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OBJECTIVES: The main objective was to describe physicians' perception of their knowledge, skill, and safety before and after training to perform videolaryngoscopy while using the Intubox barrier system when managing the airway of a patient with the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). The secondary objective was to assess the safety afforded by the barrier by means of visually evaluating particle dispersion during intubation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Single-arm clinical simulation trial. The participants were physicians who received training in both a lowfidelity and a high-fidelity simulation zone. The participants assessed their knowledge, skill, and safety when using the Intubox before and after training using a specially designed and validated questionnaire. Droplet contamination was estimated visually. RESULTS: Twenty-seven physicians with a mean (SD) age of 40 (10.8) years participated; 63% were women. They perceived their knowledge, skill, and safety to be significantly higher after training. Droplet contamination was seen to decrease when airway management maneuvers were done with the barrier in place. CONCLUSION: After simulation training the emergency physicians judged their knowledge, skill, and safety to be greater when they used the barrier during airway management in patients with COVID-19. The combined use of a laryngoscope and the Intubox barrier resulted in less particle dispersion during intubation.
OBJETIVO: El objetivo principal fue describir el grado de percepción sobre el conocimiento, las habilidades y la seguridad antes y después de un programa de entrenamiento con videolaringoscopia y mecanismo de protección Intubox® en el manejo de la vía aérea de pacientes con COVID-19. El objetivo secundario fue evaluar la seguridad de los dispositivos de barrera en la intubación a través de un análisis visual de dispersión de partículas. METODO: Ensayo clínico de un solo brazo basado en simulación. Los participantes fueron médicos que realizaron un programa de formación mediante simulación clínica de baja y alta fidelidad. Se usó un instrumento diseñado y validado específico para evaluar la percepción sobre el conocimiento, las habilidades y la seguridad antes y después del programa. Se realizó un análisis visual de la contaminación por gotas. RESULTADOS: La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 27 médicos, con una edad media de 40 (DE 10,8) años y el 63% mujeres. Se obtuvo un incremento estadísticamente significativo en las dimensiones conocimiento, habilidad y seguridad tras el entrenamiento. Se observó una menor contaminación cuando se realizaron las técnicas de manejo de vía aérea con urna protectora. CONCLUSIONES: Los urgenciólogos incrementaron su percepción sobre los conocimientos, habilidades y seguridad en el manejo de la vía aérea en pacientes con COVID-19 tras un programa de formación con simulación. El uso combinado de laringoscopia y dispositivo de barrera Intubox® causó menor dispersión de partículas durante la intubación.
Assuntos
Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/métodos , COVID-19/terapia , Competência Clínica , Educação Médica Continuada/métodos , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa do Paciente para o Profissional/prevenção & controle , Laringoscopia/educação , Adulto , Manuseio das Vias Aéreas/instrumentação , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Laringoscopia/instrumentação , Laringoscopia/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Segurança do Paciente , Percepção , Autoeficácia , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
AIM: To examine the influence of health care provider's communication skills on the quality of care perceived by Emergency Department patients. BACKGROUND: Communication between patients and health care providers in the context of Emergency Department is challenging and can potentially have a negative impact on the quality of care perceived by patients. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Emergency Department at the University Clinical Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca of Murcia, Spain. METHOD: Data were collected from 6 to 9 June 2016. Different instruments were used to evaluate the perception of patients on the communication skills and quality of care at the Emergency Department. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 200 patients, with an average age of 44.1 (SD = 18.3), of which 106 (53%) were men. The multiple linear regression analysis showed the association between communication skills (respect, problem solving, and nonverbal communication) and age with the quality of care perceived by the patients. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the communication skills of the health care providers were explanatory variables of the quality of care perceived in an Emergency Department.
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Comunicação , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/organização & administração , Satisfação do Paciente , Competência Profissional , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Adulto , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Pessoal de Saúde , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To design and validate a clinical simulation method for training nurses to use the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) for triage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in the emergency department of Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca in Murcia, Spain. The educational intervention had 3 phases focused on theory, skills, and application. The participants, who were nurses with at least a year's experience in the emergency department, numbered 55, 43, and 32 in each phase, respectively. They undertook training in ESI for triage (phase 1), participated in simulations with patient-actors (phase 2), and applied their acquired skills (phase 3). We used Cohen's K and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to compare the nurses' triage assignments to gold-standard triage assignments. RESULTS: We had data for 1100, 799, and 410 observations of performance in each phase, respectively. Agreement statistics between the nurses' performance and the gold standard were 0.68, 0.67, and 0.68 (Cohen's K) and 0.870, 0.836, and 0.811 (ICC) in each phase, respectively. These results reflect good agreement. CONCLUSION: This study supports the relevance of clinical simulations for training nurses to implement structured triage, and in particular to use the ESI. We can state that this study opens the door to further research into whether the reliability of triage can be improved by using this approach, specifically whether it can facilitate better interobserver agreement.
