Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the family adaptability and cohesion scale (FACES III) through item response theory models in students from Chile and Colombia.

BACKGROUND: A psychometric study of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES III) has been conducted in Spanish-speaking countries from the perspective of the classical test theory. However, this approach has limitations that affect the psychometric understanding of this scale. OBJECTIVE: Accordingly, this study used the item response theory to investigate the psychometric performance of the items. Furthermore, it evaluated the differential performance of the items for Colombia and Chile. METHOD: For this purpose, 518 health science students from both countries participated. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used. RESULTS: The study results revealed that the cohesion and adaptability items presented adequate discrimination and difficulty indices. In addition, items 5, 8, 13, 17, and 19 of cohesion indicated differential functioning between students from both countries, with Chilean students exhibiting a greater discriminatory power. Further, the Colombian group exhibited a greater discriminatory power for item 18 of adaptability. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that the items of FACES III indicated adequate psychometric performance in terms of their discriminative capacity and difficulty in Chile and Colombia.

Reproducibilidad del cuestionario POIBA-¿Cómo nos movemos?, en escolares colombianos de tercer grado de primaria / Reproducibility of the "POiBA-How do we Move?" Questionnaire in Colombian Third-Grade Elementary Schools / Reprodutibilidade do questionário POiBA-(como nos movemos?) em estudantes colombianos da terceira série do ensino fundamental

Introducción: disponer de instrumentos reproducibles que midan la actividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios es una prioridad para la vigilancia y promoción de estilos de vida saludables en niños y niñas. En esta investigación se evaluó la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba del cuestionario POIBA-¿Cómo nos movemos? en escolares colombianos. Materiales y métodos: participaron 125 estudian- tes de tercer grado de primaria de una institución educativa colombiana. En dos ocasiones se aplicó el cuestionario POIBA-¿Cómo nos movemos?, que evalúa la actividad física realizada para transportarse a la institución educativa y desde esta, durante el tiempo escolar (clases de educación física y recreo), extraescolar (deportiva, con entrenador) y libre. Se emplearon índices kappa y kappa ponderado en los ítems categóricos y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase con modelo de efectos mixtos en los ítems con escala cuantitativa. Resultados: en los ítems sobre actividad física en el ámbito escolar y deportivo predominaron kappas superiores a 0.70. Las preguntas sobre el transporte a la institución educativa y desde esta tuvieron coeficientes kappa cercanos a 0.90. Los ítems de tiempo frente a pantallas alcanzaron coeficientes kappa alrededor de 0.5, y los correspondientes a la hora de acostarse y levantarse obtuvieron coeficientes de correlación intraclase entre 0.40 y 0.72. Conclusiones: el cuestionario POIBA-¿Cómo nos movemos? es una opción para evaluar la actividad física de escolares en el contexto latinoamericano. Los ítems sobre actividad física de transporte, en el ámbito escolar y deportivo, tuvieron los mayores índices de reproducibilidad.

Introduction: Reproducible instruments measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviors are a priority for monitoring and promoting healthy lifestyles for boys and girls. This study evaluated the test-retest reproducibility of the "Prevención de la Obesidad Infantil en Barcelona (Childhood Obesity Prevention in Barcelona) [POIBA]-How do we move?" questionnaire in Colombian school children. Materials and methods: One hundred twenty-five third-grade primary students from a public educational institution in Colombia participated in the "POIBA-How do we move?" questionnaire, which was conducted twice. The survey measured physical activity during travel to and from school, school hours (physical education classes and recess), extracurricular activities (sports with a coach), and leisure time. To assess reproducibility, categorical questions and questions with a quantitative scale were evaluated using kappa and weighted kappa indices and an intraclass correlation coefficient with a mixed-effects model. Results: In the questions about physical activity at school and sports practice, kappas higher than 0.70 predominated. The questions about commuting to and from school had kappa coefficients close to 0.90. The kappa coefficients for the screen-time questions were around 0.5, and the intraclass correlation coefficients for questions about going to bed and getting up were between 0.40 and 0.72. Conclusions: The "POIBA-How do we move?" questionnaire is a valuable tool for evaluating the physical activity of school children in a Latin American context. The questions concerning physical activity during commuting to and from school, school hours, and sports environment had the highest reproducibility indices.

Introdução: dispor de instrumentos reprodutíveis que meçam a atividade física e os comportamentos sedentários é uma prioridade para a monitorização e promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis em meninos e meninas. Nesta pesquisa, a reprodutibilidade teste-reteste do Questionário POIBA ­ (como nos movemos?) foi avaliada em estudantes colombianos. Materiais e métodos: participaram do estudo 125 alunos da terceira série do ensino fundamental de uma instituição educacional colombiana. Foi aplicado o questionário POIBA ­ (como nos movemos?) em dois momentos, que avalia a atividade física realizada para o transporte de e para a instituição de ensino, no horário escolar (aulas de educação física e recreio), extracurricular (esportes, com treinador) e no tempo livre. Para avaliar a reprodutibi- lidade, foram utilizados os índices Kappa e Kappa ponderado para itens categóricos e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse com modelo de efeitos mistos para itens com escala quantitativa. Resultados: nos itens sobre atividade física no ambiente escolar e esportivo predominaram Kappas superiores a 0.70. As questões sobre transporte de ida e volta para a instituição de ensino apresentaram coeficientes Kappa próximos a 0.90. Os itens tempo de tela atingiram coeficientes Kappa em torno de 0.5, e os correspondentes a hora de dormir e acordar obtiveram coeficientes de correlação intraclasse entre 0.40 e 0.72. Conclusões: o questionário POIBA ­ (como nos movemos?) é uma opção para avaliação da atividade física de estudantes no contexto latino-americano. Os itens sobre atividade física de transporte, no ambiente escolar e esportivo apresentaram os maiores índices de reprodutibilidade

Reductions in systolic blood pressure achieved by hypertensives with three isometric training sessions per week are maintained with a single session per week.

