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1.
Vox Sang ; 102(1): 22-31, 2012 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21732948

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) still remains a significant problem in transfusion with potential important clinical consequences, including death. The International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases, Subgroup on Bacteria, organised an international study on Transfusion-Relevant Bacteria References to be used as a tool for development, validation and comparison of both bacterial screening and pathogen reduction methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four Bacteria References (Staphylococcus epidermidis PEI-B-06, Streptococcus pyogenes PEI-B-20, Klebsiella pneumoniae PEI-B-08 and Escherichia coli PEI-B-19) were selected regarding their ability to proliferate to high counts in PCs and distributed anonymised to 14 laboratories in 10 countries for identification, enumeration and bacterial proliferation in PCs after low spiking (0·3 and 0·03 CFU/ml), to simulate contamination occurring during blood donation. RESULTS: Bacteria References were correctly identified in 98% of all 52 identifications. S. pyogenes and E. coli grew in PCs in 11 out of 12 laboratories, and K. pneumoniae and S. epidermidis replicated in all participating laboratories. The results of bacterial counts were very consistent between laboratories: the 95% confidence intervals were for S. epidermidis: 1·19-1·32 × 10(7) CFU/ml, S. pyogenes: 0·58-0·69 × 10(7) CFU/ml, K. pneumoniae: 18·71-20·26 × 10(7) CFU/ml and E. coli: 1·78-2·10 × 10(7) CFU/ml. CONCLUSION: The study was undertaken as a proof of principle with the aim to demonstrate (i) the quality, stability and suitability of the bacterial strains for low-titre spiking of blood components, (ii) the property of donor-independent proliferation in PCs, and (iii) their suitability for worldwide shipping of deep frozen, blinded pathogenic bacteria. These aims were successfully fulfilled. The WHO Expert Committee Biological Standardisation has approved the adoption of these four bacteria strains as the first Repository for Transfusion-Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains and, additionally, endorsed as a project the addition of six further bacteria strain preparations suitable for control of platelet contamination as the next step of enlargement of the repository.


Assuntos
Plaquetas/microbiologia , Transfusão de Sangue , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Bancos de Espécimes Biológicos , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos , Plaquetas/citologia , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Humanos , Cooperação Internacional , Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolismo , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Staphylococcus epidermidis/metabolismo , Streptococcus pyogenes/metabolismo
2.
Transfusion ; 42(6): 774-9, 2002 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12147032

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: An automated bacterial culture system (BacT/ALERT 3D, bioMérieux) has been previously validated with a variety of bacteria in platelets. The recovery of bacteria in platelets using a new generation of culture bottles that do not require venting and that use a liquid emulsion sensor was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, Streptococcus viridans, and Propionibacterium acnes isolates were inoculated into Day 2 platelets to concentrations of 10 and 100 CFU per mL. Samples were then studied with current and new aerobic, anaerobic, and pediatric bottles. RESULTS: All organisms, except P. acnes, were detected in a mean time of 9.2 to 20.4 (10 CFU/mL) or 8.7 to 18.6 (100 CFU/mL) hours. P. acnes was detected in a mean time of 69.2 (10 CFU/mL) or 66.0 (100 CFU/mL) hours. The 10-fold increase in inoculum was associated with a mean 9.2 percent difference in detection time. The aerobic, anaerobic, and pediatric bottles had a mean difference in detection time (hours) between the current and new bottles of 0.10 (p=0.61), 0.4 (p=0.38), and 1.0 (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: No difference in detection time between the current and new aerobic and anaerobic bottles was demonstrated. The new pediatric bottles had a small but significant delay in detection.


