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1.
bioRxiv ; 2024 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39091845

RESUMO

Sterol transport proteins (STPs) play a pivotal role in cholesterol homeostasis and therefore are essential for healthy human physiology. Despite recent advances in dissecting functions of STPs in the human cell, there is still a significant knowledge gap regarding their specific biological functions and a lack of suitable selective probes for their study. Here, we profile fluorescent steroid-based probes across ten STPs, uncovering substantial differences in their selectivity, aiding the retrospective and prospective interpretation of biological results generated with those probes. These results guided the establishment of an STP screening panel combining diverse biophysical assays, enabling the evaluation of 41 steroid-based natural products and derivatives. Combining this with a thorough structural analysis revealed the molecular basis for STP specific selectivity profiles, leading to the uncovering of several new potent and selective Aster-B inhibitors, and supporting the role of this protein in steroidogenesis.

2.
Nat Chem Biol ; 2024 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38907112

RESUMO

Sterol-binding proteins are important regulators of lipid homeostasis and membrane integrity; however, the discovery of selective modulators can be challenging due to structural similarities in the sterol-binding domains. We report the discovery of potent and selective inhibitors of oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP), which we term oxybipins. Sterol-containing chemical chimeras aimed at identifying new sterol-binding proteins by targeted degradation, led to a significant reduction in levels of Golgi-associated proteins. The degradation occurred in lysosomes, concomitant with changes in protein glycosylation, indicating that the degradation of Golgi proteins was a downstream effect. By establishing a sterol transport protein biophysical assay panel, we discovered that the oxybipins potently inhibited OSBP, resulting in blockage of retrograde trafficking and attenuating Shiga toxin toxicity. As the oxybipins do not target other sterol transporters and only stabilized OSBP in intact cells, we advocate their use as tools to study OSBP function and therapeutic relevance.

3.
J Med Chem ; 66(16): 11536-11554, 2023 08 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37566000

RESUMO

The recombination of natural product (NP) fragments in unprecedented ways has emerged as an important strategy for bioactive compound discovery. In this context, we propose that privileged primary fragments predicted to be enriched in activity against a specific target class can be coupled to diverse secondary fragments to engineer selectivity among closely related targets. Here, we report the synthesis of an alkaloid-inspired compound library enriched in spirocyclic ring fusions, comprising 58 compounds from 12 tropane- or quinuclidine-containing scaffolds, all of which can be considered pseudo-NPs. The library displays excellent predicted drug-like properties including high Fsp3 content and Lipinski's rule-of-five compliance. Targeted screening against selected members of the serotonin and dopamine G protein-coupled receptor family led to the identification of several hits that displayed significant agonist or antagonist activity against 5-HT2A and/or 5-HT2C, and subsequent optimization of one of these delivered a lead dual 5-HT2B/C antagonist with a highly promising selectivity profile.


Assuntos
Alcaloides , Quinuclidinas , Serotonina , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Receptor 5-HT2A de Serotonina , Receptor 5-HT2C de Serotonina , Receptores de Serotonina , Agonistas do Receptor 5-HT2 de Serotonina/farmacologia , Antagonistas do Receptor 5-HT2 de Serotonina/farmacologia , Tropanos , Quinuclidinas/química , Quinuclidinas/farmacologia
4.
Nat Microbiol ; 7(9): 1337-1347, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35927336

RESUMO

Early development of the microbiome has been shown to affect general health and physical development of the infant and, although some studies have been undertaken in high-income countries, there are few studies from low- and middle-income countries. As part of the BARNARDS study, we examined the rectal microbiota of 2,931 neonates (term used up to 60 d) with clinical signs of sepsis and of 15,217 mothers screening for blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM, blaKPC and blaOXA-48-like genes, which were detected in 56.1%, 18.5%, 0% and 4.1% of neonates' rectal swabs and 47.1%, 4.6%, 0% and 1.6% of mothers' rectal swabs, respectively. Carbapenemase-positive bacteria were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and showed a high diversity of bacterial species (57 distinct species/genera) which exhibited resistance to most of the antibiotics tested. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae/E. cloacae complex, the most commonly found isolates, were subjected to whole-genome sequencing analysis and revealed close relationships between isolates from different samples, suggesting transmission of bacteria between neonates, and between neonates and mothers. Associations between the carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and healthcare/environmental factors were identified, and the presence of ARGs was a predictor of neonatal sepsis and adverse birth outcomes.


Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Sepse , Antibacterianos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Escherichia coli , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mães
5.
Photochem Photobiol Sci ; 21(5): 819-824, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35050487

RESUMO

A very efficient one-pot procedure for the direct oxidation of aldehydes to esters mediated by visible-light is presented. Utilizing a combination of indium triflate and N-bromosuccinimide, NBS, with either ortho-esters or alcohols provided rapid access to a variety of esters. Certain substrates convert fully within a few seconds, other more challenging tert-butyl esters were formed in good yield after no more than 4 h.


Assuntos
Álcoois , Aldeídos , Catálise , Esterificação , Ésteres , Oxirredução , Estresse Oxidativo
6.
Ir Med J ; 114(7): 401, 2021 Aug 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34520156

RESUMO

Aim Hip fractures are common amongst older people and result in significant morbidity and mortality. The Irish Hip Fracture Database (IHFD) collects data, from the 16 trauma orthopaedic units in Ireland, on patients aged 60 years and older who sustain hip fractures. This study aims to describe the characteristics of those patients aged 100 years and older in this database. Methods A retrospective analysis of the IHFD from 2012 to 2017. Characteristics of those patients aged 100 years and over were collected and analysed. Results 57 patients were identified for inclusion, 52 (91%) of which were women. Mean age was 101, while mean length of stay was 22.6 days. 51 (89%) fractures were due to low velocity trauma, consistent with likely high rates of osteoporosis in this group. The great majority underwent operative intervention. 50 (88%) were discharged alive. Fracture type varied widely. Only 24 (42%) patients were documented to have been seen by a geriatrician during admission. There were low reported rates of co-morbid medical conditions, likely due to lack of recorded data, rather than true low rates of co-morbidities in this group. Discussion This study provides insight into this distinct group of people, with important implications for future healthcare planning and budgeting.


Assuntos
Fraturas do Quadril , Ossos Pélvicos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Fraturas do Quadril/epidemiologia , Hospitalização , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Water Resour Res ; 56(10): e2019WR026153, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33149373

RESUMO

This study investigated the added value of different data for calibrating a runoff model for small basins. The analysis was performed in the 66 ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, in Austria. An Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) type, spatially lumped hydrologic model was parameterized following two approaches. First, the model was calibrated using only runoff data. Second, a step-by-step approach was followed, where the modules of the model (snow, soil moisture, and runoff generation) were calibrated using measurements of runoff and model state variables and output fluxes. These measurements comprised laser-based measurements of precipitation, satellite and camera observations of snow, ultrasonic measurements of snow depth, eddy covariance measurements of evapotranspiration, time domain transmissometry-based soil moisture measurements, time-lapse photography of overland flow, and groundwater level measurements by piezometers. The two model parameterizations were evaluated on annual, seasonal, and daily time scales, in terms of how well they simulated snow, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, overland flow, storage change in the saturated zone, and runoff. Using the proposed step-by-step approach, the relative runoff volume errors in the calibration and validation periods were 0.00 and -0.01, the monthly Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.92 and 0.82, and the daily logarithmic Nash Sutcliffe efficiencies were 0.59 and 0.18, respectively. By using different sources of data besides runoff, the overall process consistency improved, compared to the case when only runoff was used for calibration. Soil moisture and evapotranspiration observations had the largest influence on simulated runoff, while the parameterization of the snow and runoff generation modules had a smaller influence.

9.
Water Resour Res ; 54(9): 6168-6188, 2018 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30449909

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to understand whether spatial differences in runoff generation mechanisms affect the magnitudes of diurnal streamflow fluctuations during low flow periods and which part of the catchment induces the diurnal streamflow signal. The spatiotemporal variability of the streamflow fluctuations observed at 12 locations in the 66-ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory experimental catchment in Austria was explained by differences in the vegetation cover and runoff generation mechanisms. Almost a quarter of the volume associated with diurnal streamflow fluctuations at the catchment outlet was explained by transpiration from vegetation along the tributaries; more than three quarters was due to transpiration by the riparian forest along the main stream. The lag times between radiative forcing and evapotranspiration estimated by a solar radiation-driven model increased from 3 to 11 hr from spring to autumn. The recession time scales increased from 21 days in spring to 54 days in autumn. Observations and model simulations suggest that a separation of scales in transpiration effects on low flows exists both in time and space; that is, the diurnal streamflow fluctuations are induced by transpiration from the riparian vegetation, while most of the catchment evapotranspiration, such as evapotranspiration from the crop fields further away from the stream, do not influence the diurnal signal in streamflow.