Isometric handgrip or (wall) squat exercise performed three times per week produces reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) in adults with hypertension. We aimed to compare these interventions and the potential to retain benefits with one exercise session per week. We compared blood pressure changes following handgrip and squat isometric training interventions with controls in a randomized controlled multicentre trial in 77 unmedicated hypertensive (SBP ≥ 130 mmHg) adults. Exercise sessions were performed in the workplace and consisted of four repetitions-three sessions per week for the first 12 weeks (phase 1), and one session per week for the subsequent 12 weeks (phase 2). Office blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline, post-phase 1 and post-phase 2. Post-phase 1, mean reductions in SBP were significantly greater in handgrip (-11.2 mmHg, n = 28) and squat (-12.9 mmHg, n = 27) groups than in controls (-.4 mmHg; n = 22) but changes in DBP were not. There were no significant within-group changes during phase 2 but SBP was 3.8 mmHg lower in the wall squat than the handgrip group-a small magnitude but clinically important difference. While both interventions produced significant SBP reductions, the wall squat appears to be more effective in maintaining benefits with a minimal training dose. The low time investment to achieve and retain clinically significant SBP reductions-42 and 12 min, respectively-and minimal cost, particularly of the wall squat, make it a promising intervention for delivery in public health settings.

Cambios en la práctica de actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 / Changes in Physical Activity Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar los cambios en la práctica de actividad física durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en sujetos adultos. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal en 812 adultos de la región caribe colombiana. Se aplicó una encuesta vía telefónica, la cual registró: edad, sexo, nivel educativo y estrato socioeconómico; a su vez, se aplicó el Cuestionario de Intención hacia la actividad física de Prochaska y Marcus para medir las etapas de cambio hacia la actividad física. Se indagó sobre el tiempo sentado al día frente a pantallas como televisión, computador y celular. Las mediciones se realizaron entre los meses mayo y julio de 2020. Se realizó una regresión logística binaria para determinar la relación entre los factores individuales y la práctica de actividad física durante la pandemia. Resultados La proporción de personas que se categorizan en las tres primeras etapas de cambio aumentó de 65% en la medición antes de pandemia a 74,4% después de 4 meses de aislamiento social (p=0,0001). El promedio de horas al día en la población general frente al TV es de 2,7±2 horas; ante celulares, es de 3,8±2,8 horas, y 2,4±2,7 horas frente al computador. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor riesgo de no práctica de actividad física [OR 1,9 (IC 95% 1,4-2,7)], junto con las personas de nivel educativo bajo [OR 1,7 (IC 95% 1,2-2,4)] y las de edad mayor [OR 1,7 (IC 95% 1,3-2,4)]. Conclusión La pandemia por COVID-19 ha incrementado la inactividad física y los comportamientos sedentarios, los cuales varían según las características individuales.

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the changes in the practice of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in adult subjects. Methods Cross-sectional study in 812 adults from the Colombian Caribbean region. A survey was applied by telephone that measured age, sex, educational level and socioeconomic status; likewise, the Prochaska and Marcus Physical Activity Intention Questionnaire to measure stages of change towards physical activity was applied. The time spent sitting each day in front of screens such as television, computer, and cellphone was investigated. Measurements were made throughout the months of May to July 2020. A binary logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between individual factors and the practice of physical activity during the pandemic. Results The proportion of people who are categorized in the first three stages of change increased from 65% in the measurement before the pandemic to 74,4% after 4 months of social isolation (p=0,0001). The average hours a day in front of the TV for the general population is 2,7±2 hours; 3,8±2,8 hours in front of cellphones, and 2,4±2,7 hours in front of the computer. Women had a higher risk of not practicing physical activity [OR 1,9 (95% CI 1,4-2,7)], alongside people with a low educational level [OR 1,7 (95% CI 1,2-2,4)], and elderly people [OR 1,7 (95% CI 1,3-2,4)]. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has increased physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors, which vary according to individual characteristics.