Assuntos
Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/instrumentação , Plaquetas/microbiologia , Aerobiose , Automação , Bacillus cereus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Bacillus cereus/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Preservação de Sangue , Enterobacter cloacae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Enterobacter cloacae/isolamento & purificação , Desenho de Equipamento , Escherichia coli/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Klebsiella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Klebsiella/isolamento & purificação , Transfusão de Plaquetas , Propionibacterium acnes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Propionibacterium acnes/isolamento & purificação , Serratia marcescens/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Serratia marcescens/isolamento & purificação , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação
3.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 164(11): 2102-6, 2001 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11739142

RESUMO

The number of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients undergoing lung transplant has risen over the past decade, because of a clear-cut survival benefit. However, patients with Burkholderia cepacia complex are often excluded from transplantation because of increased mortality. To determine the influence of B. cepacia complex genomovar type on transplant outcome, we undertook a retrospective study in 121 CF patients transplanted at UNC. Twenty-one and three patients, respectively, were infected pre- or postoperatively with B. cepacia complex. All posttransplant acquisitions were successfully treated. However, excess mortality occurred over the first 6 postoperative months in those infected preoperatively with B. cepacia complex compared with those not infected (33% versus 12%, p = 0.01). The 1-, 3-, and 5-yr survival were significantly lower in the B. cepacia complex cohort. Of the patients infected preoperatively, genomovar III patients were at the highest risk of B. cepacia complex-related mortality (5 of 12 versus 0 of 8, one isolate not typed; p = 0.035). Each of the B. cepacia complex-related deaths was caused by a unique genotype as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. All isolates were negative for the cable pilin gene. These results warrant a multicenter analysis of B. cepacia complex-infected patients with genomovar-typing to confirm that genomovar III patients are at highest risk for post-transplant complications.


Assuntos
Infecções por Burkholderia/complicações , Infecções por Burkholderia/microbiologia , Burkholderia cepacia/genética , Fibrose Cística/complicações , Fibrose Cística/cirurgia , Transplante de Pulmão , Adulto , Criança , Contraindicações , Fibrose Cística/mortalidade , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Feminino , Proteínas de Fímbrias , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Genótipo , Humanos , Transplante de Pulmão/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Pulmão/mortalidade , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Seleção de Pacientes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sorotipagem , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
AJR Am J Roentgenol ; 173(2): 449-55, 1999 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10430152

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CT angiography with volume rendering for quantifying vascular stenoses in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vascular models with three degrees of stenosis (33%, 67%, and 83%) were imaged at three orientations to the axial plane (parallel, perpendicular, or 45 degrees ) using helical CT with 2-mm collimation and two pitches (1 or 2), two reconstruction intervals (1 or 2 mm), and two scan times (.75 or 1 sec). Diameter and percentage of stenosis were measured from volume renderings using full width at half maximum. Images were measured in two planes whenever resolution varied with direction. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Mean absolute error of the measured percentage of stenosis was 7% (range, 0-27%). The actual percentage of stenosis and vessel orientation had the most significant effects on accuracy (p < .001). The measured percentage of stenosis was significantly less accurate with phantoms parallel to the axial plane than with other orientations (p < .001). Mean absolute error in the measured percentage of stenosis was 4% when the parallel-to-the-axial-plane orientation was excluded. Overlapping (1-mm) reconstructions were significantly more accurate than 2-mm reconstructions (p < .05) and direction of measurement significantly affected accuracy (p < .05), but these effects were secondary. CONCLUSION: CT angiography with volume rendering can accurately quantify vascular stenoses, but it is less accurate for vessels in the axial plane. With 2-mm collimation, vessel characteristics have greater effects on accuracy than do acquisition parameters.


Assuntos
Angiografia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Análise de Variância , Angiografia/instrumentação , Angiografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Erros de Diagnóstico , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Imagens de Fantasmas/estatística & dados numéricos , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/instrumentação , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Radiographics ; 19(3): 745-64, 1999.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10336201

RESUMO

Three-dimensional (3D) medical images of computed tomographic (CT) data sets can be generated with a variety of computer algorithms. The three most commonly used techniques are shaded surface display, maximum intensity projection, and, more recently, 3D volume rendering. Implementation of 3D volume rendering involves volume data management, which relates to operations including acquisition, resampling, and editing of the data set; rendering parameters including window width and level, opacity, brightness, and percentage classification; and image display, which comprises techniques such as "fly-through" and "fly-around," multiple-view display, obscured structure and shading depth cues, and kinetic and stereo depth cues. An understanding of both the theory and method of 3D volume rendering is essential for accurate evaluation of the resulting images. Three-dimensional volume rendering is useful in a wide variety of applications but is just now being incorporated into commercially available software packages for medical imaging. Although further research is needed to determine the efficacy of 3D volume rendering in clinical applications, with wider availability and improved cost-to-performance ratios in computing, 3D volume rendering is likely to enjoy widespread acceptance in the medical community.