OBJETIVO: Diseñar y validar un modelo pedagógico articulado en torno a técnicas de simulación clínica, dirigido a formar al personal de enfermería en el sistema de triaje norteamericano Emergency Severity Index (ESI). METODO: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el servicio de urgencias del Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). Se ha estructurado en tres fases (conocimiento teórico, adquisición de habilidades y aplicabilidad), con una muestra de 55, 43 y 32 participantes respectivamente (enfermeros con experiencia mínima de 1 año en urgencias) a los que, tras una formación en triaje ESI, participaron en sesiones de simulación de triaje con pacientes-actores y, en la última fase, con pacientes reales en un escenario real. Para analizar el grado de concordancia entre el nivel adjudicado por los enfermeros y el patrón oro se utilizó el índice kappa de Cohen (K) y coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). RESULTADOS: En las tres fases se obtuvieron 1.100, 799 y 410 observaciones con un grado de acuerdo, según el índice K de Cohen, de 0,68, 0,67 y 0,68, y un CCI, de 0,870, 0,836 y 0,811, respectivamente. Los resultados obtenidos expresan un grado de acuerdo y concordancia bueno. CONCLUSIONES: Este trabajo establece la pertinencia de la simulación clínica como herramienta docente en los programas de formación en técnicas de triaje estructurado y, en especial, en el sistema de triaje ESI. A partir de los resultados de fiabilidad obtenidos (concordancia interobservador), podemos afirmar que se abre una nueva vía de investigación para demostrar si esta nueva técnica es capaz de mejorar la fiabilidad en la toma de decisiones de triaje.
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OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is valid for triage according to evidence based on classifying real patients in a general referral hospital's emergency department. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in the emergency department of Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca in Murcia. Thirty-two nurses used the ESI algorithm to triage 410 patients as they arrived seeking care. The results were compared to a gold standard (a triage expert's opinion, which was later confirmed by an expert committee after discussion, if necessary, of cases for which opinions were not unanimous). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, under- and over-triage rates, as well as descriptive statistics about resource assignment, exitus, patients who left without being seen, destination on discharge, and times. RESULTS: ESI was highly correlated with resources (ρ = -0.717, P < .01) and moderately correlated with destination on discharge (ρ = -0.437, P < .01). Regarding time spent in the department, we found that patients assigned ESI levels 1 and 2 had significantly longer stays, and those assigned ESI levels 4 and 5 had significantly shorter stays (p < 0,001). Interobserver agreement was good or very good, indicating that this triage tool is reliable. CONCLUSION: This pilot of the ESI triage algorithm in the emergency department of a referral hospital found evidence supporting the system's validity.
OBJETIVO: Obtener evidencias de validez del sistema de triaje Emergency Severity Index (ESI) en una experiencia con pacientes reales en el servicio de urgencias (SU) de un hospital general. METODO: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, realizado en el SU del Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (Murcia). Participaron 32 enfermeros que realizaron 410 experiencias de triaje (utilizando el algoritmo del sistema de triaje ESI) en pacientes reales que acudieron a urgencias. Los resultados se compararon con un patrón oro representado inicialmente por la opinión de un experto en triaje y corroborado posteriormente por un comité de expertos tras una discusión de consenso en los casos en que fue requerido (opiniones no unánimes). Se calculó la sensibilidad, la especificidad, subtriaje, sobretriaje y los estadísticos descriptivos de las variables recursos, fallecimiento/fuga, destino y tiempo de estancia. RESULTADOS: Los recursos y el destino con el nivel ESI arrojaron correlaciones altas para la primera Rho = 0,717, p < 0,01 y moderadas para la segunda Rho = 0,437, p < 0,01. En el tiempo de estancia según el nivel ESI se observó que los pacientes con niveles ESI 1 y 2 fueron los que permanecieron más tiempo, y con niveles 4 y 5 los que menos, y estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,001). El acuerdo interobservador fue bueno o muy bueno y refuerza la fiabilidad de la herramienta. CONCLUSIONES: Se han obtenido evidencias de validez en la aplicación piloto del sistema de triaje ESI en un hospital de referencia.