The Relationship of COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality with the History of Influenza Vaccination.

Background: COVID-19 is currently the leading global health issue. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face challenges in supplying COVID-19 vaccines. To assess an adjunctive preventive measure for COVID-19 burden, we aimed to evaluate the relationship of influenza vaccination in the previous year with outcomes of COVID-19 in affirmed cases after adjustment for relevant factors. Methods: This prospective study was conducted using the provincial registry of confirmed COVID-19 cases in East-Azerbaijan province in North-West of Iran. The main outcomes were COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization. The influenza vaccination history in 2019 was collected by phone calls. Data analysis was done by SPSS software version 16, separately for healthcare workers and the general population. The logistic regression model was applied to compare the covariates in influenza vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients. Results: From 1 March to 10 October 2020, 17,213 positive COVID-19 cases were registered, of which 916 patients were included. A total of 88 patients (9.6%) deceased due to COVID-19. Two hundred subjects (21.8%) reported receiving the influenza vaccine during the past year. Healthcare workers had a significantly higher vaccination rate than the general population (28.9% vs. 7.1%; p<0.001). After adjustment for socioeconomic and health covariates, the vaccinated cases in the general population had 84% lower odds of death (OR: 0.16; 95%CI: 0.05-0.60; p=0.017). In multivariate analysis, the influenza vaccination history in the previous year was not significantly related to the lower COVID-19 hospitalization rate. Conclusion: The flu vaccination rate was not optimal in our community. The flu vaccination can be an independent preventing factor for COVID-19 mortality in the general population. The influenza vaccine can be considered as an effective adjutant preventive countermeasure for the COVID-19 burden.

In vitro antimicrobial effects of green tea, microwaving, cold boiled water, and chlorhexidine on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans on silicone pacifiers.

Background: This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial effects of green tea, microwaving, cold boiled water, and chlorhexidine (CHX) on Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans on silicone pacifiers. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 equal-size samples of silicone pacifiers were cut, ultraviolet sterilized, and randomly divided into two groups (n = 30) for immersion in 0.5 McFarland standard suspension of S. mutans and C. albicans. The samples in each group were then randomly divided into five subgroups (n = 6) for disinfection with 0.12% CHX, cold boiled water, green tea, microwaving for 7 min, and distilled water. The sample suspensions were cultured on blood agar (for S. mutans) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (for C. albicans) and incubated. The number of colonies was counted after 24 and 48 h. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05). Results: At 24 and 48 h, the S. mutans colony count was the lowest in CHX and green tea subgroups followed by microwave, cold boiled water, and distilled water subgroups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: CHX and green tea can significantly decrease the S. mutans and C. albicans colony count on silicone pacifiers.

Prognostic Role of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis are the most common complications of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to analyze the current literature to evaluate the association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with NASH and fibrosis in patients with NAFLD. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were used to conduct a systematic search for relevant publications published before May 24, 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment. Results: Thirteen studies were included in our study. The pooled results showed that NAFLD patients with significant NASH had elevated levels of NLR compared to those with nonsignificant or without NASH (SMD = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.59-1.39, p < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NLR were 78.16% (95% CI = 73.70%-82.04%), and 76.93% (95% CI = 70.22%-82.50%), respectively. In addition, NAFLD patients with significant liver fibrosis had elevated levels of NLR compared to those with nonsignificant or without fibrosis (SMD = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.76-2.43, p < 0.001). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of NLR were 82.62% (95% CI = 70.235%-90.55%) and 81.22% (95% CI = 75.62%-85.78%), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings support NLR to be a promising biomarker that can be readily integrated into clinical settings to aid in the prediction and prevention of NASH and fibrosis among patients with NAFLD.

Effectiveness of endovascular versus open surgical repair for thoracic aortic aneurysm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Since the approval, the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is widely used for the repair of thoracic aortic aneurysm. However, the long-term mortality and re-intervention rates compared to open surgical repair (OSR) are unclear. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of TEVAR with OSR specifically for thoracic aortic aneurysms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We conducted a comprehensive search in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PROSPERO, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, and the Cochrane Library up to November 2020. The main outcomes were early mortality, mid-to-long-term survival, and re-intervention. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology. All analyses were performed using RevMan with the random effect model and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: One systematic review and 15 individual studies were included. Pooled analysis showed that 30-day mortality, stroke, renal failure, and pulmonary complications were significantly lower in TEVAR versus open surgery. The pooled rate of re-intervention significantly favored the OSR. The long-term survival and mortality favored TEVAR and OSR in one and two studies, respectively, but was non-significant in seven analyzes. CONCLUSIONS: Early clinical outcomes including the 30-day mortality, stroke, renal failure, and pulmonary complications significantly favored the TEVAR. However, the mid-to-long-term re-intervention rate favored the OSR and long-term survival was inconsistent among the studies. The quality of evidence was very low. More studies with longer follow-ups are needed. The use of TEVAR should be decided by taking into account other factors including patient characteristics and preferences, cost, and surgeon expertise.

