Effect of systemic antibiotic therapy on pulp repair following extrusive luxation and avulsion in a murine model: A histomorphological study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The evidence for any benefit of systemic antibiotic therapy on pulp survival following extrusive luxation and avulsion is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of systemic antibiotic therapy with amoxycillin and tetracycline for 7 days on different aspects of dental pulp repair in a murine model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The right maxillary incisor of 180 4 to 8-week-old male Wistar rats underwent extrusive luxation or avulsion. The animals were then treated with saline solution (control), tetracycline, or amoxicillin administered intra-gastrically for 7 days, and euthanized at 7, 15, and 30 days post-operatively. The layer of odontoblast cells, reparative dentin deposition, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, pulp necrosis, and periapical inflammatory infiltrate were histomorphologically analyzed and scored. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests were used to compare mean scores for the different procedures, treatments, and times (p ≤ .05). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between luxated and avulsed teeth (p < .05). In luxated teeth, no differences were observed among treatments and times, except for more tertiary dentin deposition in the coronal third with the use of tetracycline compared with amoxicillin at 15 days (p < .05). In avulsed teeth, higher scores for the layer of odontoblast cells and lower scores for periapical inflammatory infiltrate at 7 days and pulp necrosis at 7 and 15 days were observed in the amoxicillin group compared to the saline and tetracycline groups (p < .05). At 30 days, however, no differences were observed among treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The use of systemic antibiotic therapy with tetracycline or amoxicillin for 7 days did not contribute to pulp repair following extrusive luxation or avulsion in rats. However, the results warrant further research into the use of amoxicillin for a more extended period of time in cases of avulsion.

Calcific metamorphosis of pulp after extrusive luxation.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The literature on the pathogenesis of extrusive dental luxation has been focused on periodontal tissue responses, with little attention given to the pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of dental pulp of teeth following extrusive luxation in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The maxillary right central incisors of 30 rats were extrusively luxated and repositioned after 5 minutes. The animals were euthanized after 7, 15, and 30 days to provide three groups: I, II, and III, respectively (n = 10). Histological sections were stained with H and E for histomorphometric analysis of the odontoblast layer, reparative dentin deposition, Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, pulp necrosis, and periapical inflammatory infiltrate. RESULTS: In most cases, new vascular formation occured in association with reparative dentin deposition on the root walls and within the pulp. In some cases, dentin deposition occupied the entire pulp space over time, with no other types of non-odontogenic hard tissues being observed. Pulp necrosis with the presence of periapical inflammatory infiltrate was also observed in a few cases. No statistical differences were observed among the studied groups. CONCLUSIONS: Following extrusive luxation, calcific metamorphosis of the pulp is very likely to occur.

External apical root resorption diagnosis by using FII human dentine fraction and salivary IGg.

BACKGROUND: External apical root resorption as a consequence of orthodontic treatment is an inflammatory pathological process that results in permanent loss of tooth structure from the root apex. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of human dentine fractions and salivary IgG in external apical root resorption. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Saliva samples were collected from 10 patients before (T0) and after 3 (T3), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months of orthodontic treatment. The total dentinal extract, obtained from human third molars, was fractioned by gel filtration chromatography in three fractions denominated FI, FII and FIII. The root resorption analysis of the upper central incisors was performed by digital image subtraction method. Reactivity of salivary IgG to antigenic fractions of dentine was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). RESULTS: Regardless of treatment, FI dentin fraction with high MM (<300kDa) was the one that presented highest reactivity with salivary IgG. However, it was found higher salivary IgG reactivity for FII (69 to 45 kilodalton [kDa]) as compared to FIII (<45kDa) at (T6) and (T12), (P<0.05), the same periods in that the root resorptions were detected. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that FII human dentine fraction and salivary IgG have potential to be used in diagnosis and monitoring of external apical root resorption. The development of a practical and accessible biochemical test using saliva and FII dentine fraction may help in the prevention of severe root resorption.

Dragon's Blood Sap (Croton Lechleri) As Storage Medium For Avulsed Teeth: In Vitro Study Of Cell Viability.

