Hedinger Syndrome with Intraoperative Carcinoid Crisis — Understanding the Pathophysiology for a Successful Management

Abstract Carcinoid tumors can be a cause for right heart valve disease, also known as Hedinger syndrome or carcinoid heart disease. Proper understanding of the pathophysiology is of the uttermost importance for adequate treatment of these patients, especially during heart surgery.

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease after the Use of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: A Review for the Cardiovascular Imager.

Gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance has revolutionized cardiac imaging in the last two decades and has emerged as an essential and powerful tool for the characterization and treatment guidance of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the high prevalence of chronic renal dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular conditions, the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) after gadolinium exposure has been a permanent concern. Even though the newer macrocyclic agents have proven to be much safer in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, clinicians must fully understand the clinical characteristics and risk factors of this devastating pathology and maintain a high degree of suspicion to prevent and recognize it. This review aimed to summarize the existing evidence regarding the physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention of NSF related to the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Hedinger Syndrome with Intraoperative Carcinoid Crisis - Understanding the Pathophysiology for a Successful Management.

Carcinoid tumors can be a cause for right heart valve disease, also known as Hedinger syndrome or carcinoid heart disease. Proper understanding of the pathophysiology is of the uttermost importance for adequate treatment of these patients, especially during heart surgery.

Síndrome coronario agudo en adultos jóvenes llevados a arteriografía coronaria / Acute coronary syndrome in young adults subjected to coronary angiography

Resumen Objetivo: describir factores de riesgo y características clínicas, electrocardiográficas y angiográficas de pacientes jóvenes que sufren síndromes coronarios agudos y son llevados a arteriografía coronaria a causa de este diagnóstico. Métodos: estudio retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Se revisaron historias clínicas de pacientes entre 18 y 50 años, con síndrome coronario agudo en una institución de Cardiología Intervencionista en Bucaramanga. Resultados y conclusiones: se identificaron 128 casos, con una mediana de edad de 45 años, y predominancia del género masculino (80,4%). La mediana de tiempo a la consulta fue de 7 horas. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue el exceso de peso (71,3% de los casos). La mayoría de los casos correspondió a infarto con elevación del segmento ST (44% de los casos). En el 60,9% de los casos se identificó enfermedad coronaria, con 55,1% de enfermedad coronaria multivaso. La intervención de reperfusión más frecuente fue la intervención coronaria percutánea mediante angioplastia coronaria con implantación de stent coronario convencional (60,25% de los casos). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue del 2,34%. El exceso de peso como principal factor de riesgo observado plantea la importancia de intervenciones poblacionales dirigidas a controlar su prevalencia. La elevada frecuencia de infartos con elevación del segmento ST y de enfermedad coronaria multivaso llama la atención sobre el riesgo de estos pacientes y la importancia de su atención temprana y diligente.

Abstract Objective: To describe the risk factors and clinical, electrocardiographic, and angiographic characteristics of young adults that suffer from acute coronary syndromes and have been subjected to a coronary angiography due to this diagnosis. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed by reviewing the clinical records of patients between 18 and 50 years-old with an acute coronary syndrome in a Interventional Cardiology institution in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Results and conclusions: A total of 128 cases were identified, with a median age of 45 years, and the large majority (80.4%) male. The median time in the clinic was 7 hours. The most frequent risk factor was overweight (71.3% of cases). The majority of cases corresponded to an infarction with elevated ST segment (44% of cases). Coronary disease was identified in 60.9% of cases, and 55.1% with multiple vessel coronary disease. The most frequent reperfusion treatment was percutaneous coronary intervention by means of coronary angioplasty with the implantation of a conventional coronary stent (60.25% of cases). The in-hospital mortality was 2.34%. The excess weight as the main risk factor observed, shows the importance of population interventions directed at controlling its prevalence. The increased frequency of infarctions with elevated ST segment and multiple vessel coronary disease highlights the risk of these patients, and the importance of their early and rapid care.