RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe an identified association between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and prenatal opioid exposure with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in late preterm and full-term neonates. STUDY DESIGN: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we analyzed inborn neonates with the diagnosis of NEC discharged from 2012 through 2017. We compared infants with NECâ>â35 weeks' gestation to those with NEC<35 weeks' gestation. We compared gestational age, birth weight, age of onset of symptoms, and incidence of prenatal drug exposure between groups. Significance was determined using Mann-Whitney and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Over the study period, 23 infants were identified with NEC, 9 (39%) were babiesâ>â35 weeks at birth and 14 (61%)â<â35 weeks. Thoseâ>â35 weeks had a higher birth weight, earlier onset of symptoms, and a higher percentage of prenatal exposure to opioids compared to thoseâ<â35 weeks' gestation. We further described seven infants with late gestational age onset NEC associated with prenatal opioid exposure. CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of infants with NEC discharged over a 6 year period we found a higher than expected percentage of infants born at a later gestational age. We speculate that prenatal opioid exposure might be a risk factor for NEC in neonates born atâ>â35 weeks.
Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/efeitos adversos , Enterocolite Necrosante/epidemiologia , Idade Gestacional , Síndrome de Abstinência Neonatal/epidemiologia , Analgésicos Opioides/sangue , Buprenorfina/efeitos adversos , Buprenorfina/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Sangue Fetal , Heroína/efeitos adversos , Heroína/sangue , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Masculino , Metadona/efeitos adversos , Metadona/sangue , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Opioides/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
After mass spawning events, coral embryos, lacking the protective capsule of other metazoans, are directly exposed to the environment at the ocean surface. Here, we present evidence that modest turbulence disrupts the integrity of these embryos, which fragment into totipotent cells that develop into proportionately smaller functional larvae. The level of turbulence required to fragment coral embryos can be generated from small wind-generated waves, which occur frequently during coral spawning on the Great Barrier Reef. The formation of planktonic coral clones, through natural embryo fragmentation of broadcast spawn, is a previously unknown mode of reproduction in the animal kingdom.
Assuntos
Antozoários/embriologia , Antozoários/fisiologia , Recifes de Corais , Embrião não Mamífero/fisiologia , Água do Mar , Movimentos da Água , Animais , Blastômeros/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reprodução , VentoRESUMO
Fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of reef-building corals are important life history events leading to recruitment of juvenile corals to reef populations. Little is known of the sensitivity of these early life phases to pollution, or their relative susceptibility to certain toxicants compared with established coral colonies. Inhibition of fertilisation and larval metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora (Ehrenberg, 1834) was assessed in response to solutions of the antifoulants tributyltin (TBT) and copper (Cu) using laboratory-based bioassays. Nominal concentrations that inhibited 50% fertilisation and metamorphosis (IC50) were calculated from 4 h fertilisation and 24 h metamorphosis assays and were based on introduced dose. Cu was most potent towards fertilisation with an IC50 of 17.4 micrograms/l. TBT however, proved more toxic to larval metamorphosis having an IC50 of 2.0 micrograms/l. Inert surfaces coated with either Cu- or TBT-based antifouling paint also inhibited fertilisation and metamorphosis. The degree of inhibition was correlated with surface area of the paint coating. These results indicate fertilisation and metamorphosis of coral can be sensitive to active components of antifouling paints.
Assuntos
Cnidários/efeitos dos fármacos , Cobre/toxicidade , Metamorfose Biológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Trialquitina/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Cnidários/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cnidários/fisiologia , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Pintura/toxicidade , Plásticos/toxicidade , Poluição Química da Água/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the preprotein growth hormone (pre-GH) from two Australian marine fish species, namely Acanthopagrus butcheri and Lates calcarifer, have been isolated, cloned and sequenced. The sequences were amplified from reverse transcribed total RNA of whole brains using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the 5' and 3' regions of Pagrus major. Use of PCR offers a rapid method of isolating fish GH cDNA sequences for commercial and taxonomic applications. Sequence comparison indicates a high degree of conservation for GH cDNAs within the family Sparidae.