Comparisons of Mood States Associated With Outcomes Achieved by Female and Male Athletes in High-Level Judo and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Championships: Psychological Factors Associated With the Probability of Success.

ABSTRACT: Brandt, R, Bevilacqua, GG, Crocetta, TB, Monteiro, CBdM, Guarnieri, R, Hobold, E, Flores, LJF, Miarka, B, and Andrade, A. Comparisons of mood states associated with outcomes achieved by female and male athletes in high-level judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu championships: psychological factors associated with the probability of success. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2518-2524, 2019-Moods can be used to predict the performance of athletes in various sports; accordingly, we selected the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) to evaluate mood states of high-level judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) athletes. The aims of this study were (a) to compare the mood states of high-level female and male athletes in BJJ and judo championships in relation to their performance outcomes and (b) to verify associations between psychological factors and performance in estimating their probability of success. The subjects were 173 grappling athletes (judo, n = 85 and BJJ, n = 88), separated into male (n = 129, 40 winners and 89 nonwinners) and female (n = 44, 23 winners and 21 nonwinners) groups. Each subject's mood state was assessed 60 minutes before the first match using the BRUMS (tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, and mental confusion dimensions). Descriptive and inferential statistics (including logistic regression and variance analysis) were used to evaluate relations between mood states and performance (i.e., winning/losing), with p ≤ 0.05. Analysis showed significant differences between male and female athletes in vigor and fatigue, and differences between male judo and male BJJ athletes in tension, vigor, confusion, and fatigue. Female judo and female BJJ athletes showed significant differences in depression and vigor. Logistic regression revealed that higher levels of anger and tension increased athletes' chances of performing well in a match by 23 and 13%, respectively. In addition, lower levels of depression increased athletes' chances of better performance by up to 32%. Overall, we observed a significant relationship between mood state and sports performance. Thus, coaching staff and athletes should monitor athletes' mood states before competitions to ensure that they are in optimal condition to perform and use psychological interventions to support judo and BJJ preparation.

Body mass index and physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents / Índice de massa corporal e aptidão física em adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract Objective: Evaluate the relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in a cross-sectional sample of Brazilian youth. Methods: Participants were 3849 adolescents (2027 girls) aged 10 -17 years. Weight and height were measured; body mass index was calculated. Physical fitness was evaluated with a multistage 20 m shuttle run (cardiovascular endurance), standing long jump (power), and push-ups (upper body strength). Participants were grouped by sex into four age groups: 10 -11, 12 -13, 14 -15, and 16 -17 years. Sex-specific ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in each physical fitness item among weight status categories by age group. Relationships between body mass index and each physical fitness item were evaluated with quadratic regression models by age group within each sex. Results: The physical fitness of thin and normal youth was, with few exceptions, significantly better than the physical fitness of overweight and obese youth in each age group by sex. On the other hand, physical fitness performances did not consistently differ, on average, between thin and normal weight and between overweight and obese youths. Results of the quadratic regressions indicated a curvilinear (parabolic) relationship between body mass index and each physical fitness item in most age groups. Better performances were attained by adolescents in the mid-range of the body mass index distribution, while performances of youth at the low and high ends of the body mass index distribution were lower. Conclusion: Relationships between the body mass index and physical fitness were generally nonlinear (parabolic) in youth 10 -17 years.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o índice de massa corporal e a aptidão física em uma amostra transversal de jovens brasileiros. Métodos: Os participantes foram 3.849 adolescentes (2.027 meninas) entre 10-17 anos. Foram medidos o peso e a estatura e foi calculado o índice de massa corporal. A aptidão física foi avaliada com: a corrida vaivém de 20 metros de vários estágios (resistência cardiovascular), impulsão horizontal (energia) e flexões (força superior do corpo). Os participantes foram agrupados por sexo em quatro faixas etárias: 10-11, 12-13, 14-15 e 16-17 anos. A Anova específica para sexo foi usada para avaliar as diferenças em cada item de aptidão física entre as categorias de status do peso por faixa etária. As relações entre o índice de massa corporal e cada item de aptidão física foram avaliadas com os modelos de regressão quadrática por faixa etária com relação ao sexo. Resultados: A aptidão física de jovens magros e normais foi, com poucas exceções, significativamente melhor do que a aptidão física de jovens com sobrepeso e obesos em cada faixa etária por sexo. Por outro lado, os desempenhos na aptidão física não diferiram de forma consistente, em média, entre jovens magros e com peso normal e entre jovens com sobrepeso e obesos. Os resultados das regressões quadráticas indicaram uma relação curvilínea (parabólica) entre o índice de massa corporal e cada item de aptidão física na maior parte das faixas etárias. Os melhores desempenhos foram obtidos pelos adolescentes na faixa intermediária da distribuição do índice de massa corporal, ao passo que os desempenhos dos jovens nas extremidades inferiores e superiores da distribuição do índice de massa corporal foram menores. Conclusão: As relações entre o índice de massa corporal e a aptidão física foram, em geral, não lineares (parabólica) nos jovens entre 10-17 anos.