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Propolis and Aloe Vera, Xylitol, and Cpp-Acp Gels on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in Vitro.

INTRODUCTION: Early childhood caries is a kind of caries occurring in deciduous teeth. Bacteria are among the main factors. Antibacterial agents such as fluoride are used in both prevention and treatment, but their application in children faces limitations such as fluorosis. Therefore, novel methods of caries prevention among the children are mainly focused on the use of fluoride-free active ingredients. In this comparative study, antibacterial effects of gels containing propolis and aloe vera, fluoride, xylitol, and CPP-ACP were investigated. METHODS: This is an in vitro study. By plate well technique, plates containing gels were created in the culture medium of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus, and their antibacterial impacts were evaluated by measuring the inhibition zone after 24, 48, and 72 hours. Then, different concentrations of each gel were evaluated in the same way for the antibacterial properties. For each sample, this process was iterated 3 times, where the average was declared as the final number. The collected data were entered in SPSS 24. RESULTS: In both bacteria, propolis gel and aloe vera had the highest zone of inhibition, followed by fluoride and xylitol in the second and third places, respectively. Different concentrations of gels are significantly different in terms of antimicrobial effect (P value ≤ 0/05). The antimicrobial effect of propolis and aloe vera gel was kept up to the concentration of 1/16. As the bacterial and gel contact time is prolonged, the antibacterial effect of different gels increases, but the difference is not statistically significant (P value = 0.109). CPP-ACP gel had no antimicrobial effect at any concentration. CONCLUSION: Propolis and aloe vera gel had a greater antimicrobial effect than other gels, where such effect was observed in low concentrations. CPP-ACP gel had no antimicrobial properties.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Questionnaire for Evaluation of Clinical Teaching at Outpatient Settings.

PURPOSE: To assess the validity and reliability of the Persian Outpatient Clinical Teaching Evaluation (OCTE) questionnaire, in order to evaluate clinical teaching for undergraduate medical students. METHODS: This was a methodological study conducted in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2018. To assess the validity of the questionnaire, ten academic staff who had received master's degrees in medical education were chosen by convenience sampling. The first draft of the Persian questionnaire was derived from the Ministry of Health's clinical teaching standards booklet. The questionnaire consisted of just 15 obligatory items in the first draft of the questionnaire. Subsequently, the questionnaire was modified to be used in teaching outpatient clinics. Content validity indices were calculated. Subsequently, the modified questionnaires were given to 92 academic staff in Imam-Reza Hospital's outpatient clinics. We applied principle component analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation for exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In order to confirm the EFA, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Cronbach's alpha method, the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and test-retest reliability were used to assess the reliability. RESULTS: The overall content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and impact score (IS) were 0.78, 0.79, and 3.26, respectively. Out of 92 academic staff, 85 participated. The Keizer-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy for data was 0.726 (p-value=0.0001). After the EFA, the 10-item questionnaire loaded on three factors. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was established by Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and the ICC was 0.94. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation with a 2-week retest interval. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the Persian clinical teaching questionnaire had optimal psychometric properties. Thus, application of this questionnaire at outpatient settings can be helpful.

Evaluation of physical, mechanical and biological properties of poly 3-hydroxybutyrate-chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotube/silk nano-micro composite scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering applications.

Nano-micro scaffolds are developed for long-term healing tissue engineering like cartilage. The poly 3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB)-chitosan/silk and P3HB-chitosan-1 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by COOH (MWNTs)/silk nano-micro scaffolds are fabricated through electrospinning the solution on a knitted silk which is saturated (S) or unsaturated (U) with P3HB as a mediator to enhance the interaction at nano/microinterface. Consuming MWNTs lead to a decrease in fiber diameter, while an increase in specific surface area, tensile strength and bioactivity properties. The saturation condition as well as MWNTs leads to intensification in the hydrophilicity properties. The nanolayer in all scaffolds lead to an increase in tensile strength in comparison with the pure knitted silk. The scaffold containing MWNTs showed slower degradation rate. MWNTs beside the chitosan and silk provide an appropriate environment for attachment and growth of chondrocytes. The P3HB-chitosan-MWNTs/silk (S) nano-microscaffold can be appropriate for a long-term tissue engineering application like cartilage.