Tooth replantation success depends on the condition of cementum periodontal ligament after tooth avulsion; which is influenced by storage medium. The dragon's blood (Croton lechleri) sap has been suggested as a promising medium because it supports collagen formation and exhibits healing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dragon's blood sap as a storage medium for avulsed teeth through evaluation of functional and metabolic cell viability. This in vitro study compared the efficacy of different storage media to maintain the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear and periodontal ligament cells. A 10% dragon's blood sap was tested while PBS was selected as its control. Ultra pasteurized whole milk was used for comparison as a commonly used storage medium. DMEM and distilled water were the positive and negative controls, respectively. The viability was assessed through trypan blue exclusion test and colorimetric MTT assay after 1, 3, 6, 10 and 24 h of incubation. The dragon's blood sap showed promising results due to its considerable maintenance of cell viability. For trypan blue test, the dragon's blood sap was similar to milk (p<0.05) and both presented the highest viability values. For MTT, the dragon's blood sap showed better results than all storage media, even better than milk (p<0.05). It was concluded that the dragon's blood sap was as effective as milk, the gold standard for storage medium. The experimental sap preserved the membrane of all cells and the functional viability of periodontal ligament cells.

Dragon's Blood Sap (Croton Lechleri) As Storage Medium For Avulsed Teeth: In Vitro Study Of Cell Viability

Abstract Tooth replantation success depends on the condition of cementum periodontal ligament after tooth avulsion; which is influenced by storage medium. The dragon's blood (Croton lechleri) sap has been suggested as a promising medium because it supports collagen formation and exhibits healing, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dragon's blood sap as a storage medium for avulsed teeth through evaluation of functional and metabolic cell viability. This in vitro study compared the efficacy of different storage media to maintain the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear and periodontal ligament cells. A 10% dragon's blood sap was tested while PBS was selected as its control. Ultra pasteurized whole milk was used for comparison as a commonly used storage medium. DMEM and distilled water were the positive and negative controls, respectively. The viability was assessed through trypan blue exclusion test and colorimetric MTT assay after 1, 3, 6, 10 and 24 h of incubation. The dragon's blood sap showed promising results due to its considerable maintenance of cell viability. For trypan blue test, the dragon's blood sap was similar to milk (p<0.05) and both presented the highest viability values. For MTT, the dragon's blood sap showed better results than all storage media, even better than milk (p<0.05). It was concluded that the dragon's blood sap was as effective as milk, the gold standard for storage medium. The experimental sap preserved the membrane of all cells and the functional viability of periodontal ligament cells.

Resumo O sucesso do reimplante dentário depende da condição apresentada pelo ligamento periodontal cementário pós-avulsão que pode ser influenciado pelo meio de estocagem. O Sangue de Dragão (Croton lechleri) é sugerido como um meio promissor por auxiliar na formação de novo colágeno e apresentar propriedades cicatrizante, anti-inflamatória, antimicrobiana. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia da seiva Sangue de Dragão como meio de estocagem para dentes avulsionados por meio da aferição da viabilidade funcional e metabólica celular. Este estudo in vitro comparou a eficácia dos meios para a manutenção da viabilidade das células mononucleares de sangue periférico humano e do ligamento periodontal mantidas em cultura. Foi testada a diluição a 10% da seiva Sangue de Dragão enquanto que a PBS foi selecionada como seu controle. O leite ultrapasteurizado integral foi utilizado como meio comparativo por ser tradicionalmente utilizado como meio de estocagem. O DMEM e a água destilada foram os controles positivos e negativos, respectivamente. A avaliação da viabilidade foi feita por meio dos testes de exclusão por Azul de Tripan e colorimétrica a base de tetrazolato (MTT), após 1, 3, 6, 10 e 24 h de incubação. A seiva Sangue de Dragão apresentou resultados promissores devido à sua considerável manutenção da viabilidade celular. Para a metodologia com o Azul de Tripan, a seiva Sangue de Dragão foi semelhante ao leite.