[Level of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep in the early childhood population]. / Nivel de actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y sueño en la población de la primera infancia.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the daily general activity pattern of preschool aged children is composed of sleep time, sedentary time, and physical activity of mild, moderate, or vigorous intensity. Objective: to determine the compliance with the recommendations for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep according to the days of the week, sex, and age in children aged from 2 to 5 years. Methods: a cross-sectional study in 361 preschool aged boys and girls. The Questionnaire for the Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Children from Preschool to 4th grade (C-MAFYCS) was used, which inquires about three behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS, version 24 program (Simón Bolívar University license). Results: on average, children perform 132.4  95.2 minutes of physical activity and spend 70.4  63.4 minutes per day in sedentary behaviors. The time dedicated to active play and organized sport is greater on Saturdays and Sundays (175.1  140 minutes) (p = 0.0001). The time spent watching television was greater during the weekend (70.7  69.4 minutes). On average, preschoolers sleep 10.2  0.9 hours per day, less during the week (9.3  0.7 minutes). Conclusions: balance between these behaviors is essential for the health of children in this first stage of life. It is essential that parents, caregivers, and the community in general attend to the healthy lifestyles of this population since these are patterns that are learned and acquired to remain in the following stages of the life cycle.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el patrón de actividad general diario en la edad preescolar se compone de tiempo de sueño, tiempo sedentario y actividad física de intensidad ligera, moderada o vigorosa. Objetivo: determinar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y sueño según los días de la semana, el sexo y la edad de los niños (as) entre 2 a 5 años. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal y analítico en 361 niños y niñas en edad preescolar. Se usó el Cuestionario para la Medición de Actividad Física y Comportamiento Sedentario en niños de Preescolar a Cuarto Grado (C-MAFYCS), que indaga sobre tres comportamientos (actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y sueño). El análisis estadístico se realizó en el programa SPSS, versión 24 (licencia de la Universidad Simón Bolívar). Resultados: en promedio, los niños realizan 132,4  95,2 minutos de actividad física y gastan 70,4  63,4 minutos por día en comportamientos sedentarios. Es mayor el tiempo dedicado al juego activo y al deporte organizado durante los sábados y domingos (175,1  140 minutos) (p = 0,0001). El tiempo dedicado a ver televisión fue mayor durante el fin de semana (70,7  69,4 minutos). En promedio, los prescolares duermen 10,2  0,9 horas por día, siendo menor el tiempo de sueño entre semana (9,3  0,7 minutos). Conclusiones: el equilibrio entre estos comportamientos es fundamental para la salud del niño en esta primera etapa de la vida. Es fundamental que los padres, los cuidadores y la comunidad en general atiendan los estilos de vida saludables de esta población dado que son patrones que se aprenden y adquieren para permanecer en los siguientes momentos del ciclo vital.

Condición física funcional de los adultos mayores en dos ciudades colombianas / Functional Physical Condition of Elderly Adults in Two Colombian Cities / Condição física funcional de idosos em duas cidades colombianas

Introducción: la optimización de la condición física en el adulto mayor disminuye los efectos del proceso de envejecimiento y las malas condiciones de vida en general. El objetivo es comparar la condición física funcional de adultos mayores en dos ciudades colombianas según variables sociodemográficas. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en 428 adultos mayores asistentes a centros de atención al adulto mayor. Se indagaron características sociodemográficas. La condición física funcional se evaluó mediante la batería Senior Fitness. Se realizó una regresión logística bivariada estimando los odds ratio y su respectivo intervalo de confianza del 95 %. Resultados: los adultos mayores que viven en Tunja tuvieron mejores resultados, según la batería Senior Fitness, comparados con los de Barranquilla, tanto para hombres como para mujeres. En Tunja, las personas con edades entre 75 y 90 años tienen mayor riesgo de deficiencias en la resistencia aeróbica (or: 2.2; ic 95 %: 1.1-4.3). Se observa mayor probabilidad de disminución de la fuerza en miembros inferiores (or: 4.3; ic 95 %: 1.9-9.6), miembros superiores (or: 2.6; ic 95 %: 1.2-5.3) y de alteraciones del equilibrio (or: 2.1; ic 95 %: 1.1-4) en las personas que pertenecen al régimen subsidiado. En Barranquilla, la probabilidad de un imc alto es mayor en las mujeres que en los hombres (or: 2.2; ic 95 %: 1.1-4.4) y en los que no tienen una pareja (or: 2.6; ic 95 %: 1.2-5.6). Conclusión: las similitudes y diferencias encontradas en los sujetos de las dos ciudades plantean interrogantes que se deben resolver mediante estudios experimentales

Introduction: Optimization of physical condition in the elderly reduces, in general, the effects of aging and poor living conditions. The objective was to compare, using sociodemographic variables, the func-tional physical condition of older adults in two Colombian cities. Materials and Methods: A cross-sec-tional study was carried out, in both cities, of 428 older adults who attended elderly care centers. Their sociodemographic characteristics were investigated. Functional physical condition was evaluated by way of the Senior Fitness battery. A bivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: For both men and women, according to the Senior Fitness battery, elderly living in Tunja had better results than those in Barranquilla. In Tunja, people belonging to the subsidized regime, and between 75 and 90 years old, had a greater risk of deficiencies in aerobic resis-tance (or: 2.2; ci 95%: 1.1­4.3), and a higher probability of decreasing strength in the lower limbs (or: 4.3; ci 95%: 1.9­9.6), upper limbs (or: 2.6; ci 95%: 1.2­5.3), and balance disturbances (or: 2.1; ci 95%: 1.1­4). In Barranquilla, the probability of a high body mass index was higher in women than in men (or: 2.2; ci95%: 1.1­4.4) and those who were not married (or: 2.6; ci 95%: 1.2­5.6). Conclusion: The similarities and differences found among the subjects of the two cities raise questions that must be addressed through experimental studies

Introdução: a otimização da condição física em idosos permite reduzir os efeitos do processo de envelhe-cimento e as precárias condições de vida em geral. O objetivo é comparar a condição física funcional de idosos em duas cidades colombianas segundo variáveis sociodemográficas. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal com 428 idosos atendidos em Centros de Atenção ao Idoso das duas cidades. As caracterís-ticas sociodemográficas foram investigadas. A condição física funcional foi avaliada por meio da bate-ria Senior Fitness. Foi realizada regressão logística bivariada estimando o Odds Ratio e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: os idosos residentes em Tunja tiveram melhores resultados de acordo com a bateria Senior Fitness em comparação com os residentes de Barranquilla tanto para homens quanto para mulheres; em Tunja, pessoas com idades entre 75 e 90 anos têm um risco maior de deficiências na resistência aeróbia (or: 2,2; ic 95%: 1,1-4,3), se observa uma maior probabilidade de diminuição da força nos membros inferiores (or: 4,3; ic 95%: 1,9-9,6), membros superiores (or: 2,6; ic 95%: 1,2-5,3) e alterações de equilíbrio (or: 2,1; ic 95%: 1,1-4) em pessoas que pertencem ao regime subsidiado. Em Barranquilla, a probabilidade de um imc elevado é maior nas mulheres do que nos homens (or: 2,2; ic 95%: 1,1-4,4) e naqueles que não têm companheiro (or: 2,6; ic 95%: 1,2-5,6). Conclusão: as semelhanças e diferenças encontradas nos sujeitos das duas cidades levantam questões que devem ser resolvidas por meio de estudos experimentais

