RESUMO
BACKGROUND: FOXA1 expression is a good prognostic marker for endocrine therapy in hormone-positive breast cancer. We retrospectively examined breast cancer patients with luminal human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumours, as defined by immunohistochemistry, who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and investigated the relationship between treatment effects and FOXA1 expression. METHODS: Biopsy specimens from 103 luminal HER2-negative tumours were immunohistochemically examined. FOXA1 effects on chemo-sensitivity were also investigated employing in vitro experiments. RESULTS: FOXA1 and Ki67 expressions independently predicted a pathological complete response (pCR). Knockdown of FOXA1 by siRNA boosted the chemo-effect in oestrogen receptor-positive cells. The Cox hazards model revealed a pCR to be the strongest factor predicting a good patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study showed low FOXA1 expression to be associated with a good response to NAC in luminal HER2-negative breast cancer. Improved outcomes of these patients suggest that NAC should be recommended to patients with low FOXA1 tumours.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Fator 3-alfa Nuclear de Hepatócito/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/mortalidade , Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos com Pontes/administração & dosagem , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal de Mama/mortalidade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Docetaxel , Epirubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Fator 3-alfa Nuclear de Hepatócito/genética , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxoides/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to investigate observer's cognition of alterations on a facial form corrected by orthognathic surgery. Subjects were twenty undergraduate students at a women's college, who had no technical training in dentistry before. The subjects ranged in age from 19 to 22. The computerized analytic system was used for the fixation points analysis of eye movement. Two test cards (55 x 65cm) were used as stimuli; one test card bearing two frontal facial photographs of a patient, preoperative and postoperative, the other test card bearing two lateral facial photographs of the same patient likewise. The patient showed asymmetrical mandibular prognathism, corrected by Obwegeser-Dal Pont osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy. Each subject's eye movement was analyzed for 10 seconds during presentation of each stimulus. Fixation points, characteristic points and saccadic eye movements were used as indices. Subjects' introspective comments showed that 70 percent (same person-a brother group) of the subjects recognized two faces as resembling. From eye movement analysis, it was identified that the same person-a brother group searched out precisely at areas which were corrected by orthognathic surgery. This group pointed out lips or chin as differences of facial features by the introspective comments. It was suggested that these subjects comparatively make much more of impression than different facial features themselves. It was clarified that simultaneous repositioning of maxilla and mandible maintained impression of a patient's face. In conclusion, if a dentofacial deformity of a patient's face is altered by orthognathic surgery, the similarity of the face can be maintained after the surgery.
Assuntos
Cognição , Prognatismo/cirurgia , Adulto , Estética Dentária , Movimentos Oculares , Face/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Osteotomia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: This article describes long-term observation of two post treatment cases with an impacted maxillary central incisor corrected by orthodontic treatment. [Case 1] Age at first examination: 11 years and 1 month. Chief complaint: Retarded eruption of a maxillary right incisor and crowding of teeth. DIAGNOSIS: No skeletal problems were identified. Crown axis inclination of the impacted tooth showed 104.0 degrees. Root axis inclination showed 87.0 degrees. Treatment plan: [formula; see text] extraction, traction of the maxillary right incisor, edgewise method. Treatment time: 4 years and 3 months. [Case 2] Age at first examination: 8 years and 8 months. Chief complaint: Retarded eruption of a maxillary left incisor. DIAGNOSIS: No skeletal problems were identified. Crown axis inclination of the impacted tooth showed 112.0 degrees. Root axis inclination showed 88.0 degrees. Treatment plan: Traction of maxillary left incisor, edgewise method. Treatment time: 5 years and 6 months. The findings were as follows; 1) When the active treatment was finished, no pulp necrosis nor any resorption of root or alveolar bone was found in the two cases. 2) At present, the crown axis inclination is restored to normal in both cases. 3) The impacted maxillary central incisors were treated to the normal position in the dental archs, and the condition and the tissues around are good. The foregoing results, we are sure, can be an important traction of the impacted maxillary central incisor.
Assuntos
Ortodontia Corretiva , Dente Impactado/terapia , Cefalometria , Criança , Seguimentos , Humanos , Incisivo , Má Oclusão/terapia , Maxila , Erupção DentáriaRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to examine short-term postoperative stability of mandibular prognathism subjected to the surgical-orthodontic treatment. Eight skeletal Class III patients (7 females and 1 male) corrected by sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy after preoperative orthodontic treatment. The stable occlusions at six months after the orthognathic surgery were evaluated. Cephalometric radiographs and cephalometric laminagraphs were used as materials. The results were as follows: 1) Surgical changes: Pogonion was repositioned by 9.8 mm in an average. Overjet was increased of 9.1 mm in an average. Condyles were displaced antero-inferiorly in 3 cases. 2) Changes during intermaxillary fixation: Antero-superior rotation of the proximal segments were found. Region of chin moved inferiorly. Upper and lower incisors were inclined lingually. Variation of lower incisor inclination was larged. Condyle was displaced. 3) Changes from immediately before the release of intermaxillary fixation to the first month thereafter: Anterior-displacement of pogonion and antero-superior rotation of the proximal segment were found. Upper and lower incisors were inclined labially and lingually, respectively. Overjet was decreased. 4) Changes from the 1st to the 6th month after the release of intermaxillary fixation: Antero-superior rotation of the proximal segment and anterior displacement of pogonion were found to a slight extent. Upper incisor presented labial inclination and condyle tended to return to its preoperative position. The above results revealed that the aspect of relapse presented different changes between intermaxillary fixation period and after the release thereof. It was suggested to be ascribable to the setting up of the posterior margin of the distal segment in a position susceptible to the influence of soft tissues at skeletal fixation and to the extension of medial pterygoid muscle adherent to the distal segment. Therefore, appropriate retention of Class III elastics after the release there of were judged to be useful as countermeasures against relapse. In order to obtain postoperative stability, appropriate positioning of the proximal segment and countermeasures to the stress of medial pterygoid muscle during operation remain to be required further.