A systematic review of effectiveness and economic evaluation of Cardiohelp and portable devices for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

In recent years, there have been substantial advancements in the development of different technologies for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for in-hospital and out of hospital applications. However the effectiveness of these devices is not clearly known. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Cardiohelp compared to other portable ECMO devices. In this systematic review, we searched Medline (via Ovid), Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, CRD and NICE. Articles were assessed by two independent reviewers for eligibility and quality of the evidence. Studies which compared Cardiohelp to other ECMO devices were included. Seven out of 1316 publication were included in this review, three of them were clinical trials and four were observational studies. The majority of the studies had limited quality. According to the measures of safety, Cardiohelp had safer technological features, but on the other hand, was more complex to use. Considering the effectiveness, Cardiohelp was not statistically different from other technologies. Cardiohelp showed slightly better performance than Centrimag in terms of cost per patient and cost-effectiveness. However, when clinical criteria were used to select the patients with good prognosis to administer the ECMO, incremental cost utility ratios (ICURs) for both Cardiohelp and Centrimag were below the level of willingness-to-pay threshold. According to the measures of safety and effectiveness, ECMO with Cardiohelp was not considerably different from other evaluated technologies. Moreover, ECMO with Cardiohelp or Centrimag can be considered cost-effective, provided that the patients are selected carefully in terms of neurological outcomes.

Concomitant Transurethral and Transvaginal-Periurethral Injection of Autologous Adipose Derived Stem Cells for Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence: A Phase One Clinical Trial.

Stress urinary incontinence is a common medical problem among women. The urethral closure complex and/or the supportive mechanisms are responsible for incontinence in the majority of patients. Several surgical procedures with different degrees of invasiveness and outcomes have been reported to treat the problem. Although most of these procedures are reasonably effective, a general trend towards the study of natural and biocompatible tissues is emerging over popular synthetic materials. Here we report our experience of autologous adipose-derived stem cells transplantation into the periurethral region as a new method of stress urinary incontinence treatment. Ten women with symptoms of stress urinary incontinence were treated by injections of autologous adipose-derived stem cells into the periurethral region via transurethral and transvaginal approach under urethroscopic observation. This report presents the short-term outcome of the patients. The outcome measured by pad test results, ICIQ-SF scores, and Qmax. The mean age of the participants was 45.8±8.7 years. Urinary incontinence significantly decreased through the first two, 6 and 24 weeks after the injection therapy. The difference was significant in pad test results (P<0.001) and ICIQ-SF scores (P<0.001), especially comparing results between 2 and 6 weeks and among 6 and 24 weeks, but not for 2 and 6 weeks compared to each other. Surprisingly, Qmax showed improvement after the study period (means 32.6 vs. 35.7; P=0.002). This study showed that injection of the autologous adipose-derived stem cells to the periurethral region is a safe, yet short-term effective treatment option for stress urinary incontinence. Further studies with longer follow up are needed to confirm its long term efficacy.

Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire for Assessing Women's Reproductive History in Azar Cohort Study.

This study was done to evaluate the validity and reliability of women's reproductive history questionnaire which will be used in Azar Cohort study; a cohort that is conducted by Tabriz University of Medical Science in Shabestar county for identifying risk factors of no communicable diseases. Content and face validity were evaluated by ten experts in the field and quantified as content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). To assess the reliability, using test-retest approach, kappa statistic was calculated for categorical variables and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for the quantitative items. The calculated CVI and CVR were 0.91and 0.94, respectively. Reliability for all items was high. The ICC was 0.99 and kappa statistic was equal to 1. The final version of questionnaire was redesigned in 26 items with 7 subscales.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in Azar cohort population in Northwest of Iran.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are considered as major public health problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of MSDs in Azar cohort population in northwest of Iran. Azar cohort study is a state level of a national cohort project (PERSIAN) which began in 2014. All adults over 35 years old in Khamene city in East Azarbaijan province were recruited for the pilot phase of the Azar cohort. For the purpose of the current study, a total of 952 subjects age range of 35-70 who completed the Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Disease (COPCORD) questionnaire as supplementary were included. 299 subjects had MSDs and were introduced to the rheumatologist, only 237 of them referred for further assessment. 33.4% of subjects had MSDs within the past 7 days. The most frequent complaint was pain and the most common sites of complaints were knee, lumbar spine, and shoulder, respectively. Osteoarthritis was the most common rheumatic disease (53.2%) and the knee was the most common region affected (47.7%) followed by low back pain (28.2%). Osteoarthritis and knee osteoarthritis were present in 56.1 and 51.8% of females and 46.6 and 38.4% of males, respectively. Furthermore, low back pain was present in 32.9% of males and 26.2% of females. Peri-arthritis was more prevalent in males (12.3%), whilst fibromyalgia, psychologic pain, and heel spur were prevalent among females (9.1, 5.1, and 1.2%, respectively). Rheumatoid arthritis was observed in 1.4% of males and 1.8% of females, respectively. Prevalence of MSDs is very high in this area. Therefore, it calls for action by heath officials and professionals to plan for appropriate programs of prevention and management of MSDs in society.