User Preferences Related to Multimedia Elements of a Mobile Application to Prevent Diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: To understand user preferences related to the characteristics of an application that promotes and provides education on healthy habits to correctly design multimedia elements. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive qualitative study with a hermeneutical strategy, which gathered information using well-researched questions that were posed to focus groups consisting of 32 participants. These participants were asked for opinions related to multimedia elements to display educational messages about physical activity and healthy eating in a mobile application. There were three analysis categories of multimedia elements: text, visual elements, and audio elements. RESULTS: The majority of the participants, 93.75%, were in the low socioeconomic stratum; 68.75% are in a civil union with their partner; 53.12% completed or failed to complete secondary school, and 68.75% were housewives. Based on the qualitative results, we found that mobile applications become mediating tools that support the adoption of actions that tend to improve lifestyles and increase knowledge about proper nutrition and physical activity. Text messages used in mobile applications should promote healthy habits and remind users of their benefits. Images and videos should be accompanied by text and audio to provide greater clarity regarding recommendations of healthy habits. CONCLUSIONS: Technology must provide accessibility and coverage opportunities, while meeting the needs and expectations of users. It should facilitate primary health intervention through education to transform unhealthy behaviors and generate lifestyles that improve the health of the user and their family context.

Restrictions on persons with disabilities for participating in family and community activities / Restricciones en personas con discapacidad para su participación en actividades familiares y comunitarias

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the influence of functional impairments and limitations activities for persons with disabilities to particípate in family and community activities. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 4 044 persons with disabilities, selected using probabilistic sampling and a door-to-door active search model in 5 towns in the District of Barranquilla. The data were processed with univariate analysis and bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between the study variables. Results 55.9% of the population were males, 41.6% were between 15 and 44 years of age, and 92.9% belonged to the lower socioeconomic stratum. 82.9% reported mobility limitations and 99% reported barriers to access non-formal learning activities, 98.6% to access public activities, and 97.5% to access productive activities. Individuals with that a lower limitation in exercising the power of reason, particularly thinking, can increase participation in activities with family and friends (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), with the community (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), religious or spiritual activities (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9). Conclusions There is a directly proportional relationship between structural impairment with the development of dependency and limited family, social, and work participation in the persons with disabilities.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la influencia de las limitaciones funcionales de las personas con discapacidad sobre su participación en actividades familiares y comunitarias. Método Estudio transversal en 4 044 personas con discapacidad, seleccionadas mediante muestreo probabilístico y búsqueda activa casa a casa en 5 municipios del distrito de barranquilla. Se realizó análisis univariado y bivariado para determinar la relación entre las variables estudiadas. Resultados El 55.9% de la población fue de sexo masculino, 41.6% tenían entre 15 y 44 años de edad, y 92.9% pertenecían al estrato socioeconómico bajo. El 82.9% reportó limitaciones de movilidad; 99% reportó barreras para acceder a actividades de aprendizaje no formal, 98.6% para acceder a actividades públicas y 97.5% para acceder a actividades productivas. Las personas con menor limitación cognitiva pueden aumentar su participación en actividades con familiares, amigos (OR, 0.8; ic 95%, 0.6-0.9), con la comunidad (OR, 0.7; IC 95%, 0.6-0.9) y en actividades religiosas (OR, 0.8; IC DEL 95%, 0.7-0.9). Conclusiones Existe una relación directamente proporcional entre el deterioro estructural, la dependencia y la limitada participación familiar, social y laboral en personas con discapacidad.

[Influence of daily and weekly activities in the physical activity levels of school children: a cross-sectional study]. / Influencia de las actividades del día y la semana en los niveles de actividad física de los escolares: estudio de corte transversal.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: the distinct activities related to an active lifestyle that schoolchildren perform during the day and week interact to influence the children's total level of physical activity. Objective: to identify the influence that the activities developed by school children during the different times of the day and the week have on the levels of physical activity. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted in 3,598 public school students aged between 10 and 14 years. The demographic characteristics were evaluated, as well as the levels of physical activity through the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Schoolchildren (PAQ-C). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed as statistical analysis using the SPSS v.24 software program. The raw odds ratio (OR) was estimated. Results: in all, 64.3% of the students failed to comply with physical activity recommendations. Students who are more inactive include those who do not perform enough physical activity during the weekend [OR: 3.7 (95% CI: 2.9-4.5)], those who are not physically active after school [OR: 3.1 (95% CI: 2.3-4.2)], those who do not practice activities such as jumping in their free time [OR: 3.2 (95% CI: 1.9-5.2)], and those who do not ride a bicycle [OR: 3.7 (95% CI: 2.7-5.1)]. Conclusions: the levels of physical activity in students depend on the integration of different contexts and periods during the day and the week. The influence of weekend activities and physical education shows the role that the family and school play in the acquisition and practice of an active lifestyle.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: las diversas actividades relacionadas con un estilo activo que los escolares realizan durante el día y la semana interactúan para influir en el nivel total de actividad física de los niños. Objetivo: identificar la influencia que tienen las actividades ejecutadas por los escolares durante los diferentes momentos del día y la semana sobre los niveles de actividad física. Métodos: estudio de corte transversal analítico sobre 3598 estudiantes de escuelas públicas de entre 10 y 14 años de edad. Se aplicó una encuesta que midió las características sociodemográficas. Mediante el Cuestionario de Actividad Física para Escolares (PAQ-C) se evaluaron los niveles de actividad física. Se realizó una regresión logística multivariante como análisis estadístico a través del programa SPSS v.24. Resultados: el 64,3% de los estudiantes no cumplen con las recomendaciones de actividad física. Son más inactivos los escolares que no realizan suficiente actividad física (AF) durante el fin de semana [OR: 3,7 (IC 95%: 2,9-4,5)], los que no son activos físicamente después de la escuela [OR: 3,1 (IC 95%: 2,3-4,2], los que no practican actividades como saltar en su tiempo libre [OR: 3,2 (IC 95%: 1,9-5,2] y los que no usan la bicicleta [OR: 3,7 (IC 95%: 2,7-5,1]. Conclusiones: los niveles de AF de los escolares dependen de la integración de diferentes contextos y periodos del día y la semana. La influencia de las actividades durante el fin de semana y la educación física muestra la función que tienen la familia y la escuela sobre la adquisición y práctica de estilos de vida activos.