Circulating dentinal antigen-antibody immune complexes during orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

BACKGROUND: The immunogenic potential of dentin has been reported through dentin-reactive autoantibodies detection in human and animal model. This study aimed to investigate the formation and diagnostic value of immune complexes formation after autoantibodies production, and soluble dentin antigens levels associated to root resorption, in the course of orthodontic tooth movement, in rat experimental model. METHODS: Forty Wistar rats (n = 8 for each group) were submitted to orthodontic tooth movement, in which the maxillary right first molar was mesially moved by applying of 55 g of force for 3, 7, 14, or 21 days. Untreated group was used as control. Circulating autoantibodies to rat dentinal extract, immune complexes, and soluble dentinal antigen levels were determined by immunoenzyme assays. Additionally, dentinal antigens were analyzed by immunoblot. RESULTS: Higher serum dentin-reactive IgG and immune complex levels were detected in the 14- and 21-day groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 respectively) but not in circulating dentinal antigen levels (p > 0.05), as compared to the control group. Reactivity was found to dentinal components with molecular mass (MM) ~120 and ~150 kDa, by immunoblot. CONCLUSION: This work represents the first evidence of immune complexes formation and circulating soluble dentin antigens associated to root resorption in orthodontic tooth movement. Immune complexes formation could be used to early diagnosis of external root resorption.

Histological evaluation of the rat dental pulp after indirect capping with sildenafil or L-NAME incorporated into a bioadhesive thermoresponsive system / Avaliação histológica da polpa dental do rato após capeamento pulpar indireto usando sildenafil ou L-NAME incorporados a um sistema bioadesivo termorresponsivo

We evaluated the histological dental pulp state in vivo after indirect pulp capping using sildenafil or LG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME), incorporated into a new bioadhesive thermoresponsive system (BTS). Male Wistar rats were subjected to an upper and lower first molar class I cavity preparation followed by indirect pulp capping with sildenafil or L-NAME. Calcium hydroxide (CaOH2) was used as a control. The teeth and surrounding bone were properly dissected and processed for Nissl's staining. Pulp state was evaluated considering the morphological aspects of the inflammatory response, type of inflammatory infiltrate, organization of the odontoblast layer, blood vessel condition, and presence of abscesses or necrosis. The results were expressed as average of observations. The most intense inflammatory response was observed 3 days after the cavity preparation. No identified changes were detected in the dental pulp response of the molars treated with L-NAME compared with those treated with CaOH2. A dual effect was observed in the teeth treated with sildenafil. While low sildenafil concentration (0.015% w w-1) promoted effects comparable to CaOH2, at a higher concentration (0.15% w w-1), sildenafil caused a severe inflammatory response and pulp necrosis. This pioneering suggest that NO pathway activity may be a determinant in the process of dental pulp healing.

Avaliou-se o estado histológico da polpa dental in vivo após capeamento pulpar indireto usando sildenafil ou LG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME), incorporados num novo sistema bioadesivo termorresponsivo (BTS). Ratos Wistar machos foram sujeitos ao preparo cavitário, classe I nos primeiros molares superiores e inferiores, seguido de capeamento pulpar indireto com sildenafil ou L-NAME incorporados em BTS. Hidróxido de cálcio (CaOH2) foi usado como controle positivo. Os dentes e tecidos adjacentes foram adequadamente dissecados e processados para a coloração de Nissl. O estado da polpa foi avaliado quanto aos aspectos morfológicos e tipo do infiltrado inflamatório, organização da camada de odontoblastos, condições dos vasos sanguíneos e presença de abcesso ou necrose. A reposta inflamatória mais intensa foi observada três dias após o preparo cavitário. Nenhuma alteração foi detectada na polpa dental dos molares tratados com L-NAME comparados com aqueles tratados com CaOH2. Um efeito dual foi observado nos dentes tratados com sildenafil. Enquanto baixas concentrações de sildenafil (0.015% v v-1) promoveram efeitos comparáveis com o CaOH2, altas concentrações (0.15% v v-1) causaram uma severa resposta inflamatória e necrose pulpar. Este estudo pioneiro sugere que a atividade da via do NO pode ser determinante no processo de cicatrização.