Is Serum Uric Acid Level Correlated with Erectile Dysfunction in Coronary Artery Disease Patients?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) and vascular insufficiency are consequences of modern lifestyle, and vasogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the leading causes of sexual dysfunction which could be prevented like ischemic heart disease if the risk factors are discovered and managed. Seventy-five men scheduled for coronary angiography were asked to fill out the IIEF5 questionnaire and underwent serum lipoprotein-a, uric acid, lipid profile, testosterone, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG), dehyderoepiandrostendion sulfate (DHEAS) tests; and the results were compared with those of erectile dysfunction patients with and without coronary artery disease. Ten out of 32 CAD patients (30%) and 6 of 43 normal coronary men had ED Prevalence (P=0.04). The average serum uric acid in ED patients with normal coronary was 5.6 (± 0.68) 6.5 ±078 mg/dl in ED patients of CAD group P=0.034. Men with both ED and CAD had significantly higher levels of lipoprotein-a compared to those CAD patients with normal sexual function. Higher uric acid and lipoprotein-a levels are correlated with the presence of ED in patients with CAD.

Bacterial leakage in root canals filled with resin-based and mineral trioxide aggregate-based sealers.

BACKGROUND: Sealing ability is one of the most important features of endodontic sealers. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the sealing ability of a resin-based sealer with a mineral trioxide aggregate-based sealer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 single-rooted extracted human teeth were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 25) and two control groups (n = 5). After canal preparation and smear layer removal, both groups were obturated with gutta-percha and sealer. Resin-based AH26 sealer was used in the first group and Fillapex(®) sealer in the second group. Two layers of nail varnish were applied on tooth surfaces except for the apical 2 mm. In the negative control group, nail varnish was applied on the entire surface. The teeth were mounted according to Lima et al. study and then sterilized by ethylene oxide gas. The samples were evaluated for bacterial microleakage using Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) for 90 days. Data were analyzed by survival test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Control groups had either immediate leakage or no leakage. The Fillapex(®) showed significantly higher amounts of microleakage compared with AH26 sealer (P < 0.05) and both groups exhibited significant differences in comparison with control groups. CONCLUSION: Both sealers had bacterial leakage. Sealing ability of AH26 was significantly higher than that of Fillapex(®).

Transplantation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth for bone regeneration in the dog mandibular defect.

AIM: To investigate the effect of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) transplanted for bone regeneration in the dog mandibular defect. METHODS: In this prospective comparative study, SHEDs had been isolated 5 years ago from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. The undifferentiated stem cells were seeded into mandibular bone through-and-through defects of 4 dogs. Similar defects in control group were filled with cell-free collagen scaffold. After 12 wk, biopsies were taken and morphometric analysis was performed. The percentage of new bone formation and foreign body reaction were measured in each case. The data were subject to statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskalwalis statistical tests. Differences at P < 0.05 was considered as significant level. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between control and SHED-seeded groups in connective tissue (P = 0.248), woven bone (P = 0.248) and compact bone (P = 0.082). There were not any side effects in transplanted SHED group such as teratoma or malignancy and abnormalities in this period. CONCLUSION: SHEDs which had been isolated and characterized 5 years ago and stored with cryopreservation banking were capable of proliferation and osteogenesis after 5 years, and no immune response was observed after three months of seeded SHEDs.