10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27482386

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: A 71-year-old woman with severe right lower leg pain, edema and erythema was presented to the Emergency Department and was found to have an extensive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) confirmed by ultrasound. She underwent an extensive evaluation due to her prior history of malignancy and new hypercoagulable state, but no evidence of recurrent disease was detected. Further investigation revealed pernicious anemia (PA), confirmed by the presence of a macrocytic anemia (MCV=115.8fL/red cell, Hgb=9.0g/dL), decreased serum B12 levels (56pg/mL), with resultant increased methylmalonic acid (5303nmol/L) and hyperhomocysteinemia (131µmol/L), the presumed etiology of the DVT. The patient also suffered from autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and both antithyroglobulin and anti-intrinsic factor antibodies were detected. She responded briskly to anticoagulation with heparin and coumadin and treatment of PA with intramuscular vitamin B12 injections. Our case suggests that a DVT secondary to hyperhomocystenemia may represent the first sign of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome III-B (PAS III-B), defined as the coexistent autoimmune conditions AITD and PA. It is important to recognize this clinical entity, as patients may not only require acute treatment with vitamin B12 supplementation and prolonged anticoagulation, as in this patient, but may also harbor other autoimmune diseases. LEARNING POINTS: A DVT can be the first physical manifestation of a polyglandular autoimmune syndrome.Hyperhomocysteinemia secondary to pernicious anemia should be considered as an etiology of an unprovoked DVT in a euthyroid patient with autoimmune thyroid disease.Patients with DVT secondary to hyperhomocysteinemia should undergo screening for the presence of co-existent autoimmune diseases in addition to treatment with B12 supplementation and anticoagulation to prevent recurrent thromboembolism.

11.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 22(7): 645.e1-8, 2016 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27126609

RESUMO

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We characterized the clinical and molecular epidemiology of MRSA strains colonizing NICU patients. Nasal MRSA isolates (n = 250, from 96 NICU patients) recovered through active surveillance from 2009 to 2014 were characterized with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and detection of mupA (marker of high-level mupirocin resistance) and qacA/B (marker associated with chlorhexidine resistance). Factors associated with community-associated (CA-) or healthcare-associated (HA-) MRSA were evaluated. The overall prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization was 3.9%. Of 96 neonates in our retrospective cohort, 60 (63%) were colonized with CA-MRSA strains and 35 (36%) were colonized with HA-MRSA strains. Patients colonized with HA-MRSA were more likely to develop MRSA infections than patients colonized with CA-MRSA (13/35, 37% versus 8/60, 13%; p 0.007), although the interval from colonization to infection was shorter in CA-MRSA-colonized infants (median 0 days, range -1 to 4 versus HA-MRSA-colonized infants, 7 days, -1 to 43; p 0.005). Maternal peripartum antibiotics were associated with CA-MRSA colonization (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.7; 95% CI 1.7-45.0); intubation and surgical procedures were associated with HA-MRSA colonization (aOR 7.8; 95% CI 1.3-47.6 and aOR 6.0; 95% CI 1.4-24.4, respectively). Mupirocin- and chlorhexidine-resistant MRSA was isolated from four and eight patients, respectively; carriage of a mupirocin-resistant strain precluded decolonization. CA-MRSA strains are prominent in the NICU and associated with distinct risk factors. Given community reservoirs for MRSA acquisition and transmission, novel infection prevention strategies are needed.


Assuntos
Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Mucosa Nasal/microbiologia , Segurança do Paciente , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/prevenção & controle , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Tipagem Molecular , Mupirocina/administração & dosagem , Mupirocina/farmacologia , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle
12.
Equine Vet J ; 46(6): 695-700, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24028774

RESUMO

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: An in-depth review of dynamic compression plate (DCP) fixation of propagating medial condyle fractures of the third metacarpus or metatarsus has not been previously reported. OBJECTIVES: To describe the technique, evaluate short-term outcome and long-term race performance of racehorses that underwent DCP fixation for repair of propagating or spiralling medial condylar fractures of the third metacarpal (McIII) or metatarsal (MtIII) bone. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: The surgical case records of 30 horses with propagating fractures of the medial condyle of McIII or MtIII were reviewed. Medical information included: age, breed, sex, presentation, how injury occurred (racing or training), surgical treatment and post operative complications. Racing information included: starts, top 3 placing and career earnings. RESULTS: Long propagating fractures of the medial condyle of Mc/tIII were identified in 23 Thoroughbred (TB) and 7 Standardbred (STB) racehorses. The fracture spiralled proximally in 22 of 30 cases (73%). Standardbreds had a higher propensity for hindlimb involvement (71%), whereas TBs tended to have more front limb involvement (61%). Twelve of 30 (40%) horses raced post surgery. Career earnings were significantly lower for TB horses with medial condylar fractures; $34,916 when compared with the national average of $60,841 (P≤0.03). Overall, horses having DCP fixation for medial condylar fractures had less starts post surgery (3.1 TBs and 5.8 STBs) compared with the national average (7 TBs and 17.3 STBs) and decreased lifetime starts 13.4 (TBs) compared with 17.3 nationally. CONCLUSIONS: Propagating medial condyle fractures can be repaired with plate fixation to potentially lessen the risk of catastrophic fracture destabilisation and return to racing can be expected in 40% of horses. Further prospective studies are warranted comparing lag screw fixation with DCP fixation for repair of severe medial condylar fractures of the metacarpus/metatarsus.