A clínica ampliada na odontologia: avaliação do trabalho clínico onde o ensino acontece / The extended clinic in dentistry: evaluation of where teaching occurs

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o preenchimento do prontuário, a produtividade clínica e o perfil dos pacientes acolhidos pela Clínica Ampliada (CA) do Departamento de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (DOD/UEM), durante o ano de 2012. Três pesquisadores avaliaram um total de 128 prontuários e as informações coletadas se referiam ao perfil geral e socioeconômico do paciente, bem como a 19 campos de preenchimento do prontuário. Com predomínio de pacientes adultos, leucodermas e do gênero feminino observou-se que o preenchimento da anamnese, exame físico, odontograma e relatório de atividades diárias, foram considerados satisfatórios 97%, 84%, 94% e 94%, respectivamente; 35% tiveram seu preenchimento finalizado na primeira sessão; 44 (34%) apresentavam 3 opções de planos de tratamento sendo que 71% desses seguiam a ordem de atendimento proposta pela CA. Nos campos destinados às assinaturas do paciente e docente, respectivamente, 81% e 63% as continham. Apenas 11% dos pacientes receberam alta na CA sendo o restante encaminhado às demais clínicas. O maior tempo de permanência na CA correspondeu a um mês (75%) e o tempo de espera do paciente para o início do atendimento variou de 1 a 6 meses. Dentre as principais áreas atendidas destacaram-se a Periodontia, Dentística, Endodontia, e Cirurgia. A maioria dos prontuários estava corretamente preenchida, mas ainda há a necessidade de se enfatizar a importância dessas anotações, principalmente no que se refere à elaboração das opções de plano de tratamento.

The objective of this study was to verify the filling of the records, clinical productivity and the profile of the patients received at Extended Clinic (CE) of the Dental Department of Maringá State University (DOD/UEM), during the year of 2012. Three researchers evaluated 128 records and the information about the general and socioeconomic profile of the patients, such as 19 padding fields of the records. With the predominance of female, leucoderm adults it was found that the filling of anamnesis, physical exam, odontogram and daily activity reports were satisfactory in 97%, 84%, 94% and 94%, respectively; 35% had its records completed at the first appointment; 44 (34%) showed 3 options of treatment plan and from these 71% followed the sequence proposed by the CE. At the fields destined to patients and professors signatures, respectively, 81% and 63% were correctly filled. Only 11% of the patients were discharged and the remaining were refered to other clinics. The longest duration of stay at CE was one month (75%) and the time of waiting for the begining of the treatment ranged from 1 to 6 months. Among the main areas served there were Periodontics, Dentistic, Endodontics and Surgery. Most of the records were correctly filled, but there is still a need to emphasize its importance, especially as regards the development of treatment plans.

Reabsorção radicular apical de dentes tratados e não tratados endodonticamente após movimentação ortodôntica: uma avaliação radiográfica

Introdução: a reabsorção radicular, expressa, geralmente, como um arredondamento apical, é um dos achados mais comuns da clínica ortodôntico. Objetivo: avaliar radiograficamente se há similaridade na reabsorção radicular apical encontrada em dentes tratados e não tratados endodonticamente quando submetidos à terapia ortodôntica. Métodos: foram estudados 28 pacientes que apresentavam um incisivo central superior tratado endodonticamente (grupo experimental) e seu homólogo vital (grupo controle) antes do início da movimentação ortodôntica. A mensuração foi realizada comparando-se as radiografias periapicais pré e pós-tratamento ortodôntico. Resultados: não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,05) quanto à reabsorção radicular apical entre os dentes endodonticamente tratados ou não. Conclusão: o tratamento endodôntico não interfere no processo de reabsorção apical decorrente da movimentação ortodôntica.

Experiência de clínica ampliada em odontologia na Universidade Estadual de Maringá / An experience with expanded clinical care in dentistry at the State University in Maringá

A clínica ampliada (CA) representa uma estratégia da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH) para reflexão sobre o cuidado com o usuário do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Impulsionados pelo Programa Pró-Saúde e pela PNH, docentes do curso de Odontologia da UEM promoveram uma reestruturação do atendimento clínico ofertado, resultando na implantação da CA. Este trabalho relata a experiência vivenciada na implantação dessa clínica, que visa a promover a interação e o vínculo do aluno com a comunidade e a equipe multiprofissional de saúde, de modo a obter o cuidado integral e humanizado. A CA está estruturada para acolher o usuário em um ambiente multiprofissional, direcionando-o dentro de um fluxograma até a sua alta, promovendo a autonomia na manutenção de sua saúde bucal. A CA tem dado subsídios para melhorar a visão do cuidado integral do usuário da clínica odontológica da UEM, fortalecendo a formação acadêmica e o cuidado prestado à comunidade. Nota-se que a construção coletiva agrega muito valor às ações, mas é um processo lento e depende da maturidade dos envolvidos.

