34.84% (Chi(2) = 9.8323, P = 0.043). By the end of six months, the cumulative survival rates of patients with the antiviral treatments, i.e., lamivudine, entecavir, were 65.8%, 60.1%, significantly higher than that (42%) without the antiviral treatment (P = 0.045, P = 0.04 respectively). The cumulative survival rate in patients with a MELD score < 30 was higher than that with a MELD score over 30 (Chi(2) = 3.920, P = 0.048). For the patients with pretreatment HBV DNA > or = 10(7), the cumulative survival rate in patients with entecavir treatments group was higher than that of patients in basic treatment group (Chi(2) = 5. 014 P= 0.025). According to the Ordinal Regression analysis, antiviral therapy by using either lamivudine or entecavia could significantly increase the improvement rate of patients with early-to-mid stage HBV-ACLF. But severe complications, including hepatorenal syndrome, electrolyte imbalance and hepatic encephalopathy, medical history of liver cirrhosis, and pretreatment HBV DNA > or = 10(7) had significant impacts on prognosis of this group patients. CONCLUSIONS: Antiviral therapy by using either lamivudine or entecavia could significantly increase the survival rate of patients with early-to-mid stage HBV-ACLF.

[Clinical features and prognostic analysis of 51 drug-induced case of liver failure].

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the understanding of drug-induced liver failure by analyzing the etiology, clinical features and prognosis associated factors of patients with drug-induced liver failure. METHODS: Fifty-one cases of drug-induced liver failure admitted to our hospital from 2002 - 2007 were reviewed according to their drug history, clinical features, Laboratory tests, complications and prognosis associated factors. RESULTS: The predominant etiological drugs were the traditional Chinese medicine (54.9%) and antitubercular agent (25.5%). Two predominant types of liver failure were acute liver failure (13.7%) and subacute liver failure (78.4%). The common complications were electrolyte disturbance, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. The total improvement rate in patients was 29.4%. The incidences of hepatic encephalopathy, electrolyte disturbance and PTA value had statistical difference between improvement group and ineffective group. CONCLUSION: The etiologies of drugs-induced liver failure are traditional Chinese medicine and antitubercular agent in China. The prognosis of drug-induced liver failure remains poor. During the therapy of these drugs treatment, liver function test should be monitored.

[Study on gene delivery via the bile duct to rat liver using naked DNA particles].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of gene delivery to the right lateral lobe of the rat liver via a branch of the bile duct using naked DNA. METHODS: We evaluated regional gene delivery to the right lateral lobe of the rat liver via a branch of the bile duct, using naked DNA, including pGL3, pCMV beta and Cy3 labeled CMV beta. RESULTS: Gene expression was observed in right lateral lobe of both the damaged and the normal rats liver. The gene delivery efficiency was similar in two groups (P > 0.05). Gene expression was found in the right lateral lobe of damaged and normal livers. Fluorescence was observed in the region of the portal triads, and occasionally, in the lobule. CONCLUSION: Retrograde infusion of naked DNA via the bile duct is an effective way to deliver genes to in both damaged and normal rat liver.

[Relativity analysis of chronic hepatitis B virus genotype and clinical pathology].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between chronic hepatitis B virus genotypes and clinical pathology. METHODS: HBV genotype was determined in 92 cases with chronic hepatitis B patients and the relationship between HBV genotypes and clinical, serological and histological data of the patients was analyzed. RESULTS: Sixteen cases were infected with HBV genotype B (17.4%), 71 with genotype C (77.2%), 3 with HBV classified as genotype B+C (3.2%) and in 2 (2.2%) cases HBV genotype was not confirmed. ALT level and HBV DNA load log value were (82.6+/-82) U/L, (84.7+/-71.5) U/L and (5.8+/-1.4), (5.9+/-1.5) respectively in genotypes B and C patients, in 8 cases of genotype C group liver cirrhosis was diagnosed, but no statistical significance was seen. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in clinical, serological or histological data were detected between genotypes B and C patients.