Efectos del ciclismo en la composición corporal e indicadores de riesgo metabólico / Effects of cycling on Body Composition and Metabolic Risk Indicators

Introducción: El ciclismo es una actividad física que se practica de forma recreativa y como actividad laboral, en base a esto los beneficios en la salud varían. Sus efectos pueden extenderse en la regulación de la expresión de citocinas proinflamatorias en la obesidad; sin embargo, se deben estudiar detalles en los indicadores clínicos asociados a otras enfermedades crónico-degenerativas. Objetivo: Identificar los cambios en los parámetros clínicos que sirven como indicadores de riesgo metabólico en personas que realizan ciclismo como ejercicio habitual y como actividad laboral. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de diseño transversal, descriptivo en el Estado de México, México. Se formaron 3 grupos de 16 participantes provenientes de Toluca y municipios aledaños. Se realizaron mediciones de composición corporal y análisis bioquímicos para identificar las diferencias entre los grupos a través de la prueba t- student y el análisis de varianza ANOVA. Resultados: Los análisis estadísticos reportaron diferencias significativas en las concentraciones de lipoproteínas de alta densindad y triglicéridos. Para el grupo de los conductores de bicitaxi fue más favorable, se detalla como el tiempo de la actividad ayuda a mantener los parámetros de composición corporal como el porcentaje del tejido muscular y adiposo. Conclusiones: Los beneficios del ciclismo se presentaron con diferentes grados de eficiencia de acuerdo con la modalidad en la que se practican. Las variables no cambian de forma significativa en ningún grupo, pueden ser dependientes de otras variables como la alimentación(AU)

Introduction: Cycling is a physical activity, which is practiced recreationally and as a work activity. Its effects may extend to the regulation of the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in obesity; however, details should be studied in the clinical indicators associated with other chronic-degenerative diseases. Objective: To identify changes in clinical parameters that serve as indicators of metabolic risk in people who perform cycling as a regular exercise and as a work activity. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive design research was carried out in the State of Mexico, Mexico. Three groups of 16 participants were formed from Toluca and surrounding municipalities. Body composition measurements and biochemical analyzes were performed to identify differences between groups through Student's t test and ANOVA analysis of variance. Results: Statistical analyzes reported significant differences in HDL and triglyceride concentrations. For the group of pedicab drivers it was more favorable, it is detailed how the time of the activity helps to maintain body composition parameters such as the percentage of muscle and adipose tissue. Conclusions: The benefits of cycling were presented with different degrees of efficiency according to the modality in which they are practiced. The variables do not change significantly in any group and may be dependent on other variables such as diet(AU)

VIH, dislipidemias y perspectivas de su evolución / HIV, dyslipidemias and perspectives of its evolution

Resumen Con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral (ART), la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) se ha convertido en una enfermedad crónica con complicaciones metabólicas importantes más acentuadas que en la población general. Mientras no se tenga una vacuna que erradique las tasas de infección y no exista una cura para esta pandemia, se debe ser más incisivo en el controlar las comorbilidades, entre las que destacan las alteraciones en el perfil de lípidos pues aumentan el riesgo cardiovascular.

Abstract With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a chronic disease with major metabolic complications more pronounced than in the general population. While there is no vaccine to eradicate infection rates and there is no cure for this pandemic, it should be more incisive in controlling comorbidities, among which alterations in the lipid profile stand out as they increase cardiovascular risk.

Identification of metabolic indicators for cardiovascular risk in schoolchildren

Objective: CardioVascular Disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide affecting people at younger ages every year. The purpose of this study was to identify the metabolic indicators for cardiovascular risk factors in primary school students from Mexico and Colombia. Methods: A clinical, prospective, cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted in Mexico and Colombia to contrast anthropometric measurements, biochemical and dietetic determinations and physical activity. Results: The Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) and the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WtHR) showed significant differences (p≤0.001) between Mexico and Colombia (0.8 ± 0.1 versus 0.5 ± 0.1) and (0.4 ± 0.06 vs. 0.78 ± 0.04) respectively. The Automatic Linear Modeling showed that the main predictors for cholesterol levels were WtHR, MonoUnsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA) and lipids ingestion. For glucose there were four main predictors: WHR, carbohydrates, MUFA and Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA). For triglycerides the pedictors were Products of Animal Origin (PAO), BMI, waist circumference, lipids and cholesterol ingestion and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). The Weight Estimation tests weighted per gender showed that for glucose levels the main determinants were carbohydrates, MUFA and oils; for cholesterol these were MUFA, PUFA and oils; and for LDL the significant variables were proteins, SFA, PAO and sugars; and last, for triglycerides the main variables were BMI, cholesterol and vegetables. Conclusions: Mexico has higher values in almost all items of cardiovascular risk in children, but both countries have significant percentages of obesity and the population free of cardiovascular risk is minimal.

Genetic similarity between cysticerci of Taenia solium isolated from human brain and from pigs.

Mitochondrial (mt) cox1 and ribosomal ITS1 DNA sequences from Taenia solium cysticercus isolates from pigs and cysticerci (racemose and cellulose types) from patients with neurocysticercosis were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons were sequenced in order to determine the genetic relationship between these types of cysticerci. Phylogenetic trees were constructed and evolutionary distances were calculated. ITS1 and mt cox1 cysticerci sequence data were compared with previously published Taenia spp. sequences. The variation in the ITS1 and cox1 sequences of samples collected from Mexico was minimal, regardless of geographical origin, size or colour of cysticerci from either pigs or human brain. These results suggest that the racemose and cellulose types represent genetically identical metacestodes of T. solium. Alignment of the mt cox1 sequences of the Mexican samples with sequences of other Taenia taxa showed that most were very similar to T. solium from Mexico and T. solium from Colombia; one T. solium Mexican isolate and Taenia hydatigena were placed in the same group close to Taenia crassiceps. The ITS1 sequences for the Mexican T. solium samples indicated the majority were in the same group as the Latin American T. solium. Two Mexican T. solium samples and T. solium from Philippines were placed together in a different group.