Restrictions on persons with disabilities for participating in family and community activities.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of functional impairments and limitations activities for persons with disabilities to particípate in family and community activities. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with 4 044 persons with disabilities, selected using probabilistic sampling and a door-to-door active search model in 5 towns in the District of Barranquilla. The data were processed with univariate analysis and bivariate analysis to determine the relationship between the study variables. RESULTS: 55.9% of the population were males, 41.6% were between 15 and 44 years of age, and 92.9% belonged to the lower socioeconomic stratum. 82.9% reported mobility limitations and 99% reported barriers to access non-formal learning activities, 98.6% to access public activities, and 97.5% to access productive activities. Individuals with that a lower limitation in exercising the power of reason, particularly thinking, can increase participation in activities with family and friends (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), with the community (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9), religious or spiritual activities (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: There is a directly proportional relationship between structural impairment with the development of dependency and limited family, social, and work participation in the persons with disabilities.

Physical fitness, musculoskeletal disorders and body mass index in transport drivers from Barranquilla, Colombia / Condición física y molestias osteomusculares según el índice de masa corporal de conductores de transporte urbano de Barranquilla, Colombia

Abstract Introduction: Sedentary work activities in urban transport drivers are associated with overweight and obesity, an increase in musculoskeletal discomfort related to work and a decrease in physical fitness. Objective: To determine physical fitness and musculoskeletal discomfort in urban transport drivers from Barranquilla, Colombia, based on their body mass index (BMI). Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 231 urban transport drivers. Healthy physical fitness and presence of musculoskeletal symptoms were measured using the AFISAL-INEFC test battery and the Nordic Questionnaire developed by Kuorinka, respectively. Results: There were significant differences between drivers with normal BMI and overweight/obese drivers in abdominal strength and endurance (21.4±8.9 vs. 19.6±8.8 stooped, p=0.04), flexibility (36.1±7.3 cm vs. 33.6±7.1 cm, p=0.02), and aerobic capacity (1537.5±704.8 meters vs. 1249.1±346.6 meters, p=0.0001). Increased frequency ofmusculoskeletal discomfort was observed in subjects with BMI >25 kg/m2. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are associated with poor physical fitness and the perception of musculoskeletal discomfort, which has negative implications for the personal and occupational well-being of these workers, generating a burden for companies and the Colombian health system.

Resumen Introducción. Las actividades laborales sedentarias de los conductores de transporte urbano están asociadas a sobrepeso, obesidad, incremento de molestias osteomusculares relacionadas con el trabajo y disminución de la condición física. Objetivo. Determinar la condición física y las molestias osteomusculares de conductores de transporte urbano de Barranquilla, Colombia, según su índice de masa corporal (IMC). Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado en 231 conductores de transporte urbano. Se midió la condición física saludable y la presencia de síntomas musculoesqueléticos con la Batería AFISAL INEFC y el Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka, respectivamente. Resultados. Existen diferencias significativas entre los conductores con IMC normal y aquellos con sobrepeso/obesidad en los valores de fuerza y resistencia abdominal (21.4±8.9 vs. 19.6±8.8 encorvadas, p=0.04), flexibilidad (36.1±7.3cm vs. 33.6±7.1cm, p=0.02) y capacidad aeróbica (1537.5±704.8m vs. 1249.1±346.6m, p=0.0001). Se observó mayor frecuencia de molestias musculoesqueléticas en los sujetos con IMC >25 kg/m2. Conclusiones. El sobrepeso y la obesidad están relacionados con la baja condición física y la percepción de molestias osteomusculares, lo cual tiene implicaciones negativas en el bienestar personal y laboral de estos trabajadores y constituye una carga para las empresas y el sistema de salud.

