Functional and nonfunctional parathyroid carcinoma: two case reports and literature review.

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignant endocrine tumor. It can be divided into functional and non-functional types according to the tumor's ability to secrete parathyroid hormone. Herein, we present a case each of functional and nonfunctional PC. Case 1: Functional PC. The main clinical symptoms were high parathyroid hormone and hypercalcemia with bone injury and other complications. The mass was large, capsulated, and showed vascular invasion. The tumor was surgically removed, along with a part of the tracheal wall and recurrent laryngeal nerve that were invaded by the tumor. The ipsilateral and isthmus thyroid lobe and central lymph nodes were also removed. Medicines were given to lower blood calcium. The patient died 18 months after surgery because of severe pulmonary infection and tracheal stenosis. Case 2: Non-functional PC. The patient showed no obvious clinical symptoms, but physical examination revealed a thyroid nodule. Despite the small diameter, the mass still invaded the surrounding thyroid lobe, fat, and muscle tissue. Surgery was performed to remove the tumor and ipsilateral thyroid lobe and central lymph nodes. The patient survived without recurrence or metastasis. Thus, we believe that the prognosis of PC negatively correlates with the scope of surgery. Early surgery can improve patient prognosis, and physical examination is conducive to early detection of PC. Herein, we provide a description of the diagnostic workup and the treatment approach and review relevant studies. We summarize the clinicopathological characteristics of PC cases to provide evidence for early diagnosis and therapy, to improve patient prognosis.

LRP1 as a promising therapeutic target for gastrointestinal tumors: Inhibiting proliferation, invasion and migration of cancer cells.

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are the most common types of tumors worldwide. The lack of cancer biomarkers and targeted drug resistance are barriers to achieving effective cancer therapy. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a transmembrane protein that has multiple functions due to its ability to recognize different ligands; however, the role of LRP1 in GI cancer cells remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of LRP1 in GI tumors. The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to analyze the potential correlation between expression of LRP1 and prognosis in patients with GI cancer. Bioinformatics analysis was utilized and the expression of LRP1 was simultaneously validated in GI cancer at the cellular level through western blot experiments. LRP1 was expressed at high levels in HGC-27, HepG2 and BxPC-3 cells. LRP1 expression in GI cancer cells was knocked down using lentivirus-mediated shRNA and the effects on biological functions were observed. LRP1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, invasion and migration of GI cancer cells. LRP1 knockdown inhibited CD36 gene expression in HepG2 and BxPC-3 cells. LRP1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of GI cancer cells, suggesting that LRP1 may be a novel target for treatment of GI tumors.

Why time flies? The role of immersion in short video usage behavior.

Background: Short videos are becoming increasingly popular globally, and users are devoting more time to viewing them. However, few studies have examined the characteristics of short video content and the technical features that are related to media use. The present study developed a model to explore the influence of technological affordances on short video usage and considered innovation in terms of format, setting, and content. Method: A total of 496 viewers of short videos from China were surveyed. The participants completed 31 Likert-scale items. The study used maximum likelihood estimation modeling. Results: The results revealed that perceived novelty and content value (entertainment and irritation) affected immersion positively, consequently influencing intentions for reuse and recommendation. The ease of navigating an application, narrative structure, and information value had no significant effect on immersion. Conclusion: These findings have confirmed that perceived situation affordance and the affective affordance of short videos in digital environments that are managed by intelligent algorithms. It is necessary to analyze the potential impact of different affordances specifically.

Molecular structure, IgE binding capacity and gut microbiota of ovalbumin conjugated to fructose and galactose:A comparative study.

Ovalbumin (OVA) was modified by fructose (Fru) and galactose (Gal) to study the structure, IgG/IgE binding capacity and effects on human intestinal microbiota of the conjugated products. Compared with OVA-Fru, OVA-Gal has a lower IgG/IgE binding capacity. The reduction of OVA is not only associated with the glycation of R84, K92, K206, K263, K322 and R381 in the linear epitopes, but also with conformational epitope changes, manifested as secondary and tertiary structural changes caused by Gal glycation. In addition, OVA-Gal could alter the structure and abundance of gut microbiota at phylum, family, and genus levels and restore the abundance of bacteria associated with allergenicity, such as Barnesiella, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, and Collinsela, thereby reducing allergic reactions. These results indicate that OVA-Gal glycation can reduce the IgE binding capacity of OVA and change the structure of human intestinal microbiota. Therefore, Gal glycation may be a potential method to reduce protein allergenicity.

Theabrownin Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression and Tumor Growth of Lung Carcinoma through c-myc-Related Mechanism.

Green tea, the fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis, is not only a health-promoting beverage but also a traditional Chinese medicine used for prevention or treatment of cancer, such as lung cancer. Theabrownin (TB) is the main fraction responsible for the medicinal effects of green tea, but whether it possesses anti-cancer effect is unknown yet. This study aimed to determine the in vitro and in vivo anti-lung cancer effect of TB and explore the underlying molecular mechanism, by using A549 cell line and Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice. In cellular experiment, MTT assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effect and IC50 values of TB, and flow cytometry was conducted to analyze the cell cycle progression affected by TB. In animal experiment, mice body mass, tumor incidence, tumor size and tumor weight were measured, and histopathological analysis on tumor was performed with Transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining. Real time PCR and western blot assays were adopted to detect the expression of C-MYC associated genes and proteins for mechanism clarification. TB was found to inhibit A549 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner and block A549 cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Down-regulation of c-myc, cyclin A, cyclin D, cdk2, cdk4, proliferation of cell nuclear antigen and up-regulation of p21, p27, and phosphate and tension homolog in both gene and protein levels were observed with TB treatment. A c-myc-related mechanism was thereby proposed, since c-myc could transcriptionally regulate all other genes in its downstream region for G1/S transitions of cell cycle and proliferation of cancer cells. This is the first report regarding the anti-NSCLC effect and the underlying mechanism of TB on cell cycle progression and proliferation of A549 cells. The in vivo data verified the in vitro result that TB could significantly inhibit the lung cancer growth in mice and induce apoptosis on tumors in a dose-dependent manner. It provides a promising candidate of natural products for lung cancer therapy and new development of anti-cancer agent.