The greater omentum and similar serous formations of testis in male white rats.

BACKGROUND: The greater omentum of white rats appears, in basic morphological features (in miniature), to be homologous to the greater omentum of humans. We study of the greater omentum reaction to the catgut implant. After implantation of the catgut thread, it turned out that not only the greater omentum, but also serous formations similar to it, related to the testicles, are involved in the covering of the implant. The aim of the study was to study the general plan of the structure and the principles of morphometric analysis of serous formations of testis in white male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment involved 15 white male rats of reproductive age, weighing from 284 to 334 grams. RESULTS: It has been established that each testicle of white rats has serous (peritoneal derivatives) formations of two types. One of them is a typical mesentery, with which each testicle is separately fixed to the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity, and the other formation is a free regrowth of a duplication of the serous membrane. It was called the epididymal omentum. According to the algorithm for studying the greater omentum in our previous works, it is noteworthy that the area of the greater omentum is noticeably inferior to the area of the epididymal omentums (F = 0.239; p = 0.006). So, if the average value of the area of the greater omentum is 2766.51 ± 388.12 mm2, then the same indicator of the epididymal omentum reaches 4383.36 ± 793.56 mm2, with their approximately the same thickness (F = 1.35; p = 0.291). CONCLUSIONS: It has been established that the greater omentum has two, homeomorphic to it, derivatives of the peritoneum, associated with the epididymis, which were justifiably called epididymal omentums and were fully described in the literature for the first time.

ALTERATIONS OF THE INTENSITY OF NEUN-IMMUNOREACTIVITY REACTIONS IN THE CEREBELLAR STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF RATS UNDER INFLUENCE OF THE FOOD ADDITIVES COMPLEX.

To estimate the changes of the intensity of the NeuN-immunoreactivity reaction in the structural components of the cerebellum of rats under the influence of the food additives complex. We used 100 white rats with an average weight of 258.1±0.67 g. in our study. We used paraffin sections with a thickness of 3 µm for immunohistochemical studies. Rat monoclonal antibody NeuN (0.N.211) sc-71667 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, inc.) was used to detect neurons. During the morphometric study we identified that in the course of the experiment, the average number of NeuN-positive Purkinje cells of the ganglion layer of the cerebellar cortex of rats in different experimental groups (from 1st to 5th) in comparison with the control group of animals significantly increases at p˂0.05. Concurrently, we determined morphometrically that in the course of the experiment the average number of NeuN - positive Golgi cells of type II of the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex of rats in different experimental groups in comparison with the control group of animals also increased significantly at p˂0.05. In our experimental study, we determined reliably that NeuN-positive structures of the gray matter of the cerebellum were different, both structurally and morphometrically.

PRIMORDIAL FORMS OF PEYER'S PATCHES DEVELOPED IN ALBINO RATS' SMALL INTESTINE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC.

Experimental modeling of dysbacterioses associated with antibiotics is an urgent issue of morphological studies. The present paper was aimed at the detection and study of the primordial forms of Peyer's patches developed in the small intestine of albino rats after administration of clarithromycin. 30 mature albino male rats weighing 200.0 ± 20.0 g were involved into the experiment. Antibiotic was administered to the rodents as a supplement to food during their two-meals-a-day feeding. Areas of the small intestine with Peyer's patches have been studied. Serial paraffin sections have been analyzed using the "Konus" light microscope. Morphometric characteristics of the tissue structures were obtained using the Sigeta X 1 mm / 100 Div.x0.01mm stage micrometer. Administration of clarithromycin caused a significant increase in the amount of Peyer's patches, the appearance in the mucous membrane of newly formed aggregated lymphoid nodules, being the primordial forms of Peyer's patches, the appearance of which can be explained by only one factor, namely, impaired microbiocenosis in the small intestine under the influence of the broad-spectrum antibacterial drug, clarithromycin, which has immunotropic effect.

[STRUCTURAL FORM OF THE FOLLICLE-ASSOCIATED EPITHELIUM OF PEYERS' PATCHES OF THE ALBINO RATS' SMALL INTESTINE].

