RESUMO
Dengue is a viral infection caused by the dengue virus (DENV). Dengue infection is a self-limited acute febrile illness caused by four serotypes of DENV (DENV-1~4). Early recognition of high-risk patients would be helpful to reduce mortality rates and prevent severe dengue. Our study aimed to identify factors related to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) based on admission-day data, and further to understand the distribution of biochemical laboratory data in dengue patients. This retrospective study was conducted in hospitals in Yogyakarta city, Indonesia, and involved febrile patients who were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of dengue during 2018 and 2020. Logistic regression models were used to identify variables related to DHF. In this study, 1087 patients were included as suspected dengue patients, among them 468 had dengue fever (DF) and 619 had DHF. Over half of the DHF patients were males (55.9%) with an average age of 17.9 years, and with a secondary infection (71.3%). By a multivariate analysis, on-admission laboratory data of thrombocytopenia and hemoglobin showed significant association with DHF. Furthermore, DHF patients had significantly prolonged hospitalizations compared to DF patients. In conclusion, on-admission platelet counts and hemoglobin laboratory data are useful as predictors of DHF especially for suspected dengue patients with the limitations of diagnostic tests.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Increasing community awareness about the transmission and treatment of COVID-19 will stop the spread of the virus. Pharmacy students are the potential facilitator to give community education about COVID-19 treatment. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pharmacy students' knowledge of COVID-19 treatment, behavior, and attitude of providing the information about COVID-19 treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted cross-sectional study, recruiting 429 pharmacy students from three schools of pharmacy in Indonesia. The questionnaire about the knowledge of COVID-19 treatment, behavior, and attitude of providing the information on COVID-19 treatment met the validity and reliability criteria. We defined the proportion of knowledge, behavior, and attitude of the students using SPSS® version 22. RESULTS: Most of the students are in the earlier years (46.63%), female (84.15%), find the information about COVID-19 from many sources of media (85.08%) including scientific articles and know information about COVID-19 transmission around their life area (76.46%). The students' knowledge about antiviral and plasma convalescent is good (>70%), the positive behaviors are related to the COVID-19 treatment information regarding to the antiviral and the provision of Vitamin C (>50%), and the positive attitude are related to giving information about the use of avigan®, plasma convalescent, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and immunomodulator (>50%). CONCLUSIONS: As a future pharmacist, the knowledge of pharmacy students about COVID-19 treatment needs to be improved since earlier years. Furthermore, using the good knowledge about COVID-19 treatment, the positive behavior and attitude of providing information of the students, the community behavior and attitude will be improved. The high year students have a tendency for the good knowledge and positive behavior and attitude of providing the information.