Does L-carnitine therapy add any extra benefit to standard inguinal varicocelectomy in terms of deoxyribonucleic acid damage or sperm quality factor indices: a randomized study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate if addition of L-carnitine therapy to standard varicocelectomy adds any extra benefit in terms of improvement in semen parameters or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred patients enrolled in this study and were randomly divided into 2 groups (50 patients in each group). In group 1, standard inguinal varicocelectomy and, in group 2, standard inguinal varicocelectomy plus oral antioxidant therapy (oral L-carnitine, 250 mg 3 times a day) were performed for 6 months. For all patients, routine semen analysis and DNA damage test of spermatozoa (by 2 methods of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and protamine damage assay) were performed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: In both groups, the improvement in semen analysis parameters and DNA damage was observed, but there was not any statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in these parameters, although the slope of improvement in DNA damage was slightly better in group 2 (that was not statistically significant). CONCLUSION: We observed that addition of 750 mg of L-carnitine orally daily to standard inguinal varicocelectomy does not add any extra benefit in terms of improvement in semen analysis parameters or DNA damage.

Comparison of Phenotypic Characterization between Differentiated Osteoblasts from Stem Cells and Calvaria Osteoblasts In vitro.

BACKGROUND: Characteristics of differentiated osteoblasts from adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) in compared with isolated osteoblasts from normal bone such as calvaria are unknown. The aim of this study was determination and comparison of phenotypic characterization between differentiated osteoblasts from stem cells and calvaria osteoblasts in vitro. METHODS: In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from adipose tissue of human by enzymatic digestion and were differentiated into osteoblasts using osteogenic medium. Characteristics of these cells at first, second, third and fourth weeks were comprised with calvaria osteoblasts that were isolated from human calvaria by explanation culture method. To screen the characteristics of both calvaria and the differentiated osteoblasts, we used western blot to identify protein levels, von Kossa staining for mineral matrix detection and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay kit (Sigma) for ALP activity measurement. Difference between calvaria and differentiated osteoblast cells were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen and mineral material production in differentiated osteoblasts at third week were more significantly than calvaria cells (P < 0.05). Our results indicated that there was no significant different in osteocalcin (OC) production between differentiated osteoblast at first, second and third weeks and calvaria cells but declined at fourth week (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our survey showed that cellular traits of differentiated osteoblasts presented better than calvaria osteoblasts in vitro conditions. Therefore, we suggest that ADSCs could be used in next studies for bone tissue engineering.

Exploring maternal mortality in relation to socioeconomic factors in Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Maternal mortality is a tragic death, and is perceived as a sensitive indicator of the socioeconomic status and healthcare services in a given country. In this study, the relationship between maternal deaths and factors such as socioeconomic development and the proportion of medical professionals in Iran was examined. METHODS: This was an ecological study, where three main groups of data based on different provinces were applied. Data included maternal mortality ratio, the proportion of medical professionals and socioeconomic variables, such as urban residency, unemployment and literacy. Data were obtained from various sources, including census returns, the Family Unit at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran and the Iran Medical Council. Data were analysed using univariate and multivariate methodologies. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed a significant inverse relationship between maternal deaths and variables of male literacy (p < 0.001) and unemployment (p = 0.04). A marginally significant association was also found between maternal deaths and the proportion of midwives (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the role of literacy, particularly male literacy, in the prevention of maternal deaths. Iran, as a male-dominated society, could benefit from targeting men for training programmes to enhance the health of their families, and ultimately, that of the society. As economic status does play a role in maternal deaths, there is a need to strengthen the financial situation of families. The number of skilled medical personnel available in a population also plays a key role in reducing maternal deaths.

Adipose derived stem cells for treatment of mandibular bone defects: An autologous study in dogs.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of adipose derived stem cells on bone repair in through and through mandibular bone defects of canine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective comparative study, adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from subcutaneous fat of lateral thoracic area of 4 dogs. The isolated cells were cultured and expanded through 3 passages. The undifferentiated stem cells were seeded in Collatamp and transferred into mandibular bone through-and-through defects. Similar defects on control group were filled with cell-free Collatamp. After 6 weeks, biopsies were taken and histomorphometric analysis was performed. The percentage of new bone formation was measured in each case. The data were subject to statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Differences at P≤0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: H and E staining of decalcified samples revealed more bone formation in the group, which stem cells were seeded. Cell-free collatamp group revealed an average bone regeneration of %41±13.21, while adipose derived stem cell-seeded collatamp group showed %49±8.24. CONCLUSION: The use of stem cell seeded collatamp scaffold in mandibular defects caused more bone regeneration.