Assuntos
Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Algoritmos , Angiografia/métodos , Simulação por Computador , Apresentação de Dados , Humanos , Modelos Teóricos , Reconhecimento Automatizado de Padrão , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos , Radiografia Intervencionista/métodos , Software
6.
Radiology ; 211(2): 337-43, 1999 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10228511

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To compare results of helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography with real-time interactive volume rendering (VR) to CT angiography with maximum intensity projection (MIP) for the detection of renal artery stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients underwent both conventional and CT angiography of the renal arteries. Images were blindly reviewed after rendering with MIP and VR algorithms. MIP images were viewed in conjunction with axial CT images; VR models were evaluated in real time at the workstation without CT images. Findings in 50 main and 11 accessory renal arteries were categorized as normal or by degree of stenosis. RESULTS: All arteries depicted on conventional angiograms were visualized on MIP and VR images. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for MIP and VIR images demonstrated excellent discrimination for the diagnosis of stenosis of at least 50% (area under the ROC curve, 0.96-0.99). Although sensitivity was not significantly different for VR and MIP (89% vs 94%, P > .1), specificity was greater with VR (99% vs 87%, P = .008 to .08). Stenosis of at least 50% was overestimated with CT angiography in four accessory renal arteries, but three accessory renal arteries not depicted at conventional angiography were depicted at CT angiography. CONCLUSION: In the evaluation of renal artery stenosis, CT angiography with VR is faster and more accurate than CT angiography with MIP. Accessory arteries not depicted with conventional angiography were depicted with both CT angiographic algorithms.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Obstrução da Artéria Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia/métodos , Sistemas Computacionais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
7.
Infect Immun ; 67(4): 1922-8, 1999 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10085037

RESUMO

There is limited information concerning the nature and extent of the immune response to the virulence determinants of Yersinia pestis during the course of plague infection. In this study, we evaluated the humoral immune response of mice that survived lethal Y. pestis aerosol challenge after antibiotic treatment. Such a model may replicate the clinical situation in humans and indicate which virulence determinants are expressed in vivo. Immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were performed by using purified, recombinant antigens including F1, V antigen, YpkA, YopH, YopM, YopB, YopD, YopN, YopE, YopK, plasminogen activator protease (Pla), and pH 6 antigen as well as purified lipopolysaccharide. The major antigens recognized by murine convalescent sera were F1, V antigen, YopH, YopM, YopD, and Pla. Early treatment with antibiotics tended to reduce the immune response and differences between antibiotic treatment regimens were noted. These results may indicate that only some virulence factors are expressed and/or immunogenic during infection. This information may prove useful for selecting potential vaccine candidates and for developing improved serologic diagnostic assays.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Peste/imunologia , Yersinia pestis/imunologia , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Immunoblotting , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Camundongos , Ofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Peste/tratamento farmacológico , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio , Fatores de Tempo
8.
J Comput Assist Tomogr ; 22(6): 868-74, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9843223

