Insights into the nutritional properties and microbiome diversity in sweet and sour yogurt manufactured in Bangladesh.

Yogurt is one of the most frequently consumed dairy products for nutritional benefits. Although yogurt is enriched with probiotics, it is susceptible to spoilage because of the presence of pathogenic microbes. Spoiled yogurt if consumed can cause food-borne diseases. This study aimed to assess the nutritional composition and microbiome diversity in yogurt manufactured in Bangladesh. Microbial diversity was analyzed through high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. From nutritional analysis, significantly (P < 0.05) higher pH, fat, moisture, total solid and solid-non-fat contents (%) were observed in sweet yogurt. Following the classification of Illumina sequences, 84.86% and 72.14% of reads were assigned to bacterial and fungal genera, respectively, with significantly higher taxonomic richness in sour yogurt prepared from buffalo. A significant difference in bacterial (Ppermanova = 0.001) and fungal (Ppermanova = 0.013) diversity between sweet and sour yogurt was recorded. A total of 76 bacterial and 70 fungal genera were detected across these samples which were mostly represented by Firmicutes (92.89%) and Ascomycota (98%) phyla, respectively. This is the first study that accentuates nutritional profiles and microbiome diversity of Bangladeshi yogurt which are crucial in determining both active and passive health effects of yogurt consumption in individuals.

Preference for low-coordination sites by adsorbed CO on small platinum nanoparticles.

FTIR spectra of 12CO adsorbed on poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP)-stabilized colloidal platinum at room temperature were acquired and studied. Two new bands, at 2021 cm-1 and 1994 cm-1, were observed for the first time and were assigned to the stretching vibrations of CO linearly adsorbed on the Pt surface at edge and corner sites, respectively. The relative intensities of these two bands were found to vary with the coverage of CO, where the smallest particles showed the highest intensity, corresponding to the relative quantities of edge and corner sites per unit surface. The vibrational spectra signals reported for terrace sites on colloidal Pt red-shifted as the particle size was decreased, which showed the electronic interactions between the Pt surface and PVP, with PVP acting as an electron donor.