Expanded clinical care is a strategy under the National Policy for Humanized Care for reflection on care for users of the Unified National Health System. Under the impetus of the Pró-Saúde program and the National Policy for Humanized Care, faculty from the School of Dentistry at the State University in Maringá (UEM) conducted a restructuring of clinical care, resulting in the implementation of expanded care. This study reports on the experience with the implementation of such expanded clinical care, aimed at promoting interaction between students, community, and the multi-professional health team, so as to obtain comprehensive and humanized care. Expanded care is structured to receive users in a multi-professional setting, directing them within a flowchart all the way to their discharge and fostering autonomy in the maintenance of their oral health. Expanded care has provided backing for improving the vision of comprehensive care for users of the UEM dental clinic, strengthening academic training and community care. The collective construction adds considerable value to the activities, but it is a slow process that requires maturity on the part of participants.

Manutenção da viabilidade das células mononucleares de sangue periférico humano em extratos e formulações de própolis / Maintenance of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability in propolis extracts and formulations

Neste estudo comparou- se a viabilidade das células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMCs) humano quando mantidas em diferentes extratos e formulações de própolis. As PBMCs (106 cels mL-1), provenientes de doadores saudáveis (n=5), foram estocadas a 20ºC nas diferentes soluções de própolis, assim como em solução salina balanceada de Hank's (HBSS), utilizada como controle do experimento. A viabilidade celular foi determinada pelo método de exclusão com azul de Tripan. Quando incubadas por 1h, apenas dois extratos, denominados A70D e D70D, apresentaram desempenho satisfatório na manutenção da viabilidade celular, semelhante (p > 0,05) ao controle HBSS e diferindo estatisticamente (p < 0,05) das demais formulações. A70D e D70D foram então testados em cinco diluições em propilenoglicol, ao longo de 24h, com análise nos tempos 0, 30 min., 1, 3, 6, 10 e 24h. As frações mais concentradas apresentaram pior desempenho (p < 0,05) em relação aos seus extratos originais que mantiveram viabilidade próxima a 80% ao longo de 24h. A redução da viabilidade proporcional ao aumento da concentração das frações foi observada. Os resultados sugerem que soluções de própolis, em concentrações adequadas, podem ser utilizadas nos estudos futuros sobre alternativas aos meios de conservação de dentes avulsionados rotineiramente utilizados na prática odontológica.

In this study a comparison was made of human mononuclear cell (PBMCs) viability, when cells were kept in different propolis extracts and formulations. PBMCs (106 cell mL-1), obtained from healthy donors (n=5), were incubated at 20ºC in the different propolis solutions, as well as in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), used as experimental control. The cell viability was analyzed by Trypan blue exclusion assay. When incubated for 1h, only two extracts, denominated A70D and D70D, showed appropriate results for maintaining cell viability. A70D and D70D showed better viability (p < 0.05) than other formulations and no difference (p > 0.05) from the HBSS control. A70D and D70D were tested in five dilutions in propylene glycol, over 24h, with analysis at 0, 30 minutes, 1, 3, 6, 10 and 24h. The most concentrated fractions showed the worst performance (p < 0.05) in comparison with their original extracts, which remained close to 80% viability over 24h. Reduction in viability proportional to increase in concentration of formulations was observed. The results suggest that propolis solutions in appropriate concentrations may be used in future studies on alternatives to mediums routinely used in dental practice for storing avulsed teeth.

Preparation and characterization of bioadhesive systems containing propolis or sildenafil for dental pulp protection.

PURPOSE: Binary polymeric systems containing poloxamer 407 (P407) and Carbopol 934P (C934P) were designed to deliver propolis extract (PE) or sildenafil citrate for the endodontic treatment (pulp protection). METHODS: Gelation temperature, rheology (flow), bioadhesion, and in vitro drug release of formulations were determined. RESULTS: Formulations showed thermoresponsive behavior, existing as a liquid at room temperature and gel at 34-37°C. In addition, they exhibited pseudoplastic flow and low degrees of thixotropy or rheopexy. The greatest bioadhesion was noted in the formulation containing 20% P407 (w/w) and 0.10% C934P (w/w). PE release from formulation containing 15% P407 (w/w) and 0.25% C934P (w/w) was controlled by the phenomenon of relaxation of polymer chains. Moreover, sildenafil release from formulation containing 20% P407 (w/w) and 0.10% C934P (w/w) was controlled by Fickian diffusion. CONCLUSION: The data obtained on these formulations indicate a potentially useful role in the endodontic treatment (pulp protection) and suggest they are worthy of clinical evaluation.