Efectos agudos del ejercicio resistido en la lipemia postprandial de mujeres postmenopáusicas con sobrepeso / Acute effects of resistance training on postprandial lipemia in overweight postmenopausal women

Resumen Introducción. La magnitud de la lipemia postprandial es un indicador de riesgo cardiovascular, en especial en mujeres con actividad hormonal reducida. Los ejercicios resistidos (ER) podrían ser un factor que influencie las concentraciones de lípidos después de consumir alimentos. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos agudos sobre la lipemia postprandial de mujeres postmenopáusicas que tiene la realización de sesiones de ER de alto y bajo volumen, en comparación a un grupo control. Materiales y métodos. Después de una evaluación inicial (antropometría, perfil lipídico y fitness muscular), 32 mujeres fueron divididas aleatoriamente en tres grupos: uno con ER de alto volumen (n=11), otro con ER de bajo volumen (n=11) y un grupo control sin ER (n=10). 12 horas después de los ejercicios se suministró un compuesto nutricional hiperlipídico y se analizó la lipemia postprandial cada hora durante 5 horas. Resultados. Los diferentes volúmenes de ER no redujeron de manera importante los marcadores lipémicos (colesterol total, triglicéridos, LDL y VLDL) (p>0.05) ni aumentaron las concentraciones plasmáticas de HDL (p>0.05). Conclusiones. Las sesiones de ER no afectaron los marcadores lipémicos postprandiales, aunque sí mostraron resultados clínicos relevantes en los grupos experimentales (reducción de LDL-VLDL y aumento de HDL en momentos específicos).

Abstract Introduction: The magnitude of postprandial lipemia is an indicator of cardiovascular risk, especially in women with reduced hormonal activity. Resistance training (RT) may be a factor influencing lipid concentrations after eating. Objective: To determine the acute effects of high and low volume RT sessions on postprandial lipemia in postmenopausal women compared to a control group. Materials and methods: After an initial assessment (anthropometry, lipid profile and muscle fitness), 32 women were randomly divided into three groups: one with high volume of RT (n=11), another with low volume of RT (n=11) and a control group without RT (n=10). 12 hours after the completion of the training, a hyperlipidic nutritional compound was administered and postprandial lipemia was analyzed every hour for 5 hours. Results: The different RT volumes did not significantly reduce lipemic markers (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL) (p>0.05) nor did they increase plasma HDL concentrations (p>0.05). Conclusions: RT sessions did not affect postprandial lipemic markers, although they did show relevant clinical results in the experimental groups (reduction of LDL-VLDL and increase of HDL at specific times).

[Association of physical activity with quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease]. / Actividad física y calidad de vida en personas con enfermedad renal crónica.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity may improve quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. AIM: To assess the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) and the International Physical Activity questionnaire were answered by 130 patients with chronic kidney disease (74 women, 80 receiving renal substitution therapy). Sociodemographic variables were recorded. RESULTS: Patients on renal substitution therapy with a time lapse since diagnosis of 0 to 6 months had higher levels of physical activity than those with longer time lapses (51.4 ± 12.5 and 34.6 ± 8.1 minutes respectively). Disease burden scores were lower among patients with renal substitution therapy. There was a direct correlation between levels of vigorous and moderate physical activity and the physical functioning dimension in the quality of life questionnaire for patients with more than 19 months of disease. The dimension general physical health was significantly associated with physical activity in women and patients with 7 to 18 months of diagnosis. The dimension disease burden was associated with physical activity in women, patients not receiving substitution therapy and those with 7 to 18 months of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate and vigorous physical activity is directly related to the dimensions physical functioning, the general perception of physical health and inversely related with the dimension burden of disease.

Actividad física y calidad de vida en personas con enfermedad renal crónica / Association of physical activity with quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease

Background: Physical activity may improve quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. Aim: To assess the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Material and Methods: The Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) and the International Physical Activity questionnaire were answered by 130 patients with chronic kidney disease (74 women, 80 receiving renal substitution therapy). Sociodemographic variables were recorded. Results: Patients on renal substitution therapy with a time lapse since diagnosis of 0 to 6 months had higher levels of physical activity than those with longer time lapses (51.4 ± 12.5 and 34.6 ± 8.1 minutes respectively). Disease burden scores were lower among patients with renal substitution therapy. There was a direct correlation between levels of vigorous and moderate physical activity and the physical functioning dimension in the quality of life questionnaire for patients with more than 19 months of disease. The dimension general physical health was significantly associated with physical activity in women and patients with 7 to 18 months of diagnosis. The dimension disease burden was associated with physical activity in women, patients not receiving substitution therapy and those with 7 to 18 months of diagnosis. Conclusions: Moderate and vigorous physical activity is directly related to the dimensions physical functioning, the general perception of physical health and inversely related with the dimension burden of disease.

Diagnosis of the empathie situation in students of physioteraphy: cross-sectional study / Diagnóstico de la situación empática en estudiantes de fisioterapia (colombia): estudio transversal

Abstract Objective: Diagnosis of the empathie situation in the physiotherapy students of the Simón Bolívar University. Barranquilla. Colombia. Material and methods: Transversal study. Empathy levels were measured in 430 students along with the reliability of the data. The mean and deviation were estimated in two factors: Gender and Courses. The data were processed using a bifactorial variance analysis (model III), calculated the effect size, the power of the test and the Possible Growth Potential of the empathy and of each of its components considering the gender. The level of significance was α<0.05 and β>0.80. The SPSS 22.0 program was used. Results: There are differences between courses but not between gender. The differences between courses were observed in empathy in general and two of its components and all possible growth potential were positive. Conclusions: The empathic decline model is not met, there are no differences between the genders and the factors studied explain the empathic behavior observed. The characteristics indicated constitute the diagnosis of the empathic situation and constitute a guide to construct an intervention.