Assuntos
Placas Ósseas/veterinária , Fraturas Ósseas/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/cirurgia , Esportes/economia , Animais , Feminino , Membro Anterior/cirurgia , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Membro Posterior/cirurgia , Cavalos , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Corrida
13.
Science ; 330(6003): 486-9, 2010 Oct 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20813922

RESUMO

Chaotic advection has served as the paradigm for mixing in fluid flows with simple time dependence. Its skeletal structure is based on analysis of invariant attracting and repelling manifolds in fluid flows. Here we develop a finite-time theory for two-dimensional incompressible fluid flows with arbitrary time dependence and introduce a new mixing diagnostic based on it. Besides stretching events around attracting and repelling manifolds, this allows us to detect hyperbolic mixing zones. We used the new diagnostic to forecast the spatial location and timing of oil washing ashore in Plaquemines Parish and Grand Isle, Louisiana, and Pensacola, Florida, in May 2010 and the flow of oil toward Panama City Beach, Florida, in June 2010.

14.
Antiviral Res ; 86(2): 212-9, 2010 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20219553

RESUMO

Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are important components of current combination therapies for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, their low genetic barriers against resistance development, cross-resistance and serious side effects can compromise the benefits of the first generation compounds in this class (efavirenz and nevirapine). To study potential pathways leading to resistance against the novel diphenylether NNRTI, RO-0335, sequential passage experiments at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) were performed to solicit a stepwise selection of resistance mutations. Two pathways to loss of susceptibility to RO-0335 were observed, containing patterns of amino acid changes at either V106I/A plus F227C (with additional contributions from A98G, V108I, E138K, M230L and P236L) or V106I/Y188L (with a potential contribution from L100I, E138K and Y181C). Characterization of the observed mutations by site-directed mutagenesis in the isogenic HXB2D background demonstrated that a minimum of two or more mutations were required for significant loss of susceptibility, with the exception of Y188L, which requires a two-nucleotide change. Patterns containing F227C or quadruple mutations selected by RO-0335 showed a low relative fitness value when compared to wild-type HXB2D.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Viral , Transcriptase Reversa do HIV/antagonistas & inibidores , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Substituição de Aminoácidos/genética , Fármacos Anti-HIV/química , Linhagem Celular , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/química , Inoculações Seriadas
15.
Neurology ; 72(2): 125-34, 2009 Jan 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19139363

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) hormone therapy (HT) trials reported that conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) increases risk for all-cause dementia and global cognitive decline. WHIMS MRI measured subclinical cerebrovascular disease as a possible mechanism to explain cognitive decline reported in WHIMS. METHODS: We contacted 2,345 women at 14 WHIMS sites; scans were completed on 1,424 (61%) and 1,403 were accepted for analysis. The primary outcome measure was total ischemic lesion volume on brain MRI. Mean duration of on-trial HT or placebo was 4 (CEE+MPA) or 5.6 years (CEE-Alone) and scans were conducted an average of 3 (CEE+MPA) or 1.4 years (CEE-Alone) post-trial termination. Cross-sectional analysis of MRI lesions was conducted; general linear models were fitted to assess treatment group differences using analysis of covariance. A (two-tailed) critical value of alpha = 0.05 was used. RESULTS: In women evenly matched within trials at baseline, increased lesion volumes were significantly related to age, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, lower post-trial global cognition scores, and increased incident cases of on- or post-trial mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia. Mean ischemic lesion volumes were slightly larger for the CEE+MPA group vs placebo, except for the basal ganglia, but the differences were not significant. Women assigned to CEE-Alone had similar mean ischemic lesion volumes compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Conjugated equine estrogen-based hormone therapy was not associated with a significant increase in ischemic brain lesion volume relative to placebo. This finding was consistent within each trial and in pooled analyses across trials.