Removal efficiency of propolis paste dressing from the root canal

OBJETIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the cleaning of root canal walls after the use of experimental propolis or calcium hydroxide root canal dressings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty single-rooted teeth were used. After conventional cleaning and shaping procedures and removal of the smear layer with 17 percent EDTA, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the medication used (N=5): Group I (control) - No drug, Group II - Calcium hydroxide dressing, Group III - Propolis paste A70D and Group IV - Propolis paste D70D. The medications were introduced into the root canals and maintained for 7 days, then removed with a K-file and 5 mL of 1 percent sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Finally, the canals were flushed with 2 mL of 17 percent EDTA for 3 min. For SEM analysis, the roots were cleaved and microphotographs from the middle third of the root canal were taken at 750x. The cleaning of the root canal walls was determined by the number of open dentinal tubules as verified with the software Image Tool 3.1. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The results showed no statistically significant difference between the calcium hydroxide and propolis groups. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental propolis pastes presented acceptable physical characteristics to be used as intracanal medicaments.

Study of the effectiveness of propolis extract as a storage medium for avulsed teeth.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of propolis extract in maintaining the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, and to radiographically analyze tooth replantation and the adjacent periodontium in dogs after storage in this extract. Human PDL cells were incubated with the experimental media propolis, milk, saliva, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), and Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DMEM, positive controls), and distilled water (negative control). Cell viability was determined 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h later by colorimetric MTT assay. Thirty incisors from dogs were divided into two storage time blocks (1 and 3 h) and were maintained in the experimental media. HBSS served as a positive control, and dry teeth (on gauze) as a negative control. The replanted teeth were radiographed once per month for 6 months. The radiographic images were standardized by the shortening/lengthening factor, and were both qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The in vitro results showed that the efficacy of propolis in maintaining functional viability of PDL cells was similar to that of milk. Propolis and milk were significantly better than controls from the 6-h time period. The in vivo results showed that teeth maintained in propolis medium exhibited replacement resorption with significant reduction in tooth length, similar to teeth maintained in saliva and dried teeth. This resorption was less intense with the 3-h storage time than the 1-h storage time. Conditions close to normal were found in teeth maintained in milk, similar to the HBSS control. Therefore, although propolis was effective in maintaining the viability of human PDL cells, resorption of the tooth replantation in dogs occurred under these experimental conditions.

Removal efficiency of propolis paste dressing from the root canal.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the cleaning of root canal walls after the use of experimental propolis or calcium hydroxide root canal dressings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty single-rooted teeth were used. After conventional cleaning and shaping procedures and removal of the smear layer with 17% EDTA, the teeth were divided into four groups according to the medication used (N=5): Group I (control) - No drug, Group II - Calcium hydroxide dressing, Group III - Propolis paste A70D and Group IV - Propolis paste D70D. The medications were introduced into the root canals and maintained for 7 days, then removed with a K-file and 5 mL of 1% sodium hypochlorite irrigation. Finally, the canals were flushed with 2 mL of 17% EDTA for 3 min. For SEM analysis, the roots were cleaved and microphotographs from the middle third of the root canal were taken at 750x. The cleaning of the root canal walls was determined by the number of open dentinal tubules as verified with the software Image Tool 3.1. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The results showed no statistically significant difference between the calcium hydroxide and propolis groups. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental propolis pastes presented acceptable physical characteristics to be used as intracanal medicaments.

