RESUMO
The year 2022 saw record breaking temperatures in Europe during both summer and fall. Similar to the recent 2018 drought, close to 30% (3.0 million km2) of the European continent was under severe summer drought. In 2022, the drought was located in central and southeastern Europe, contrasting the Northern-centered 2018 drought. We show, using multiple sets of observations, a reduction of net biospheric carbon uptake in summer (56-62 TgC) over the drought area. Specific sites in France even showed a widespread summertime carbon release by forests, additional to wildfires. Partial compensation (32%) for the decreased carbon uptake due to drought was offered by a warm autumn with prolonged biospheric carbon uptake. The severity of this second drought event in 5 years suggests drought-induced reduced carbon uptake to no longer be exceptional, and important to factor into Europe's developing plans for net-zero greenhouse gas emissions that rely on carbon uptake by forests.
Assuntos
Carbono , Florestas , Temperatura , Carbono/análise , Europa (Continente) , Temperatura Alta , Secas , Mudança ClimáticaRESUMO
Esta Nota Técnica tem por objetivo examinar a evolução dos preços dos planos de saúde no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2018. Constatou-se que a taxa de inflação acumulada dos planos foi superior à taxa de inflação da economia e da saúde. Isso explica, em parte, o fato de a Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar (ANS) ter aprovado recentemente a nova metodologia de cálculo do reajuste dos planos individuais e familiares em dezembro de 2018.