Resumen Objetivo: Diagnóstico de la situación empática en los estudiantes de fisioterapia de la Universidad Simón Bolívar. Barranquilla. Colombia. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal. Se midieron los niveles de empatía a 430 estudiantes y la confiabilidad de los datos. Fueron estimadas la media y desviación en dos factores: Género y Cursos. Los datos fueron procesados mediante un análisis de varianza bifactorial (modelo III), calculado el tamaño del efecto, la potencia de la prueba y el Potencial de Crecimiento Posible de la empatia y de cada uno de sus componentes considerando el género. El nivel de significación fue de α<0,05 y β>0,80. Se empleó el programa SPSS 22.0. Resultados: Existen diferencias entre los cursos pero no en el género. Las diferencias entre cursos se observaron en la empatía en general y dos de sus componentes y todos los Potenciales de Crecimiento Posible fueron positivos. Conclusiones: El modelo de declinación empática no se cumple, no hay diferencias entre los géneros y los factores estudiados explican todo el comportamiento empático observado. Las características señaladas constituyen el diagnóstico de la situación empática y constituyen una guía para construir una intervención.

Evaluación de los niveles de actividad física en universitarios mediante método directo / Physical activity level assessment in university students by direct method

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar a través de un método de medición directo de la actividad física, las categorías en las que se ubican un grupo de estudiantes universitarios; así como relacionar estas categorías con variables de tipo sociodemográfico y antropométrico. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal y fase comparativa en 601 estudiantes universitarios a los que se les indagó sobre las variables sociodemográficas: género, edad, estado civil y estrato socioeconómico y autopercepción de salud. Se determinó el Índice de Masa Corporal y los niveles de actividad física mediante el Test de Clasificación de Sedentarismo de Pérez-Rojas-García sobre el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardíaca. Resultados Se observó diferencias significativas (p=0,000) en la frecuencia cardíaca entre activos e inactivos, en los inactivos fue de 143,4 p/m en comparación con 115,1 p/m en los activos. Con respecto a los resultados de la regresión logística, los estudiantes de género femenino presentan mayor riesgo de ser inactivos físicamente con la prueba objetiva [OR 2,6 (1,9-3,6)]; asimismo, se observa que las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad tienen mayor probabilidad de ser inactivos [OR 1,9 (1,4-2,9)]. Conclusión Se evidencia una elevada frecuencia de inactividad física en la población universitaria, asociada significativamente a la obesidad y al género femenino, datos que se convierten en una línea de base fundamental para la elaboración de programas de entrenamiento y actividad física específicos para población universitaria.(AU)

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the categories in which a group of university students are classified by directly measuring physical activity, and to relate these categories with socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. Materials and Methods Cross-sectional and comparative phase study in 601 university students who were interviewed to inquire about socio-demographic variables such as sex, age, marital status, socioeconomic status and self- perceived health. Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity levels were determined by applying the Perez-Rojas-García Sedentarism Classification Test on heart rate behavior. Results Significant heart rate differences (p=0.000) between the active and the inactive group of university students were observed. The inactive group had a heart rate of 143.4 bpm compared to 115.1 bpm in the active group. Regarding the results of the logistic regression, female students had a greater risk of being physically inactive in the objective test [OR 2.6 (1.9 to 3.6)], while overweight and obese people are more likely to be inactive [OR 1.9 (1.4-2.9)]. Conclusion The assessment shows that a high prevalence of physical inactivity in university students is significantly associated with obesity and the female sex. This Information is fundamental for designing specific training programs and physical activities for university students.(AU)

Association between socio-environmental factors and the practice of physical activity in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study / Asociación entre factores socioambientales y la práctica de actividad física en mujeres embarazadas: estudio de corte transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To establish the relationship between social and environmental determinants and the practice of physical activity in pregnant women. Materials and methods: Cross-section study conducted in pregnant women with no contraindication to physical activity; these women came for prenatal consultation and were affiliated to two healthcare providers in Barranquilla and Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. Sampling was intentional. The social and demographic characteristics were evaluated, as well as the levels of physical activity and the perception of socio-environmental factors, including neighborhood infrastructure, esthetic considerations, the social environment, road connectivity, safety and surrounding traffic conditions. The raw Odds Ratio (OR) was estimated. Results: Out of 228 pregnant women, 208 were included in the analysis. 62% of the pregnant women fail to comply with the physical activity recommendations for maintaining their health. Some of the socio-environmental factors associated with a sedentary lifestyle in pregnancy are: living far away to walk to shops and supermarkets (OR = 5.1; 95 % CI: 2.8-9.4); poor sidewalk conditions (OR = 3.4; 95 % CI: 1.9-6.3); few people exercising around the neighborhood (OR = 4.1; 95 % CI: 2.2-7.5); not safe to walk during the day or evening (OR = 3.6; 95 % CI: 1.9-6.4). Conclusion: The perception of the socio-environmental characteristics is associated with physical activity in pregnant women. Interventions are needed to improve the socio-environmental characteristics that impact the perception of the population about these factors, in order to assess its impact on the physical activity of pregnant women.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre factores socioambientales y la práctica de actividad física en mujeres embarazadas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal realizado en mujeres gestantes sin contraindicaciones para realizar actividad física, que asistían a la consulta prenatal, pertenecientes a dos instituciones de salud de la ciudad de Barranquilla y otra de la ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. El muestreo fue intencional. Se evaluaron las características sociodemográficas, los niveles de actividad física y la percepción de factores socioambientales como infraestructura del barrio, las cualidades estéticas, el ambiente social, la conexión entre las calles, la seguridad y tráfico en el barrio. Se estimó la razón de odds (OR). Resultados: De un total de 228 mujeres gestantes se incluyeron 208 en el análisis. El 62% de las gestantes no cumplen las recomendaciones de actividad física para mantener su salud. Entre los factores socioambientales relacionados con la inactividad física de las embarazadas están el residir a mucha distancia de tiendas y supermercados para ir caminando (OR = 5,1; IC 95 %: 2,8-9,4); presencia de aceras en mal estado en las calles (OR = 3,4; IC 95 %: 1,9-6,3); pocas personas físicamente activas en el barrio (OR = 4,1; IC 95 %: 2,2-7,5); inseguridad en el día y en la noche para caminar (OR = 3,6; IC 95 %: 1,9-6,4). Conclusión: La percepción de las características socioambientales está asociada a la actividad física de las gestantes. Se requieren intervenciones que mejoren las características socioambientales que afectan la percepción de estos factores en la población, para evaluar su efecto en la actividad física de las gestantes.