Body mass index and physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in a cross-sectional sample of Brazilian youth. METHODS: Participants were 3849 adolescents (2027 girls) aged 10-17 years. Weight and height were measured; body mass index was calculated. Physical fitness was evaluated with a multistage 20m shuttle run (cardiovascular endurance), standing long jump (power), and push-ups (upper body strength). Participants were grouped by sex into four age groups: 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, and 16-17 years. Sex-specific ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in each physical fitness item among weight status categories by age group. Relationships between body mass index and each physical fitness item were evaluated with quadratic regression models by age group within each sex. RESULTS: The physical fitness of thin and normal youth was, with few exceptions, significantly better than the physical fitness of overweight and obese youth in each age group by sex. On the other hand, physical fitness performances did not consistently differ, on average, between thin and normal weight and between overweight and obese youths. Results of the quadratic regressions indicated a curvilinear (parabolic) relationship between body mass index and each physical fitness item in most age groups. Better performances were attained by adolescents in the mid-range of the body mass index distribution, while performances of youth at the low and high ends of the body mass index distribution were lower. CONCLUSION: Relationships between the body mass index and physical fitness were generally nonlinear (parabolic) in youth 10-17 years.

Reference standards to assess physical fitness of children and adolescents of Brazil: an approach to the students of the Lake Itaipú region-Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The importance of assessing body fat variables and physical fitness tests plays an important role in monitoring the level of activity and physical fitness of the general population. The objective of this study was to develop reference norms to evaluate the physical fitness aptitudes of children and adolescents based on age and sex from the lake region of Itaipú, Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 5,962 students (2,938 males and 3,024 females) with an age range of 6.0 and 17.9 years. Weight (kg), height (cm), and triceps (mm), and sub-scapular skinfolds (mm) were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI kg/m2) was calculated. To evaluate the four physical fitness aptitude dimensions (morphological, muscular strength, flexibility, and cardio-respiratory), the following physical education tests were given to the students: sit-and-reach (cm), push-ups (rep), standing long jump (cm), and 20-m shuttle run (m). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Females showed greater flexibility in the sit-and-reach test and greater body fat than the males. No differences were found in BMI. Percentiles were created for the four components for the physical fitness aptitudes, BMI, and skinfolds by using the LMS method based on age and sex. The proposed reference values may be used for detecting talents and promoting health in children and adolescents.

Peak height velocity in anthropometry and body composition of students / Pico de velocidade de crescimento em antropometria e composição corporal de escolares

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the age of Peak Height Velocity (PHV), anthropometric variables and body composition of students from the western state of Paraná. he study included 1,011 male students aged 12-15 years from 11 municipalities located around the Itaipu lake. Anthropometric and body composition variables were obtained according to international criteria. Biological maturation was determined by age of PHV and for the purpose of analysis, it was categorized into developmental levels. he results reinforce, as expected, an increasing trend of variables analyzed as students advanced in maturity. hus, it was concluded that with the advancement of maturation, anthropometric variables maintain a linear growth observed in each PHV stratum. his linear trend is not observed in body composition. Body fat showed a decrease in average values as the individual approaches PHV.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a idade do PVC, variáveis antropométricas e composição corporal de estudantes da região do estremo oeste do Paraná. Participaram do estudo 1.011 escolares do sexo masculino de 12 a 15 anos de 11 municípios localizados no entorno do lago de Itaipu. As variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal foram obtidas seguindo os critérios internacionais. A maturação biológica foi determinada pela idade do PVC e para efeito de descrição e análise foi categorizada em estratos. Os resultados reforçam, conforme esperado, uma crescente evolução das variáveis analisadas à medida que os escolares avançaram na maturação. Sendo assim, concluímos que com o avanço da maturação as variáveis antropométricas mantêm um crescimento linear que é observado em cada estrato do PVC. Este comportamento linear não é observado na composição corporal. O percentual de gordura apresenta uma diminuição de seus valores médios principalmente na proximidade do PVC.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren: relationship with socioeconomic status, gender and age / Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em estudantes: relações com nível socioeconômico, sexo e idade