Assuntos
Isquemia Encefálica/induzido quimicamente , Artérias Cerebrais/efeitos dos fármacos , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Estrogênios Conjugados (USP)/efeitos adversos , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Causalidade , Artérias Cerebrais/patologia , Artérias Cerebrais/fisiopatologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Fatores de Risco
16.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 13(2): 162-171, 2007 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17328728

RESUMO

This study compared patients with moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) requiring hospitalisation, who received initial therapy with either intravenous ceftriaxone plus intravenous azithromycin, followed by step-down to oral azithromycin (n = 135), with patients who received intravenous ceftriaxone combined with either intravenous clarithromycin or erythromycin, followed by step-down to either oral clarithromycin or erythromycin (n = 143). Clinical and bacteriological outcomes were evaluated at the end of therapy (EOT; day 12-16) or at the end of study (EOS; day 28-35). At baseline, mean APACHE II scores were 13.3 and 12.6, respectively, with >50% of patients classified as Fine Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) category IV or V. Clinical success rates (cure or improvement) in the modified intent-to-treat (MITT) population at EOT were 84.3% in the ceftriaxone/azithromycin group and 82.7% in the ceftriaxone/clarithromycin or erythromycin group. At EOS, MITT success rates (cure only) were 81.7% and 75.0%, respectively. Equivalent success rates in the clinically evaluable population were 83% and 87%, respectively, at EOT, and 79% and 78%, respectively, at EOS. MITT bacteriological eradication rates were 73.2% and 67.4%, respectively, at EOT, and 68.3% vs. 60.9%, respectively, at EOS. Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) was 10.7 and 12.6 days, and the mean duration of therapy was 9.5 and 10.5 days, respectively. The incidence of infusion-related adverse events was 16.3% and 25.2% (p 0.04), respectively. An intravenous-to-oral regimen of ceftriaxone/azithromycin was at least equivalent in efficacy and safety to the comparator regimen and appeared to be a suitable treatment option for hospitalised patients with CAP.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Azitromicina/uso terapêutico , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Eritromicina/uso terapêutico , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Azitromicina/administração & dosagem , Ceftriaxona/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Quimioterapia Combinada , Eritromicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Distribuição Aleatória , Resultado do Tratamento
18.
Br J Dermatol ; 154(3): 467-71, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16445777

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common childhood disorders. It can have a significant impact on the physical and psychological well-being of affected individuals. Although environmental triggers are important, AD also has a strong genetic component. Identifying genes associated with AD may help to understand better the basis of this disorder and its relationship with other allergic disorders such as asthma. OBJECTIVES: Polymorphisms in the gene encoding the inhibitory CTLA4 receptor, an important regulator of T cells, are associated with asthma as well as autoimmune disorders. We have now tested whether polymorphisms in the CTLA4 gene are also associated with early childhood AD. METHODS: A family-based cohort of 112 children and their parents was recruited from Western Sydney, Australia. All children were seen by a paediatric dermatologist and presented with AD within the first 3 years of life. Using the transmission disequilibrium test, individual and haplotypic associations with the +49 and CT60 polymorphisms in exon 1 and the 3' nontranslated DNA of the CTLA4 gene were tested. RESULTS: Single tests of association revealed significant association of the +49(A) [P = 0.037, odds ratio (OR) 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1-2.55] and borderline significance of the CT60(A) alleles (P = 0.055, OR 1.51, 95% CI 1-2.38). Significant association of the +49(A)/CT60(A) haplotype was detected (P = 0.002, OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.2-2.65). CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms within the gene encoding CTLA4 were associated with early onset infant AD. This is in agreement with findings from asthmatic cohorts, suggesting that the +49(A)/CT60(A) haplotype is a genetic risk factor common to asthma and AD.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Diferenciação/genética , Dermatite Atópica/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Idade de Início , Antígenos CD , Antígeno CTLA-4 , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dermatite Atópica/imunologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Lactente , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
20.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 9(5): 431-6, 2003 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12848759

RESUMO

In 2000-2001, 840 clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae were collected from laboratories in France, Germany, Italy and Spain (210 isolates/country). Beta-Lactamase production among the isolates varied considerably by country, ranging from 8.1% in Germany to 34.8% in France. H. influenzae from patients or=18 years (16.5%). All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin; 99.6% and 98.9% of isolates were susceptible to azithromycin and cefuroxime, respectively. Among the macrolides tested, azithromycin (MIC90, 2 mg/L) was eight-fold more potent than clarithromycin (MIC90, 16 mg/L) and roxithromycin (MIC90, 16 mg/L). Despite variations in beta-lactamase production between different countries, > 99% of all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and azithromycin.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Haemophilus influenzae/efeitos dos fármacos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Infecções por Haemophilus/diagnóstico , Haemophilus influenzae/enzimologia , Haemophilus influenzae/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Prospectivos , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese
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