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RESUMEN Introducción: El pronóstico de pacientes con carcinoma de células escamosas (CEC) de la cavidad oral con presencia de invasión ósea continua sombrío. El patrón de invasión ósea puede ser usado como indicador de agresividad y correlacionado con el comportamiento clínico del tumor. Objetivo: Evaluar los patrones histopatológicos de invasión ósea en pacientes con CEC de la cavidad oral y correlacionarlos con la tasa de sobrevida. Materiales y métodos: La muestra fue constituida por 62 pacientes con presencia de CEC en la cavidad oral e invasión ósea. Las características epidemiológicas e histopatológicas fueron tabuladas y analizadas. Los Test Chi- cuadrado y exacto de Fischer fueron empleados para verificar las asociaciones estadísticas entre los datos. Resultados: Fueron afectados más hombres en la quinta década de vida y observada una fuerte asociación con tabaquismo y etilismo crónico. Fueron relatadas muertes en 58% de los pacientes, en un periodo de 5 años. El patrón histológico más prevalente fue el infiltrativo, asociado a menores tasas de sobrevida. Conclusión: El análisis del patrón histopatológico de los CEC de la cavidad oral, puede ser usado como factor pronóstico auxiliando en la decisión del abordaje del tratamiento oncológico.
SUMMARY Introduction: Prognosis for patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in oral cavity with bone invasion presence is concerning. Bone invasion patterns can be used to indicate aggressiveness and can be correlated with tumor clinical behavior. Objective: To evaluate bone invasion histopathological patterns in patients with oral cavity SCC and correlate them with the survival rate. Materials and methods: 62 patients with presence of SCC in the oral cavity as well as bone invasion were recruited for this study. Epidemiological and histopathological characteristics were tabulated and analyzed. Fischer's Square and Exact Tests were used to verify any statistical associations between the data. Results: More men were affected, especially in the fifth decade of life, and a strong association with smoking and chronic alcoholism was observed. Deaths were reported in 58% of patients, over a period of 5 years. The most prevalent histological pattern was the infiltrative, associated with lower survival rates. Conclusion: An analysis of the histopathological patterns of oral cavity SCC can be used as a prognostic factor thereby assisting with the decision of which oncological treatment approach to use.
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Resumen Introducción: las bicicletas son un medio de transporte popular que trae beneficios para la salud cuando son utilizadas regularmente. Sin embargo, son frecuentes los accidentes que se presentan en sus usuarios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la prevalencia de accidentes y el uso de equipos de protección individual (EPI) en usuarios de bicicletas en São Paulo (Brasil), por medio de formularios. Además, la población estudiada fue orientada sobre la importancia del uso de EPI. Materiales y métodos: ciclistas de diferentes regiones de São Paulo respondieron a las preguntas hechas en un formulario y fueron orientados al correcto uso de los EPI. Resultados: la muestra total fue de 608 personas, evaluadas y entrevistadas (210 mujeres y 398 hombres). El porcentaje mayor de entrevistados tenía entre 20-40 años. Los EPI más usados fueron casco, tenis y señalización de pedales. 48 % de los encuestados dijo que había sufrido accidentes usando este medio de transporte. Gran parte de los accidentes ocurrieron en momentos de ocio, durante las mañanas y en días de sol. 69.5 % de las personas entrevistadas escucharon las indicaciones. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los ciclistas de la ciudad de São Paulo son jóvenes, varones y no utilizan los EPI obligatorios. Los accidentes sufridos, relatados por la población encuestada, no estuvieron relacionados con las condiciones meteorológicas, ni con el consumo de alcohol. En este estudio se observó que solo los ciclistas que ya usaban los EPI estaban interesados en las directrices sobre su importancia y uso correcto.