Antibacterial activity of propolis-based toothpastes for endodontic treatment / Atividade antibacteriana de pastas dentífricas com base de própolis para tratamento endodôntico

This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of propolis-based toothpastes used as intracanal medication in endodontic treatment. The propolis-based toothpastes were prepared using an extract established in previous studies (identified as A70D and D70D). Calcium hydroxide paste was used as a control. The bacteria employed were Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Kocuria rhizophila (ATCC 9341), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterococcus hirae (ATCC 10541), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). Five field strains isolated from saliva were used: Staphylococcus spp. (23.1 - coagulase positive), Staphylococcus spp. (23.5 - coagulase negative), Staphylococcus spp. (26.1 - coagulase positive), Staphylococcus spp. (26.5 - coagulase negative) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6epi). The diffusion-well method on double-layer agar was used in a culture medium of Tryptic Soy Agar. The plates were kept at room temperature for two hours to allow the diffusion of pastes in the culture medium, and then incubated at 35º C for twenty-four hours in aerobiosis and in microaerophilia (S. mutans). After this period, the total diameter of the inhibition halo was measured. The results were analyzed by ANOVA analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test at p<0.05. The propolis-based toothpastes presented antibacterial activity against 83.3 percent of the analyzed bacteria. For 66.7 percent of these bacteria, the propolis-based toothpastes exhibited greater antibacterial activity than calcium hydroxide. The present results allow us to conclude that the experimental pastes A70D and D70D showed good activity against aerobic bacteria, proving more effective than calcium hydroxide.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de formas farmacêuticas a base de própolis para uso no tratamento endodôntico como medicação intracanal. As formulações de própolis, em forma de pastas, foram preparadas a partir de um extrato pré-estabelecido em estudos anteriores e identificadas como A70D e D70D. Como controle, foi utilizado pasta de hidróxido de cálcio. As bactérias utilizadas foram: Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Kocuria rhizophila (ATCC 9341), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10538), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Enterococcus hirae (ATCC 10541), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) e 5 cepas de campo isoladas da saliva: Staphylococcus spp. (23.1 - coagulase positiva), Staphylococcus spp. (23.5 - coagulase negativa), Staphylococcus spp. (26.1 - coagulase positiva), Staphylococcus spp. (26.5 - coagulase negativa) e Staphylococcus epidermidis (6epi). Foi utilizado o método poço difusão em camada dupla de ágar, em meio de cultura Tryptic Soy Agar. As placas foram mantidas à temperatura ambiente por 2 h para permitir a difusão das pastas no meio de cultura, e então incubadas a 35 ºC por 24 h em aerobiose e em microaerofilia (S. mutans). Após este período, foi medido o diâmetro total do halo de inibição. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste de análise de variância ANOVA seguido do teste de Tukey com p<0,05. As pastas a base de própolis apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra 83,3 por cento das bactérias analisadas. Para 66,7 por cento das bactérias, as pastas de própolis apresentaram maior atividade antibacteriana que o hidróxido de cálcio, e este foi mais efetivo apenas para Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). De acordo com a metodologia utilizada, pode-se concluir que as pastas experimentais A70D e D70D apresentam boa atividade contra bactérias aeróbias...

Estratégias para humanização propostas pelos alunos do quarto ano do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá / Humanization strategies proposed by the fourth year students at Maringá State University Dentistry course

A explanação proposta neste artigo está apoiada nas estratégias desenvolvidas pelos alunos do quarto ano do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) no ano de 2009. A eles foi proposto que, organizados em grupos, criassem alternativas embasadas nos princípios da Política Nacional de Humanização (PNH), para melhorar, em amplos aspectos, a qualidade dos serviços desenvolvidos na Clínica Odontológica da UEM. Simultaneamente a essa ação, sucedeu-se um curso de extensão que abordou o tema "hurnanizaçào", tendo como um dos objetivos principais a formação de um Grupo de Trabalho em Humanização (GTH) composto de alunos, servidores e docentes e que contou com o suporte de uma consultora do Ministério da Saúde (MS). Tais iniciativas têm sido articuladas em resposta a um cenário de contínua transformação na formulação e condução das políticas de saúde no MS, assim como na criação e implantação da PNH. Atualmente, acompanham-se os desdobramentos dessas estratégias na rotina da Clínica Odontológica da UEM para saber se os princípios construídos nessas experimentações poderão se reverter em melhor qualidade para o ensino e a prestação de serviços odontológicos no ambiente universitário...