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The goal of our study was to determine whether dual-phase spiral CT angiography with 3D volume rendering could be used for preoperative evaluation and patient selection for orthotopic liver transplantation candidates. METHOD: Fifty consecutive potential candidates for liver transplantation were evaluated with dual-phase spiral CT with 3D volume rendering. Intravenous contrast medium was administered as bolus peripheral injection at 3 ml/s. The protocol consisted of a contrast-enhanced dual-phase spiral CT (arterial phase acquisition at 30 s after initiation of contrast medium injection followed by portal venous phase beginning at 60 s) with scan parameters of 0.75 s gantry rotation speed, 3 mm collimation, 5 to 6 mm/s table speed, and reconstruction at 1 mm intervals for arterial-phase images and 3 mm collimation for portal venous-phase studies (Siemens Plus 4 scanner; Siemens Medical Systems, Iselin, NJ, U.S.A.). All scan information was sent to a free-standing workstation (Silicon Graphics Onyx or Infinite Reality, Mountain View, CA, U.S.A.) for interactive real-time 3D volume rendering using a customized version of the Volren volume renderer (Silicon Graphics; Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, U.S.A.). The arterial phase was used to create vascular maps of the celiac axis including the origin(s) of the hepatic artery and origin of the superior mesenteric artery. The portal phase was used to define portal venous patency as well as the hepatic venous anatomy. All images were analyzed for vascular patency, shunting, or collateralization as well as the status of the underlying liver (i.e., liver size, cirrhosis, tumor, etc.). RESULTS: All 50 studies were successfully completed without complication. The 3D CT angiograms defined key arterial and venous structures including origin(s) of the hepatic artery, portal vein and/or superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and/or other collateral vasculature. Ten patients (20%) demonstrated anomalous anatomy at the origin(s) of the hepatic artery. Portal vein thrombosis with cavernous transformation of the portal vein was shown in six patients, and there were three cases of partial venous thrombosis. Underlying liver tumors as well as parenchymal liver disease were well defined. Hepatic masses were found in five patients. Masses were pathologically proven as hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 1), giant cavernous hemangioma (n = 1), hepatic adenoma (n = 1), and focal nodular hyperplasia (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Preliminary results suggest that dual-phase spiral CT with CT angiography can provide a comprehensive preoperative liver transplant evaluation, supplying the necessary information for patient selection and surgical planning. As a single, minimally invasive examination, this should significantly impact patient care by minimizing procedures and avoiding potential complications.


Assuntos
Angiografia/métodos , Transplante de Fígado , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Seleção de Pacientes , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Contraindicações , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios
9.
J Digit Imaging ; 11(3): 151-7, 1998 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9718505

RESUMO

Volume visualization is gaining widespread acceptance in medical applications. As its use increases, the issue of accuracy becomes critical. There have been very few studies examining the accuracy of volume rendering techniques. We studied the accuracy of hardware-assisted volume rendering for measurement of arterial stenosis in computed tomography (CT) data. The results of our study reveal that accurate measurements can be made from volume rendered CT data. However, error is present (absolute average error from 5.1% to 13.6%) and there is some variability, even for experts (standard deviation ranged from 4.8% to 15%). The evidence suggests that the choice of volume rendering (transfer function) parameters greatly affects the accuracy of the results. Accurate transfer function parameter selection is a difficult problem. Parameters that produce realistic images often provide inaccurate measurements. As the use of volume visualization grows and more inexperienced users begin using these tools for medical diagnosis and staging, new guidelines, aids, and techniques must be developed to ensure reliable, accurate visualization results.


Assuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico por imagem , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Angiografia/métodos , Constrição Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Imagens de Fantasmas
10.
Vaccine ; 16(11-12): 1131-7, 1998 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9682370

RESUMO

The current human whole-cell vaccine is ineffective against pneumonic plague caused by typical F1 capsule positive (F1+) strains of Yersinia pestis. The authors found this vaccine to also be ineffective against F1-negative (F1-) Y. pestis strains, which have been isolated from a human case and from rodents. For these reasons, the authors developed a recombinant vaccine composed of a fusion protein of F1 with a second protective immunogen, V antigen. This vaccine protected experimental mice against pneumonic as well as bubonic plague produced by either an F1+ or F1- strain of Y. pestis, gave better protection than F1 or V alone against the F1+ strain, and may provide the basis for an improved human plague vaccine.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias , Cápsulas Bacterianas/imunologia , Peste/prevenção & controle , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas , Aerossóis , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Subcutâneas , Camundongos , Peso Molecular , Especificidade da Espécie
11.
Invest Radiol ; 33(6): 348-55, 1998 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9647447