The paper was aimed at detailed specification of microscopic structure of the intestinal epithelium, associated with lymphoid nodules of the Peyer's patches of the albino rats' small intestine. 30 mature albino male rats weighted 200,0±20,0 g were involved into the study. Slices of the small intestine with Peyer's patches have been analyzed. Serial paraffin sections have been studied using the "Konus' light microscope. Morphometric characteristics of the tissue structures have been obtained using the Sigeta X 1 mm/100 Div.x0.01mm object-micrometer. The findings of the study of serial paraffin sections have discovered a hitherto unknown form of association of the intestinal epithelium with lymphoid nodules, which was called column-inline lymphoepithelial fractals. Between them, wide intercellular fissures were found; they separated both the limbic enterocytes, and columns of lymphocytic elements, located beneath them.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHOID NODULES OF THE PEYER'S PATCHES OF SMALL INTESTINE IN ALBINO RATS.

An individual Peyer's patch, regardless of its localization, shape and size, is a group combination of several homogeneous lymphoid formations, currently known as nodules. The internal structure of the lymphoid nodules of Peyer's patches of the small intestine of albino rats has been studied. 30 mature albino male rats weighing 200.0±20.0 g were involved into the study. Areas of the small intestine with Peyer's patches have been studied. Serial paraffin sections have been analyzed using the "Konus" light microscope. Morphometric characteristics of the tissue structures were obtained using the Sigeta X 1 mm / 100 Div.x0.01 mm stage micrometer. Apparently, intercellular fissures of the lymphatic epithelial columns, providing paracellular transport of fluid from the contents of the small intestine to the interstitial network of lymphoid nodules can initiate the processes of extravascular fluid microcirculation and lymph outflow pathways in the lymphoid nodules of Peyer's patches. In this case, a variant of the initiation of immune responses in Peyer's patches is presented. A pronounced functional polymorphism is characteristic of Peyer's patches, which must be taken into account when conducting experimental studies.

The use of injection-corrosive method in the study of extraorganic bloodstream of human intact stomach.

INTRODUCTION: Functional and morphological state of the organs and tissues mainly depends on the adequate blood supply and lymph movement, function of which is integrated by the nervous system. A crucial link in the morphogenesis of the gastric lesions is the intensity of vascularization, as well as the fact that in its venous part the gastric bloodstream is almost entirely included into the portal vein system. Knowledge of the anatomy of the normal human stomach conditions is of indispensable practical value, since they are required for the proper interpretation of the pathological changes occurred in it. THE AIM: To obtain the spatial visual information about the angioarchitecture of the extraorganic bloodstream of human intact stomach deep in the gastric wall. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 post-autopsy adult total stomach specimens of patients, died for the reasons not associated with manifested gastrointestinal diseases have been analyzed. The specimens were extracted during the dissection together with portions of lesser and greater omentum, and segment of aorta with celiac trunk. To neutralize the acidic contents of the stomach, its cavity was washed by 4% sodium bicarbonate solution with subsequent wash in warm running water. The vascular injection method with subsequent corrosion of soft tissues was used in investigation of gastric bloodstream. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the investigations the advantages of the countercurrent-crossing method of injection of extraorganic vessels to fill the bloodstream of human stomach have been discussed. Positive results of the suggested technique for morphological study of blood vessels have been noted. The three-dimensional spatial organization of the extraorganic bloodstream of the intact stomach can be studied on the basis of the injection-corrosive casts. Thus, the use of the suggested method enables to obtain the fine three-dimensional reproduction of extraorganic bloodstream of the human stomach. The obtained high-quality casts, in turn, are used for the subsequent morphological studies of the intact stomach.

[The central mechanisms regulating the blood circulation in hyperuricemia]. / Stan tsentral'nykh mekhanizmiv rehuliatsiï krovoobihu pry hiperurykemiï.

In experiments conducted on male Wistar rats for elucidation the role of central mechanisms in development alterations of heart electric stability was studied activity of 5(1)-nucleotidase and adenosine desaminase in sensomotor cortex, hypothalamus and hippocamp. Were shown that changes of heart function were in case increased adenosine content in neurons of sensomotor cortex, hypothalamus and hippocamp. Introduction to animals with hyperuricemia DOCA, with activate 5(1)-nucleotidase and adenosine desaminase, was accompanied by changes of cAMP and cGMP content in neurons. Developing alterations of heart electric stability suggest the responsibility of injury adenosine metabolism in different brain structures of animals with hyperuricemia in alterations of central regulatory mechanisms of systemic blood flow.