Thoracic Metastases From Primary Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Malignancies: Predictable Patterns of Metastatic Spread.

This article reviews common and uncommon patterns of thoracic metastatic disease in primary hepatobiliary and pancreatic malignancies that are often overlooked or improperly diagnosed because of atypical location or imaging appearance. An understanding of the pathophysiology and routes of tumor spread aids in tailoring a search pattern allowing for more accurate evaluation of disease activity.