RESUMO

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors develop a three-dimensional (3-D) deformable surface model-based segmentation scheme for abdominal computed tomography (CT) image segmentation. METHODS: A parameterized 3-D surface model was developed to represent the human abdominal organs. An energy function defined on the direction of the image gradient and the surface normal of the deformable model was introduced to measure the match between the model and image data. A conjugate gradient algorithm was adapted to the minimization of the energy function. RESULTS: Test results for synthetic images showed that the incorporation of surface directional information improved the results over those using only the magnitude of the image gradient. The algorithm was tested on 21 CT datasets. Of the 21 cases tested, 11 were evaluated visually by a radiologist and the results were judged to be without noticeable error. The other 10 were evaluated over a distance function. The average distance was less than 1 voxel. CONCLUSIONS: The deformable model-based segmentation scheme produces robust and acceptable outputs on abdominal CT images.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Rim/anatomia & histologia , Simulação por Computador , Humanos , Modelos Anatômicos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos
12.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 58(6): 793-9, 1998 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9660466

RESUMO

A single, subcutaneous, 30-microg dose of either a combination of the Yersinia pestis proteins F1+V or a F1-V fusion protein adsorbed to the adjuvant aluminum hydroxide, protected Hsd:ND4 mice for one year against pneumonic plague. The recombinant F1+V vaccine provided significant protection as early as day 14 postimmunization. The current Plague Vaccine USP in a single 0.2-ml dose did not provide significant protection in this mouse model. Antibody titers to F1 and V peaked at approximately 5-12 weeks postimmunization and were still detectable one year later. These F1 and V subunit vaccines may offer effective long-term immunity with a reduced dosage schedule when compared with the presently licensed, formalin-killed, whole-cell vaccine.


Assuntos
Vacina contra a Peste/normas , Peste/prevenção & controle , Yersinia pestis/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/biossíntese , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Camundongos , Vacina contra a Peste/administração & dosagem , Vacina contra a Peste/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/normas
13.
J Comput Assist Tomogr ; 22(2): 212-4, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9530381

RESUMO

Our purpose was to describe a technique for visualizing the inner contours of the vasculature using contrast enhanced spiral CT and volume rendering techniques. Because the technique is similar to using a camera to look inside vessels, we call this technique "virtual angioscopy." Preliminary results suggest virtual angioscopy using volumetric 3D rendering techniques as a potentially useful technique for the noninvasive evaluation of vascular pathology.


Assuntos
Angioscopia/métodos , Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Sistemas Computacionais , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Interface Usuário-Computador , Adulto , Idoso , Dissecção Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Angioscópios , Aneurisma da Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma da Aorta Torácica/diagnóstico por imagem , Meios de Contraste , Humanos , Iohexol , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/instrumentação
14.
Radiographics ; 18(1): 165-87, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9460115

RESUMO

Spiral computed tomographic (CT) data sets coupled with a real-time volume-rendering technique allow creation of accurate three-dimensional (3D) images that can be used for a wide range of clinical applications. The image contrast of and relative pixel attenuations in the final image can be interactively modified by the user in real time by manipulating trapezoidal transfer functions. Although 3D images are not required for diagnosis, they aid both radiologists and referring clinicians by demonstrating anatomic relationships and the extent of disease, particularly for vessels oriented in the z axis. Three-dimensional imaging of the vasculature and airway structures has many advantages, including the potential to obviate invasive procedures such as angiography and bronchoscopy. Clinical applications of volume rendering of spiral CT data include cardiovascular imaging (aorta, pulmonary vasculature, and venous abnormalities), staging of thoracic neoplasms (mediastinal and pulmonary masses), tracheobronchial imaging, and imaging of chest wall disease.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Doenças Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças da Aorta/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Traumatismos Torácicos/diagnóstico por imagem
15.
Radiology ; 206(1): 179-86, 1998 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9423670