This article is based on the strategies developed by the fourth year students at the Odontology course of the State University of Maringá (VEM) in 2009. ft was proposed that, in groups, they created alternatives based on lhe Político Nacional de Humanização (PNH) / National Humanization Policies (NHP), to great/y improve the quality of the services developed by the UEM Odontologic Clinic. Sirnultaneously an extension course was held approaching the theme "Humanization", having as one of the main objectives the formation of a Humanization Work Group / Grupo de Trabalho em Humanização (GTH) including students, staff and teachers, which had the support of the Ministry of Health consultant. Such initiatives have been articulated in response to scenery of continuous change in the formulation and procedures of the MS health core policies, as well as in the creation and implementation of the National Health Policies. Currently, the effects of these strategies in the routine of the State Unioersity of Maringa Dental Clinic may be followed to find out if the concepts built by the experimentation can improve the quality of teaching and dental services in the University environment...

Capacidade de absorção e toxicidade de cones de papel após esterilização / Absorption capacity and toxicity of paper points after sterilization

Objetivo: Avaliar a influência do processo de esterilização sobre cones de papel em relação à sua capacidade de absorção e, conseqüentemente,de secagem dos condutos radiculares, além da possível liberação de algum produto antimicrobiano ou citotóxico. Métodos: Os cones utilizados foram de três marcas encontradas no mercado brasileiro: Dentsply (Dentsply Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Petrópolis,Brasil), Endopoints (Endopoints Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Paraíba do Sul, Brasil) e Tanari (Tanari Industrial Ltda., São Paulo, Brasil). Para avaliação da capacidade de absorção, os cones foram submetidos a quatro ciclos de esterilização e foi realizada a técnica de Holland modificada. A capacidade antimicrobiana/citotóxica foi verificada por meio do depósito dos cones esterilizados em placas de Petri contendo Ágar Miller-Hintom e Ágar Sangue, semeados com S.aureus e E. coli. Resultados: Os cones Dentsply (Dentsply Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Petrópolis, Brasil) e Tanari (Tanari Industrial Ltda., São Paulo, Brasil) apresentaram maior absorção após o primeiro ciclo de esterilização, seguido de queda no segundo e terceiro ciclo e novo aumento no quarto ciclo. Para os cones Endopoints (Endopoints Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Paraíba do Sul, Brasil), os valores foram inversos, com pequena queda de absorção após o primeiro ciclo, aumento no segundo e terceiro e nova queda no quarto ciclo. Nenhum dos cones apresentou atividade antimicrobiana após o processo de esterilização. Conclusão: O processo de esterilização por calor úmido não altera as propriedades de absorção e não há liberação de subprodutos dos cones de papel testados.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the sterilization process on paper cones as regards their absorption capacity, and consequently, root canal drying, in addition to the possible release of any antimicrobial or cytotoxic product. Methods: The cones used were of three of the brands found on the Brazilian market Dentsply (Dentsply Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Petrópolis, Brazil), Endopoints (Endopoints Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Paraíba do Sul, Brazil) and Tanari (Tanari Industrial Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil). To evaluate the absorption capacity, the cones were submitted to four sterilization cycles, and the modified Holland technique was performed. The antimicrobial/cytotoxic capacity was verified by means of depositing the sterilized cones in Petri dishes containing Miller-Hinton Agar and Blood Agar, seeded with S.aureus and E. coli. Results: The Dentsply (Dentsply Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Petrópolis, Brazil) and Tanari (Tanari Industrial Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil) cones presented greater absorption after the first sterilization cycle, followed by a drop in the second and third cycles, and a new increase in the fourth cycle. For the Endopoints (Endopoints Indústria e Comércio Ltda., Paraíba do Sul, Brazil) cones, the values were inverted, with a small drop in absorption after the first cycle, increase in the second and third cycles, and a new drop in the fourth cycle. None of the cones presented antimicrobial activity after the sterilization process. Conclusion: The sterilization process by damp heat does not alter the properties of absorption and there is no release of by-products from the tested paper cones.

Orthodontic root resorption of endodontically treated teeth.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate, radiographically, whether there is similarity in the apical root resorption found in endodontically treated teeth and untreated teeth when they are submitted to orthodontic treatment. From 2,500 treatment records examined, 16 patients were selected who had a maxillary central incisor treated endodontically before initiation of the orthodontic movement, and a vital homologous tooth (for control). Measurements were made by comparing the periapical radiographs taken before and after the orthodontic treatment. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in apical root resorption found in the endodontically treated teeth compared to the group of vital teeth.