Abstract Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence have reached alarming rates in Brazil. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity according to socioeconomic status, gender and age in schoolchildren from 11 towns around the Itaipu Lake, western Paraná. The sample consisted of 5,962 subjects (3,024 girls) aged 6 to 17 years. Overweight and obesity were identified based on body mass index, adopting the cut-off values for age and gender suggested by the International Obesity Task Force. The prevalence rates according to different strata (gender, age and socioeconomic status) were compared by means of logistic regression using odds ratios. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 14.8% and 5.8% among boys, respectively, and 15.2% and 4.5% among girls. The prevalence rates decreased with increasing age. Considering socioeconomic status, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in schoolchildren from high-income families. The prevalence rates indicate a trend similar to that observed for the highest prevalence reported in surveys conducted in other cities and regions of Brazil. The present results suggest the need for interventions of the public health system and of society, seeking alternatives to alleviate this problem and its consequences.

Resumo O sobrepeso e a obesidade na infância e adolescência têm alcançado índices preocupantes no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os valores de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade separados por nível socioeconômico, sexo e idade em estudantes de 11 municípios do entorno do lago de Itaipu, no oeste do Paraná. A amostra foi constituída por 5.962 sujeitos, sendo 3.024 do sexo feminino, com idades entre seis e 17 anos. O sobrepeso e a obesidade foram identificados pelo Índice de Massa Corporal, adotando-se pontos de corte para sexo e idade sugeridos pela International Obesity Task Force. As prevalências nos diferentes estratos (sexo, idade e classe socioeconômica) foram comparadas por intermédio do cálculo de regressão logística, utilizando-se "odds ratios". No masculino, as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade encontradas foram de 14,8% e 5,8%, respectivamente, e no sexo feminino foi de 15,2% e 4,5%. As prevalências diminuíram com o avanço da idade. Considerando o nível socioeconômico, as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade foram consideravelmente maiores nos estudantes que pertencem às famílias de maior poder aquisitivo. Os valores observados indicam que existe um comportamento parecido com as mais altas prevalências observadas em pesquisas desenvolvidas em outras cidades e regiões do país. As informações obtidas neste estudo sugerem a necessidade de intervenções do sistema público de saúde e da sociedade, buscando alternativas para amenizar este problema e suas consequências.

Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade de criança e adolescentes no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática / Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Brazil: a systematic review

O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar as pesquisas de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Foi realizado a busca eletrônica de artigos nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, MedLine e LILACS e na Biblioteca Eletrônica Bireme. Para efeito deste estudo, foram selecionadas as publicações de 2003 a 2013. Foram analisados 59 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos pelos autores. A maioria dos estudos foram desenvolvidos nas regiões Sul e Sudeste (71,2%), com uma amostragem bem diversificada que variou de 328 a 79,6795 sujeitos. O Índice de Massa Corporal - IMC foi o protocolo mais utilizado (93,2%) e o critério de classificação de sobrepeso/obesidade sugerido pela International Obesity Task Force - IOTF foi amplamente utilizado nos estudos (52,5%). A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade oscilou de 7,4% a 36,5%, com mais de 70% dos estudos com prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade superior a 20%, sendo mais elevada nos rapazes. Apesar das diferenças metodológicas, a maioria dos estudos com crianças e adolescentes brasileiros apresentou valores bastante elevados de prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade sugerindo um constante crescimento deste problema em nosso país.

The aim of this study was to review the research into the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Brazilian children and adolescents. An electronic search was conducted for articles in the Scielo, PubMed, MedLine and LILACS and Bireme Electronic Library databases. For this study, publications from 2003 to 2013 were selected. A total of 59 studies that met the inclusion criteria set by the authors were analyzed. Most of the studies were performed in the South and Southeast (71.2%) regions, with a well diversified sampling ranging from 328 to 79,795 subjects. The Body Mass Index - BMI was the most frequently used protocol (93.2%) and the criterion for overweight/obesity classification suggested by the International Obesity Task Force - IOTF was widely used in the studies (52.5%). The overweight/obesity prevalence ranged from 7.4% to 36.5%, with more than 70% of studies with overweight/obesity prevalence greater than 20%, being higher in boys. Despite the methodological differences, most studies on Brazilian children and adolescents presented very high values of overweight/obesity prevalence, suggesting constant growth of this issue in our country.