[Physical activity level assessment in university students by direct method]. / Evaluación de los niveles de actividad física en universitarios mediante método directo.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the categories in which a group of university students are classified by directly measuring physical activity, and to relate these categories with socio-demographic and anthropometric variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional and comparative phase study in 601 university students who were interviewed to inquire about socio-demographic variables such as sex, age, marital status, socioeconomic status and self- perceived health. Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity levels were determined by applying the Perez-Rojas-García Sedentarism Classification Test on heart rate behavior. RESULTS: Significant heart rate differences (p=0.000) between the active and the inactive group of university students were observed. The inactive group had a heart rate of 143.4 bpm compared to 115.1 bpm in the active group. Regarding the results of the logistic regression, female students had a greater risk of being physically inactive in the objective test [OR 2.6 (1.9 to 3.6)], while overweight and obese people are more likely to be inactive [OR 1.9 (1.4-2.9)]. CONCLUSION: The assessment shows that a high prevalence of physical inactivity in university students is significantly associated with obesity and the female sex. This Information is fundamental for designing specific training programs and physical activities for university students.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a través de un método de medición directo de la actividad física, las categorías en las que se ubican un grupo de estudiantes universitarios; así como relacionar estas categorías con variables de tipo sociodemográfico y antropométrico. MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal y fase comparativa en 601 estudiantes universitarios a los que se les indagó sobre las variables sociodemográficas: género, edad, estado civil y estrato socioeconómico y autopercepción de salud. Se determinó el Índice de Masa Corporal y los niveles de actividad física mediante el Test de Clasificación de Sedentarismo de Pérez-Rojas-García sobre el comportamiento de la frecuencia cardíaca. RESULTADOS: Se observó diferencias significativas (p=0,000) en la frecuencia cardíaca entre activos e inactivos, en los inactivos fue de 143,4 p/m en comparación con 115,1 p/m en los activos. Con respecto a los resultados de la regresión logística, los estudiantes de género femenino presentan mayor riesgo de ser inactivos físicamente con la prueba objetiva [OR 2,6 (1,9-3,6)]; asimismo, se observa que las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad tienen mayor probabilidad de ser inactivos [OR 1,9 (1,4-2,9)]. CONCLUSIÓN: Se evidencia una elevada frecuencia de inactividad física en la población universitaria, asociada significativamente a la obesidad y al género femenino, datos que se convierten en una línea de base fundamental para la elaboración de programas de entrenamiento y actividad física específicos para población universitaria.

Estilos de vida saludables de niños, niñas y adolescentes / Healthy lifestyles of children and adolescents

Resumen Objetivo: Describir los estilos de vida saludables de niños, niñas y adolescentes de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 991 niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se evaluó la actividad física mediante los cuestionarios de Actividad Física para Adolescentes y para niños escolares; se aplicó una encuesta que midió los conocimientos y prácticas de los escolares sobre salud bucal, lavado de manos, consumo de frutas y verduras y cuidado postural; la Lista de Chequeo "Mi Vida en la Escuela", la cual evalúa los índices de "bullying" y agresión; y la inteligencia emocional a través dela escala TMMS-24. Resultados: El 65,4 % se categoriza como inactivos físicamente. Solo el 14,7% de los estudiantes reconoce que el peso máximo del bolso es el 10 % de su peso corporal; el 34,1 % cambia el cepillo de dientes cada 3 meses, como lo recomiendan los expertos, y 48,4 % se cepilla los dientes entre 2 y 3 veces al día. El 16,6 % no se lava las manos antes y después de ir al baño y 9,4 % no lo hace antes y después de las comidas; el 17,5 % no tiene un buen consumo de verduras y frutas; y se encontró un Índice de "bullying" en el 55,6 % de los participantes. Conclusión: Los anteriores resultados obligan a plantear intervenciones que incrementen las prácticas saludables en niños, niñas y adolescentes.

Abstract Objective: To describe the healthy lifestyles of children and adolescents in Barranquilla. Materials and methods: descriptive cross-sectional study in 991 children and adolescents. Physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and school children; a survey that measured the knowledge and practices of school oral health, hand washing, eating fruits and vegetables and postural care was applied; the Checklist "My Life in School", which evaluates rates bullying and aggression; and emotional intelligence through the TMMS-24 scale. Results: The 65.4% were categorized as physically inactive. Only 14.7 % of students recognize that the maximum weight of the bag is 10% of their body weight; 34.1% change the toothbrush every three months as recommended by experts and 48,4% % brushes his teeth between 2 and 3 times a day; 16.6 % do not wash their hands before and after using the toilet and 9.4 % do not have before and after meals; 17.5 % have a good intake of vegetables and fruits; Index bullying and was found in 55.6 % of participants. Conclusion: The above results raise require interventions that increase healthy practices in children and adolescents.