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography for depiction of thrombi in the portal venous system in patients under consideration for transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Contrast material-enhanced helical CT was performed before TIPS creation in 25 patients. Axial, multiplanar, and three-dimensional images were evaluated to determine whether thrombus was present in the portal system and whether TIPS creation was contraindicated. CT findings were confirmed at visceral angiography (n = 3), direct portography (n = 20), or duplex ultrasonography (n = 2). RESULTS: Ten (40%) of 25 patients, including 10 (56%) of 18 patients with refractory variceal hemorrhage, had thrombus in the portal venous system. Helical CT scans depicted thrombus in nine (90%) of 10 patients (95% confidence interval = 0.71, 1.00) and in 16 (94%) of 17 vessels (95% confidence interval = 0.83, 1.00), including the portal vein (eight of eight patients), splenic vein (three of four patients), and superior mesenteric vein (five of five patients). TIPS creation was canceled in four (16%) patients on the basis of CT findings. CONCLUSION: Thrombi in the portal venous system are common in patients with refractory variceal hemorrhage. Helical CT angiography is sensitive and specific for portal venous system thrombosis and can provide information that alters treatment in these patients.


Assuntos
Veia Porta/diagnóstico por imagem , Derivação Portossistêmica Transjugular Intra-Hepática , Trombose/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Contraindicações , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Iohexol , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Portografia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Trombose/epidemiologia
16.
AJR Am J Roentgenol ; 169(5): 1331-4, 1997 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9353452

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether three-dimensional reconstruction with stereoscopic display of helical CT data sets and CT angiography are useful in the examination of patients with known or suspected renal masses. CONCLUSION: Volume-rendering techniques applied to helical CT data sets coupled with three-dimensional stereoscopic imaging provide a complete examination of patients with known or suspected renal masses. Such information can help guide patient treatment and provide a single preoperative study when nephron-sparing surgery or total nephrectomy is considered.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Angiografia/métodos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
18.
Radiology ; 201(2): 359-64, 1996 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8888223

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To develop a system for automatic segmentation of the liver from computed tomographic (CT) scans of the abdomen for three-dimensional volume-rendering displays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An automated liver segmentation system was developed, which combined domain knowledge with analysis of a global histogram, morphologic operators, and the parametrically deformable contour model. Boundaries of the thresholded liver volume were modified section-by-section by exploiting information from adjacent sections. These boundaries were refined by optimization of the parametrically deformable contour model. Volume-rendered images were created by using the boundaries to exclude tissues outside the liver. The system was tested on CT data sets from 10 cases of potentially resectable hepatic neoplasm. RESULTS: Of the 401 sections in the 10 cases, 53 sections (13.2%) required user modifications during segmentation. The utility of the three-dimensional-rendered images with use of these liver boundaries was judged by a radiologist as being comparable to that of three-dimensional images created with manual editing. Twenty-eight of the sections were deemed imperfect by the radiologist and might need further modifications. CONCLUSION: An effective technique for automatic segmentation of the liver from CT images has been developed. This technique promises to save time and simplify the creation of three-dimensional liver images by minimizing operator intervention.


Assuntos
Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Fígado/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Humanos
20.
Radiology ; 200(2): 564-8, 1996 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8685358

RESUMO

The authors compared volume rendering with maximum intensity projection (MIP) and shaded surface display as a technique for generating three-dimensional (3D) images of the vasculature from spiral computed tomography (CT) data sets. In four patients with pathologic splanchnic vasculature, the advantages of volume-rendered display are illustrated for depiction of 3D vascular anatomy, vascular and visceral interrelationships, variant vasculature, tumor encasement, and hepatic tumor localization for presurgical planning.


Assuntos
Abdome/irrigação sanguínea , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Adulto , Algoritmos , Angiografia/métodos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Artéria Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Mesentérica Superior/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Mesentéricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Pseudocisto Pancreático/diagnóstico por imagem , Pancreatite/diagnóstico por imagem
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