Abstract Introduction: Bikes are a popular means of transportation that brings health benefits when used regularly. However, accidents occurring in the users of this means of transport are frequent. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of accidents and the use of Personal protective equipment (PPE) in bicycle users in Sao Paulo (Brazil) through the forms. In addition, the population studied was oriented to the importance of the use of PPE. Materials and methods: Cyclists from different regions of Sao Paulo responded to the form on the PPE and in the end were oriented on the correct use of the PPE. Results: The total sample was 608 people, evaluated and interviewed (210 women and 398 men). The highest percentage of respondents was 20-40 years. The most used PPE were helmet, tennis and pedal signaling. 48 % of respondents said they had already suffered an accident with this means of transport. Most of the accidents occurred in leisure times, during the mornings of sunny days. 69.5 % of respondents heard the guidelines on the correct use of PPE. Conclusions: Most cyclists in the city of Sao Paulo are young, male and do not use the PPE. The accidents suffered, using as a means of transport the bicycle, reported by the reporting population, were not related to the weather conditions, nor with the consumption of alcohol. In this study it was observed that only cyclists who were already using PPE were interested in the guidelines on their importance and correct use.
Resumo Introdução: as bicicletas são um meio de transporte popular que traz benefícios para a saúde quando são utilizadas regularmente. No entanto, são frequentes os acidentes que se apresentam nos usuários deste meio de transporte. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de acidentes e o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) em usuários de bicicletas em São Paulo (Brasil) através de formulários. Para além disso, a população estudada foi orientada sobre a importância do uso de EPI. Materiais e métodos: ciclistas de diferentes regiões de São Paulo (Brasil) responderam às perguntas feitas no formulário e no final do estudo foram orientados ao correto uso dos EPI. Resultados: a amostra total foi de 608 pessoas, avaliadas e entrevistadas, sendo 210 mulheres e 398 homens. A maior porcentagem de entrevistados tinha entre 20 e 40 anos. Os EPI mais usados foram: capacete, sapatilhas e sinalização de pedais. 48 % dos inqueridos disseram que já tinham sofrido acidentes usando este meio de transporte. Grande parte dos acidentes ocorreram em momentos de ócio, durante as manhãs, em dias de sol e com pista seca. 69.5 % das pessoas entrevistadas ouviram as indicações. Conclusões: a maioria dos ciclistas da cidade de São Paulo (Brasil) são jovens, varões e não utilizam os EPI obrigatórios. Os acidentes sofridos, usando como meio de transporte a bicicleta, relatados pela população enquerida, não estiveram relacionados com as condições meteorológicas, nem com o consumo de álcool. Neste estudo se observou que só os ciclistas que já usavam os EPI estavam interessados nas diretrizes sobre a sua importância e uso correto.
Assuntos
Humanos , Prevenção de Acidentes , Equipamentos de Proteção , Brasil , Acidentes de Trânsito , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and demographic features of 62 patients presenting sporadic odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) or OKCs associated with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS). In conjunction with this, we also evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of Shh, Ptch1, Ptch2, Smo, Gli1, Gli2 and Gli3 proteins in 86 OKCs. By doing this, we add to the understanding of the biology of this type of lesion, providing tools that will help facilitate the early diagnosis of NBCCS in those patients where the first manifestation is that of OKCs. METHODS: This is a retrospective study; patients were classified into two groups: group 1 which consisted of those who were not affected by NBCCS (49 patients and 57 OKCs) and group 2 which consisted of those who were diagnosed with NBCCS (13 patients and 29 OKCs). The clinical and demographic features were studied and the immunohistochemical expression of Sonic Hedgehog proteins (Shh, Ptch1, Ptch2, Smo, Gli1, Gli2, and Gli3) was analyzed in all samples. RESULTS: There was an increase in the expression of three proteins in the syndromic OKC, when compared to that of sporadic cysts. Shh and Gli1 showed higher cytoplasmic expression, while Smo revealed stronger nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our findings suggest that the expression patterns of important Shh pathway proteins can represent valuable markers for early diagnosis of NBCCS-associated OKCs, as the major criterion for the diagnosis of NBCCS is currently based on the late appearance of basal cellular carcinomas. Thus, standardizing a new diagnostic tool for diagnosis of NBCCS could be of great importance in the identification of therapeutic targets. We therefore suggest, as based on our findings, that OKCs showing high expression of Shh, Smo, and Gli1 are potentially associated with NBCCS.
